The Experts below are selected from a list of 761859 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Babatunde Olowokure - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
antibiotic use and resistance in emerging economies a Situation Analysis for viet nam
BMC Public Health, 2013Co-Authors: Kinh Van Nguyen, Arjun Chandna, Trung Vu Nguyen, Ca Van Pham, Phuong Mai Doan, An Quoc Nguyen, Chuc Kim Thi Nguyen, Mattias Larsson, Socorro Escalante, Babatunde OlowokureAbstract:Antimicrobial resistance is a major contemporary public health threat. Strategies to contain antimicrobial resistance have been comprehensively set forth, however in developing countries where the need for effective antimicrobials is greatest implementation has proved problematic. A better understanding of patterns and determinants of antibiotic use and resistance in emerging economies may permit more appropriately targeted interventions. Viet Nam, with a large population, high burden of infectious disease and relatively unrestricted access to medication, is an excellent case study of the difficulties faced by emerging economies in controlling antimicrobial resistance. Our working group conducted a Situation Analysis of the current patterns and determinants of antibiotic use and resistance in Viet Nam. International publications and local reports published between 1-1-1990 and 31-8-2012 were reviewed. All stakeholders analyzed the findings at a policy workshop and feasible recommendations were suggested to improve antibiotic use in Viet Nam. Here we report the results of our Situation Analysis focusing on: the healthcare system, drug regulation and supply; antibiotic resistance and infection control; and agricultural antibiotic use. Market reforms have improved healthcare access in Viet Nam and contributed to better health outcomes. However, increased accessibility has been accompanied by injudicious antibiotic use in hospitals and the community, with predictable escalation in bacterial resistance. Prescribing practices are poor and self-medication is common – often being the most affordable way to access healthcare. Many policies exist to regulate antibiotic use but enforcement is insufficient or lacking. Pneumococcal penicillin-resistance rates are the highest in Asia and carbapenem-resistant bacteria (notably NDM-1) have recently emerged. Hospital acquired infections, predominantly with multi-drug resistant Gram-negative organisms, place additional strain on limited resources. Widespread agricultural antibiotic use further propagates antimicrobial resistance. Future legislation regarding antibiotic access must alter incentives for purchasers and providers and ensure effective enforcement. The Ministry of Health recently initiated a national action plan and approved a multicenter health improvement project to strengthen national capacity for antimicrobial stewardship in Viet Nam. This Analysis provided important input to these initiatives. Our methodologies and findings may be of use to others across the world tackling the growing threat of antibiotic resistance.
-
antibiotic use and resistance in emerging economies a Situation Analysis for viet nam
BMC Public Health, 2013Co-Authors: Kinh Van Nguyen, Arjun Chandna, Trung Vu Nguyen, Ca Van Pham, Phuong Mai Doan, An Quoc Nguyen, Chuc Kim Thi Nguyen, Mattias Larsson, Socorro Escalante, Babatunde OlowokureAbstract:Background Antimicrobial resistance is a major contemporary public health threat. Strategies to contain antimicrobial resistance have been comprehensively set forth, however in developing countries where the need for effective antimicrobials is greatest implementation has proved problematic. A better understanding of patterns and determinants of antibiotic use and resistance in emerging economies may permit more appropriately targeted interventions. Viet Nam, with a large population, high burden of infectious disease and relatively unrestricted access to medication, is an excellent case study of the difficulties faced by emerging economies in controlling antimicrobial resistance.
C Lund - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A Situation Analysis of mental health services and legislation in Ghana: challenges for transformation
African Journal of Psychiatry, 2010Co-Authors: A Ofori-atta, Um Read, C LundAbstract:Objective: To conduct a Situation Analysis of the status of mental health care in Ghana and to propose options for scaling up the provision of mental health care. Method: A survey of the existing mental health system in Ghana was conducted using the WHO Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems. Documentary Analysis was undertaken of mental health legislation, utilizing the WHO Legislation checklists. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with a broad range of mental health stakeholders (n=122) at the national, regional and district levels. Results: There are shortfalls in the provision of mental health care including insufficient numbers of mental health professionals, aging infrastructure, widespread stigma, inadequate funding and an inequitable geographical distribution of services. Conclusion: Community-based services need to be delivered in the primary care setting to provide accessible and humane mental health care. There is an urgent need for legislation reform, to improve mental health care delivery and protect human rights.
Lucy Makoae - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Situation Analysis for cervical cancer diagnosis and treatment in east central and southern african countries
Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 2001Co-Authors: Z M Chirenje, Simbarashe Rusakaniko, Leah Kirumbi, Edward W Ngwalle, Pulani Makutatlebere, Sam Kaggwa, Winnie Mpanjushumbusho, Lucy MakoaeAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors influencing cervical cancer diagnosis and treatment in countries of East, Central and Southern Africa (ECSA). METHODS: Data were collected from randomly selected primary health care centres, district and provincial hospitals, and tertiary hospitals in each participating country. Health care workers were interviewed, using a questionnaire; the facilities for screening, diagnosing, and treating cervical cancer in each institution were recorded, using a previously designed checklist. FINDINGS: Although 95% of institutions at all health care levels in ECSA countries had the basic infrastructure to carry out cervical cytology screening, only a small percentage of women were actually screened. Lack of policy guidelines, infrequent supply of basic materials, and a lack of suitable qualified staff were the most common reasons reported. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that there is an urgent need for more investment in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer in ECSA countries. In these, and other countries with low resources, suitable screening programmes should be established.
Charlotte Hanlon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
information systems for mental health in six low and middle income countries cross country Situation Analysis
International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 2016Co-Authors: Nawaraj Upadhaya, Charlotte Hanlon, Mark J D Jordans, Jibril Abdulmalik, Shalini Ahuja, Atalay Alem, Fred Kigozi, Dorothy Kizza, Crick LundAbstract:Research on information systems for mental health in low and middle income countries (LMICs) is scarce. As a result, there is a lack of reliable information on mental health service needs, treatment coverage and the quality of services provided. With the aim of informing the development and implementation of a mental health information sub-system that includes reliable and measurable indicators on mental health within the Health Management Information Systems (HMIS), a cross-country Situation Analysis of HMIS was conducted in six LMICs (Ethiopia, India, Nepal, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda), participating in the ‘Emerging mental health systems in low and middle income countries’ (Emerald) research programme. A Situation Analysis tool was developed to obtain and chart information from documents in the public domain. In circumstances when information was inadequate, key government officials were contacted to verify the data collected. In this paper we compare the baseline policy context, human resources Situation as well as the processes and mechanisms of collecting, verifying, reporting and disseminating mental health related HMIS data. The findings suggest that countries face substantial policy, human resource and health governance challenges for mental health HMIS, many of which are common across sites. In particular, the specific policies and plans for the governance and implementation of mental health data collection, reporting and dissemination are absent. Across sites there is inadequate infrastructure, few HMIS experts, and inadequate technical support and supervision to junior staff, particularly in the area of mental health. Nonetheless there are also strengths in existing HMIS where a few mental health morbidity, mortality, and system level indicators are collected and reported. Our study indicates the need for greater technical and resources input to strengthen routine HMIS and develop standardized HMIS indicators for mental health, focusing in particular on indicators of coverage and quality to facilitate the implementation of the WHO mental health action plan 2013–2020.
-
challenges and opportunities for implementing integrated mental health care a district level Situation Analysis from five low and middle income countries
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Charlotte Hanlon, Nagendra P Luitel, Tasneem Kathree, Vaibhav Murhar, Sanjay Shrivasta, Girmay Medhin, Joshua Ssebunnya, Abebaw Fekadu, Rahul Shidhaye, Inge PetersenAbstract:CITATION: Hanlon, C. et al. 2014. Challenges and opportunities for implementing integrated mental health care : a district level Situation Analysis from five low- and middle-income countries, PLoS ONE, 9(2):e88437, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088437.
Kinh Van Nguyen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
antibiotic use and resistance in emerging economies a Situation Analysis for viet nam
BMC Public Health, 2013Co-Authors: Kinh Van Nguyen, Arjun Chandna, Trung Vu Nguyen, Ca Van Pham, Phuong Mai Doan, An Quoc Nguyen, Chuc Kim Thi Nguyen, Mattias Larsson, Socorro Escalante, Babatunde OlowokureAbstract:Antimicrobial resistance is a major contemporary public health threat. Strategies to contain antimicrobial resistance have been comprehensively set forth, however in developing countries where the need for effective antimicrobials is greatest implementation has proved problematic. A better understanding of patterns and determinants of antibiotic use and resistance in emerging economies may permit more appropriately targeted interventions. Viet Nam, with a large population, high burden of infectious disease and relatively unrestricted access to medication, is an excellent case study of the difficulties faced by emerging economies in controlling antimicrobial resistance. Our working group conducted a Situation Analysis of the current patterns and determinants of antibiotic use and resistance in Viet Nam. International publications and local reports published between 1-1-1990 and 31-8-2012 were reviewed. All stakeholders analyzed the findings at a policy workshop and feasible recommendations were suggested to improve antibiotic use in Viet Nam. Here we report the results of our Situation Analysis focusing on: the healthcare system, drug regulation and supply; antibiotic resistance and infection control; and agricultural antibiotic use. Market reforms have improved healthcare access in Viet Nam and contributed to better health outcomes. However, increased accessibility has been accompanied by injudicious antibiotic use in hospitals and the community, with predictable escalation in bacterial resistance. Prescribing practices are poor and self-medication is common – often being the most affordable way to access healthcare. Many policies exist to regulate antibiotic use but enforcement is insufficient or lacking. Pneumococcal penicillin-resistance rates are the highest in Asia and carbapenem-resistant bacteria (notably NDM-1) have recently emerged. Hospital acquired infections, predominantly with multi-drug resistant Gram-negative organisms, place additional strain on limited resources. Widespread agricultural antibiotic use further propagates antimicrobial resistance. Future legislation regarding antibiotic access must alter incentives for purchasers and providers and ensure effective enforcement. The Ministry of Health recently initiated a national action plan and approved a multicenter health improvement project to strengthen national capacity for antimicrobial stewardship in Viet Nam. This Analysis provided important input to these initiatives. Our methodologies and findings may be of use to others across the world tackling the growing threat of antibiotic resistance.
-
antibiotic use and resistance in emerging economies a Situation Analysis for viet nam
BMC Public Health, 2013Co-Authors: Kinh Van Nguyen, Arjun Chandna, Trung Vu Nguyen, Ca Van Pham, Phuong Mai Doan, An Quoc Nguyen, Chuc Kim Thi Nguyen, Mattias Larsson, Socorro Escalante, Babatunde OlowokureAbstract:Background Antimicrobial resistance is a major contemporary public health threat. Strategies to contain antimicrobial resistance have been comprehensively set forth, however in developing countries where the need for effective antimicrobials is greatest implementation has proved problematic. A better understanding of patterns and determinants of antibiotic use and resistance in emerging economies may permit more appropriately targeted interventions. Viet Nam, with a large population, high burden of infectious disease and relatively unrestricted access to medication, is an excellent case study of the difficulties faced by emerging economies in controlling antimicrobial resistance.