Skin Color

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María Ángeles López-vílchez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Reliability of transcutaneous bilirubin determination based on Skin Color determined by a neonatal Skin Color scale of our own
    European Journal of Pediatrics, 2021
    Co-Authors: Silvia Maya-enero, Jordi Garcia-garcia, Júlia Candel-pau, Xavier Duran-jordà, María Ángeles López-vílchez
    Abstract:

    Measurement of transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) is widely used to estimate serum bilirubin (SB). However, its reliability depending on Skin tone is still controversial. Ethnic classification does not correlate well with Skin tone. We aimed to determine the reliability of transcutaneous bilirubin in a multiethnic population based on Skin Color according to our neonatal Skin Color scale. We conducted a prospective, observational study comparing SB and TcB among different Skin Colors. With the blood sample routinely obtained at 48–72 h for the screening of inborn errors of metabolism, we determined SB and TcB with a jaundice meter. We obtained data from 1359 newborns (Color 1 337, Color 2 750, Color 3 249, Color 4 23) and analyzed 1549 dyads SB/TcB. Correlation between TcB and serum bilirubin was very good ( R ^2 = 0.908–0.956), globally and by Color group, with slight differences between darker and lighter Skin Colors. Bland-Altman plots showed different mean bias depending on Skin Color. Conclusions : Our study not only supports the reliability of TcB to assess SB regardless of Skin Color, but also supports the fact that TcB tends to overestimate SB in a higher degree in dark-Skinned neonates. This may help reduce the number of blood samples for newborns. What is Known: • Jaundice meters are extensively used to diagnose neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, although controversies exist on their reliability depending on Skin Color. • Only a few studies have analyzed their accuracy in multiethnic populations, but none has used a validated neonatal Skin Color scale. What is New: • We verified correlation between serum and transcutaneous bilirubin in a multiethnic population depending on Skin Color after classifying our neonates into Color groups with our own validated neonatal Skin Color scale.

  • Validation of a neonatal Skin Color scale
    European Journal of Pediatrics, 2020
    Co-Authors: Silvia Maya-enero, Júlia Candel-pau, Jordi Garcia-garcia, Ana Maria Giménez-arnau, María Ángeles López-vílchez
    Abstract:

    Ethnic classification does not correlate well with Skin tone. As there are no neonatal Skin Color scales, we aimed to create and validate one of our own. After creating the scale and briefly training our staff, we conducted a prospective, observational study to assess reproducibility and correlation of each scale Color with the melanin and erythema indexes and transcutaneous bilirubin. The reliability of our Color scale was measured using Kappa agreement (and its 95% confidence interval) and the concordance index by comparing inter-observer classification of neonatal Skin Color. We also calculated inter-rater agreement with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The Kendall tau-b correlation coefficient was used to test the correlation between our Color scale and the Mexameter® MX 18. We obtained data from 258 newborns. Inter-observer agreement on Color assignment was 83.2%. Median melanin index was significantly different among the 4 Color groups, whereas erythema index and transcutaneous bilirubin were not. Conclusions : Our proposed neonatal Skin Color scale correlates well with the melanin index at 24 h of life, increasing from Colors 1 to 4, and the only chromophore different among our four Color groups is melanin. Scale Color assignment is reproducible. Therefore, it can be used to classify neonatal Skin Color. Further research is warranted to assess the clinical relevance of these findings. What is known: • Classifying neonates by Skin Color is difficult because to date there are no Skin Color scales available based on real Skin tone regardless of ethnicity or country of origin . • Skin Color differs among individuals from a given ethnic group and depends , among others , on melanin and hemoglobin . What is new: • We created a neonatal Skin Color scale based on real Skin Color . • We conducted a study to validate it , and confirmed a good inter - observer agreement in Color assignment as well as a good correlation between each Color in the scale and the median melanin level .

Silvia Maya-enero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Reliability of transcutaneous bilirubin determination based on Skin Color determined by a neonatal Skin Color scale of our own
    European Journal of Pediatrics, 2021
    Co-Authors: Silvia Maya-enero, Jordi Garcia-garcia, Júlia Candel-pau, Xavier Duran-jordà, María Ángeles López-vílchez
    Abstract:

    Measurement of transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) is widely used to estimate serum bilirubin (SB). However, its reliability depending on Skin tone is still controversial. Ethnic classification does not correlate well with Skin tone. We aimed to determine the reliability of transcutaneous bilirubin in a multiethnic population based on Skin Color according to our neonatal Skin Color scale. We conducted a prospective, observational study comparing SB and TcB among different Skin Colors. With the blood sample routinely obtained at 48–72 h for the screening of inborn errors of metabolism, we determined SB and TcB with a jaundice meter. We obtained data from 1359 newborns (Color 1 337, Color 2 750, Color 3 249, Color 4 23) and analyzed 1549 dyads SB/TcB. Correlation between TcB and serum bilirubin was very good ( R ^2 = 0.908–0.956), globally and by Color group, with slight differences between darker and lighter Skin Colors. Bland-Altman plots showed different mean bias depending on Skin Color. Conclusions : Our study not only supports the reliability of TcB to assess SB regardless of Skin Color, but also supports the fact that TcB tends to overestimate SB in a higher degree in dark-Skinned neonates. This may help reduce the number of blood samples for newborns. What is Known: • Jaundice meters are extensively used to diagnose neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, although controversies exist on their reliability depending on Skin Color. • Only a few studies have analyzed their accuracy in multiethnic populations, but none has used a validated neonatal Skin Color scale. What is New: • We verified correlation between serum and transcutaneous bilirubin in a multiethnic population depending on Skin Color after classifying our neonates into Color groups with our own validated neonatal Skin Color scale.

  • Validation of a neonatal Skin Color scale
    European Journal of Pediatrics, 2020
    Co-Authors: Silvia Maya-enero, Júlia Candel-pau, Jordi Garcia-garcia, Ana Maria Giménez-arnau, María Ángeles López-vílchez
    Abstract:

    Ethnic classification does not correlate well with Skin tone. As there are no neonatal Skin Color scales, we aimed to create and validate one of our own. After creating the scale and briefly training our staff, we conducted a prospective, observational study to assess reproducibility and correlation of each scale Color with the melanin and erythema indexes and transcutaneous bilirubin. The reliability of our Color scale was measured using Kappa agreement (and its 95% confidence interval) and the concordance index by comparing inter-observer classification of neonatal Skin Color. We also calculated inter-rater agreement with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The Kendall tau-b correlation coefficient was used to test the correlation between our Color scale and the Mexameter® MX 18. We obtained data from 258 newborns. Inter-observer agreement on Color assignment was 83.2%. Median melanin index was significantly different among the 4 Color groups, whereas erythema index and transcutaneous bilirubin were not. Conclusions : Our proposed neonatal Skin Color scale correlates well with the melanin index at 24 h of life, increasing from Colors 1 to 4, and the only chromophore different among our four Color groups is melanin. Scale Color assignment is reproducible. Therefore, it can be used to classify neonatal Skin Color. Further research is warranted to assess the clinical relevance of these findings. What is known: • Classifying neonates by Skin Color is difficult because to date there are no Skin Color scales available based on real Skin tone regardless of ethnicity or country of origin . • Skin Color differs among individuals from a given ethnic group and depends , among others , on melanin and hemoglobin . What is new: • We created a neonatal Skin Color scale based on real Skin Color . • We conducted a study to validate it , and confirmed a good inter - observer agreement in Color assignment as well as a good correlation between each Color in the scale and the median melanin level .

Hope Landrine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • is Skin Color a marker for racial discrimination explaining the Skin Color hypertension relationship
    Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2000
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth A Klonoff, Hope Landrine
    Abstract:

    It is widely assumed that dark-Skinned Blacks have higher rates of hypertension than their lighter-Skinned cohorts because the former experience greater racial discrimination. However, there is no empirical evidence linking Skin Color to discrimination. This study tested the extent to which Skin Color is associated with differential exposure to discrimination for a sample of 300 Black adults. Results revealed that dark-Skinned Blacks were 11 times more likely to experience frequent racial discrimination than their light-Skinned counterparts; 67% of subjects reporting high discrimination were dark-Skinned and only 8.5% were light-Skinned. These preliminary findings suggest that Skin Color indeed may be a marker for racial discrimination and highlight the need to assess discrimination in studies of the Skin Color-hypertension relationship.

  • Is Skin Color a Marker for Racial Discrimination? Explaining the Skin Color–Hypertension Relationship
    Journal of behavioral medicine, 2000
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth A Klonoff, Hope Landrine
    Abstract:

    It is widely assumed that dark-Skinned Blacks have higher rates of hypertension than their lighter-Skinned cohorts because the former experience greater racial discrimination. However, there is no empirical evidence linking Skin Color to discrimination. This study tested the extent to which Skin Color is associated with differential exposure to discrimination for a sample of 300 Black adults. Results revealed that dark-Skinned Blacks were 11 times more likely to experience frequent racial discrimination than their light-Skinned counterparts; 67% of subjects reporting high discrimination were dark-Skinned and only 8.5% were light-Skinned. These preliminary findings suggest that Skin Color indeed may be a marker for racial discrimination and highlight the need to assess discrimination in studies of the Skin Color-hypertension relationship.

Jordi Garcia-garcia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Reliability of transcutaneous bilirubin determination based on Skin Color determined by a neonatal Skin Color scale of our own
    European Journal of Pediatrics, 2021
    Co-Authors: Silvia Maya-enero, Jordi Garcia-garcia, Júlia Candel-pau, Xavier Duran-jordà, María Ángeles López-vílchez
    Abstract:

    Measurement of transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) is widely used to estimate serum bilirubin (SB). However, its reliability depending on Skin tone is still controversial. Ethnic classification does not correlate well with Skin tone. We aimed to determine the reliability of transcutaneous bilirubin in a multiethnic population based on Skin Color according to our neonatal Skin Color scale. We conducted a prospective, observational study comparing SB and TcB among different Skin Colors. With the blood sample routinely obtained at 48–72 h for the screening of inborn errors of metabolism, we determined SB and TcB with a jaundice meter. We obtained data from 1359 newborns (Color 1 337, Color 2 750, Color 3 249, Color 4 23) and analyzed 1549 dyads SB/TcB. Correlation between TcB and serum bilirubin was very good ( R ^2 = 0.908–0.956), globally and by Color group, with slight differences between darker and lighter Skin Colors. Bland-Altman plots showed different mean bias depending on Skin Color. Conclusions : Our study not only supports the reliability of TcB to assess SB regardless of Skin Color, but also supports the fact that TcB tends to overestimate SB in a higher degree in dark-Skinned neonates. This may help reduce the number of blood samples for newborns. What is Known: • Jaundice meters are extensively used to diagnose neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, although controversies exist on their reliability depending on Skin Color. • Only a few studies have analyzed their accuracy in multiethnic populations, but none has used a validated neonatal Skin Color scale. What is New: • We verified correlation between serum and transcutaneous bilirubin in a multiethnic population depending on Skin Color after classifying our neonates into Color groups with our own validated neonatal Skin Color scale.

  • Validation of a neonatal Skin Color scale
    European Journal of Pediatrics, 2020
    Co-Authors: Silvia Maya-enero, Júlia Candel-pau, Jordi Garcia-garcia, Ana Maria Giménez-arnau, María Ángeles López-vílchez
    Abstract:

    Ethnic classification does not correlate well with Skin tone. As there are no neonatal Skin Color scales, we aimed to create and validate one of our own. After creating the scale and briefly training our staff, we conducted a prospective, observational study to assess reproducibility and correlation of each scale Color with the melanin and erythema indexes and transcutaneous bilirubin. The reliability of our Color scale was measured using Kappa agreement (and its 95% confidence interval) and the concordance index by comparing inter-observer classification of neonatal Skin Color. We also calculated inter-rater agreement with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The Kendall tau-b correlation coefficient was used to test the correlation between our Color scale and the Mexameter® MX 18. We obtained data from 258 newborns. Inter-observer agreement on Color assignment was 83.2%. Median melanin index was significantly different among the 4 Color groups, whereas erythema index and transcutaneous bilirubin were not. Conclusions : Our proposed neonatal Skin Color scale correlates well with the melanin index at 24 h of life, increasing from Colors 1 to 4, and the only chromophore different among our four Color groups is melanin. Scale Color assignment is reproducible. Therefore, it can be used to classify neonatal Skin Color. Further research is warranted to assess the clinical relevance of these findings. What is known: • Classifying neonates by Skin Color is difficult because to date there are no Skin Color scales available based on real Skin tone regardless of ethnicity or country of origin . • Skin Color differs among individuals from a given ethnic group and depends , among others , on melanin and hemoglobin . What is new: • We created a neonatal Skin Color scale based on real Skin Color . • We conducted a study to validate it , and confirmed a good inter - observer agreement in Color assignment as well as a good correlation between each Color in the scale and the median melanin level .

Elizabeth A Klonoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • is Skin Color a marker for racial discrimination explaining the Skin Color hypertension relationship
    Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2000
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth A Klonoff, Hope Landrine
    Abstract:

    It is widely assumed that dark-Skinned Blacks have higher rates of hypertension than their lighter-Skinned cohorts because the former experience greater racial discrimination. However, there is no empirical evidence linking Skin Color to discrimination. This study tested the extent to which Skin Color is associated with differential exposure to discrimination for a sample of 300 Black adults. Results revealed that dark-Skinned Blacks were 11 times more likely to experience frequent racial discrimination than their light-Skinned counterparts; 67% of subjects reporting high discrimination were dark-Skinned and only 8.5% were light-Skinned. These preliminary findings suggest that Skin Color indeed may be a marker for racial discrimination and highlight the need to assess discrimination in studies of the Skin Color-hypertension relationship.

  • Is Skin Color a Marker for Racial Discrimination? Explaining the Skin Color–Hypertension Relationship
    Journal of behavioral medicine, 2000
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth A Klonoff, Hope Landrine
    Abstract:

    It is widely assumed that dark-Skinned Blacks have higher rates of hypertension than their lighter-Skinned cohorts because the former experience greater racial discrimination. However, there is no empirical evidence linking Skin Color to discrimination. This study tested the extent to which Skin Color is associated with differential exposure to discrimination for a sample of 300 Black adults. Results revealed that dark-Skinned Blacks were 11 times more likely to experience frequent racial discrimination than their light-Skinned counterparts; 67% of subjects reporting high discrimination were dark-Skinned and only 8.5% were light-Skinned. These preliminary findings suggest that Skin Color indeed may be a marker for racial discrimination and highlight the need to assess discrimination in studies of the Skin Color-hypertension relationship.