The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Diego Rasskin-gutman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Random Loss and Selective Fusion of Bones Originate Morphological Complexity Trends in Tetrapod Skull Networks
Evolutionary Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Borja Esteve-altava, Hector Botella, Jesús Marugán-lobón, Diego Rasskin-gutmanAbstract:The tetrapod Skull has undergone a reduction in number of bones in all major lineages since the origin of vertebrates, an evolutionary trend known as Williston’s Law. Using connectivity relations between bones as a proxy for morphological complexity we showed that this reduction in number of bones generated an evolutionary trend toward more complex Skulls. This would imply that connectivity patterns among bones impose structural constraints on bone loss and fusion that increase bone burden due to the formation of new functional and developmental dependencies; thus, the higher the number of connections, the higher the burden. Here, we test this hypothesis by exploring plausible evolutionary scenarios based on selective versus random processes of bone loss and fusion. To do this, we have built a computational model that reduces iteratively the number of bones by loss and fusion, starting from hypothetical ancestral Skulls represented as Gabriel networks in which bones are nodes and suture connections are links. Simulation results indicate that losses and fusions of bones affect Skull structure differently whether they target bones at random or selectively depending on the number of bone connections. Our findings support a mixed scenario for Williston’s Law: the random loss of poorly connected bones and the selective fusion of the most connected ones. This evolutionary scenario offers a new explanation for the increase of morphological complexity in the tetrapod Skull by reduction of bones during development.
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Structural Constraints in the Evolution of the Tetrapod Skull Complexity: Williston’s Law Revisited Using Network Models
Evolutionary Biology, 2013Co-Authors: Borja Esteve-altava, Hector Botella, Jesús Marugán-lobón, Diego Rasskin-gutmanAbstract:Ever since the appearance of the first land vertebrates, the Skull has undergone a simplification by loss and fusion of bones in all major groups. This well-documented evolutionary trend is known as “Williston’s Law”. Both loss and fusion of bones are developmental events that generate, at large evolutionary scales, a net reduction in the number of Skull bones. We reassess this evolutionary trend by analyzing the patterns of Skull organization captured in network models in which nodes represent bones and links represent suture joints. We also evaluate the compensatory process of anisomerism (bone specialization) suggested to occur as a result of this reduction by quantifying the heterogeneity and the ratio of unpaired bones in real Skulls. Finally, we perform simulations to test the differential effect of bone losses in Skull evolution. We show that the reduction in bone number during evolution is accompanied by a trend toward a more complex organization, rather than toward simplification. Our results indicate that the processes by which bones are lost or fused during development are central to explain the evolution of the morphology of the Skull. Our simulations suggest that the evolutionary trend of increasing morphological complexity can be caused as a result of a structural constraint, the systematic loss of less connected bones during development.
Borja Esteve-altava - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Random Loss and Selective Fusion of Bones Originate Morphological Complexity Trends in Tetrapod Skull Networks
Evolutionary Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Borja Esteve-altava, Hector Botella, Jesús Marugán-lobón, Diego Rasskin-gutmanAbstract:The tetrapod Skull has undergone a reduction in number of bones in all major lineages since the origin of vertebrates, an evolutionary trend known as Williston’s Law. Using connectivity relations between bones as a proxy for morphological complexity we showed that this reduction in number of bones generated an evolutionary trend toward more complex Skulls. This would imply that connectivity patterns among bones impose structural constraints on bone loss and fusion that increase bone burden due to the formation of new functional and developmental dependencies; thus, the higher the number of connections, the higher the burden. Here, we test this hypothesis by exploring plausible evolutionary scenarios based on selective versus random processes of bone loss and fusion. To do this, we have built a computational model that reduces iteratively the number of bones by loss and fusion, starting from hypothetical ancestral Skulls represented as Gabriel networks in which bones are nodes and suture connections are links. Simulation results indicate that losses and fusions of bones affect Skull structure differently whether they target bones at random or selectively depending on the number of bone connections. Our findings support a mixed scenario for Williston’s Law: the random loss of poorly connected bones and the selective fusion of the most connected ones. This evolutionary scenario offers a new explanation for the increase of morphological complexity in the tetrapod Skull by reduction of bones during development.
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Structural Constraints in the Evolution of the Tetrapod Skull Complexity: Williston’s Law Revisited Using Network Models
Evolutionary Biology, 2013Co-Authors: Borja Esteve-altava, Hector Botella, Jesús Marugán-lobón, Diego Rasskin-gutmanAbstract:Ever since the appearance of the first land vertebrates, the Skull has undergone a simplification by loss and fusion of bones in all major groups. This well-documented evolutionary trend is known as “Williston’s Law”. Both loss and fusion of bones are developmental events that generate, at large evolutionary scales, a net reduction in the number of Skull bones. We reassess this evolutionary trend by analyzing the patterns of Skull organization captured in network models in which nodes represent bones and links represent suture joints. We also evaluate the compensatory process of anisomerism (bone specialization) suggested to occur as a result of this reduction by quantifying the heterogeneity and the ratio of unpaired bones in real Skulls. Finally, we perform simulations to test the differential effect of bone losses in Skull evolution. We show that the reduction in bone number during evolution is accompanied by a trend toward a more complex organization, rather than toward simplification. Our results indicate that the processes by which bones are lost or fused during development are central to explain the evolution of the morphology of the Skull. Our simulations suggest that the evolutionary trend of increasing morphological complexity can be caused as a result of a structural constraint, the systematic loss of less connected bones during development.
Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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thai human skeleton sex identifi cation by mastoid process measurement
Chiang Mai Medical Journal - เชียงใหม่เวชสาร, 2011Co-Authors: Sarawut Sujarittham, Karnda Vichairat, Pasuk MahakkanukrauhAbstract:The mastoid process has quite a high potential for sex identi fi cation and is a relatively strong part of the Skull. If the Skull is broken into pieces, the mastoid process often stays intact. Therefore, it is appropriate to use the mastoid to identify sex if the Skull is fractured or not intact. This study tried to establish the discrimination functions for identifying sex from the Thai population based on width and height of the mastoid. Then, these functions were tested with Skulls in a test group to determine the percentage of correct classi fi cation. This study found that two functions have the highest sex classi fi cation at 78% accuracy (two and four variables). Others ranges from 66% to 76%. Chiang Mai Medical Journal 2011;50(2):43-50
Hector Botella - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Random Loss and Selective Fusion of Bones Originate Morphological Complexity Trends in Tetrapod Skull Networks
Evolutionary Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Borja Esteve-altava, Hector Botella, Jesús Marugán-lobón, Diego Rasskin-gutmanAbstract:The tetrapod Skull has undergone a reduction in number of bones in all major lineages since the origin of vertebrates, an evolutionary trend known as Williston’s Law. Using connectivity relations between bones as a proxy for morphological complexity we showed that this reduction in number of bones generated an evolutionary trend toward more complex Skulls. This would imply that connectivity patterns among bones impose structural constraints on bone loss and fusion that increase bone burden due to the formation of new functional and developmental dependencies; thus, the higher the number of connections, the higher the burden. Here, we test this hypothesis by exploring plausible evolutionary scenarios based on selective versus random processes of bone loss and fusion. To do this, we have built a computational model that reduces iteratively the number of bones by loss and fusion, starting from hypothetical ancestral Skulls represented as Gabriel networks in which bones are nodes and suture connections are links. Simulation results indicate that losses and fusions of bones affect Skull structure differently whether they target bones at random or selectively depending on the number of bone connections. Our findings support a mixed scenario for Williston’s Law: the random loss of poorly connected bones and the selective fusion of the most connected ones. This evolutionary scenario offers a new explanation for the increase of morphological complexity in the tetrapod Skull by reduction of bones during development.
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structural constraints in the evolution of the tetrapod Skull complexity williston s law revisited using network models
Evolutionary Biology-new York, 2013Co-Authors: Borja Estevealtava, Jesus Maruganlobon, Hector Botella, Diego RasskingutmanAbstract:Ever since the appearance of the first land vertebrates, the Skull has undergone a simplification by loss and fusion of bones in all major groups. This well-documented evolutionary trend is known as “Williston’s Law”. Both loss and fusion of bones are developmental events that generate, at large evolutionary scales, a net reduction in the number of Skull bones. We reassess this evolutionary trend by analyzing the patterns of Skull organization captured in network models in which nodes represent bones and links represent suture joints. We also evaluate the compensatory process of anisomerism (bone specialization) suggested to occur as a result of this reduction by quantifying the heterogeneity and the ratio of unpaired bones in real Skulls. Finally, we perform simulations to test the differential effect of bone losses in Skull evolution. We show that the reduction in bone number during evolution is accompanied by a trend toward a more complex organization, rather than toward simplification. Our results indicate that the processes by which bones are lost or fused during development are central to explain the evolution of the morphology of the Skull. Our simulations suggest that the evolutionary trend of increasing morphological complexity can be caused as a result of a structural constraint, the systematic loss of less connected bones during development.
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Structural Constraints in the Evolution of the Tetrapod Skull Complexity: Williston’s Law Revisited Using Network Models
Evolutionary Biology, 2013Co-Authors: Borja Esteve-altava, Hector Botella, Jesús Marugán-lobón, Diego Rasskin-gutmanAbstract:Ever since the appearance of the first land vertebrates, the Skull has undergone a simplification by loss and fusion of bones in all major groups. This well-documented evolutionary trend is known as “Williston’s Law”. Both loss and fusion of bones are developmental events that generate, at large evolutionary scales, a net reduction in the number of Skull bones. We reassess this evolutionary trend by analyzing the patterns of Skull organization captured in network models in which nodes represent bones and links represent suture joints. We also evaluate the compensatory process of anisomerism (bone specialization) suggested to occur as a result of this reduction by quantifying the heterogeneity and the ratio of unpaired bones in real Skulls. Finally, we perform simulations to test the differential effect of bone losses in Skull evolution. We show that the reduction in bone number during evolution is accompanied by a trend toward a more complex organization, rather than toward simplification. Our results indicate that the processes by which bones are lost or fused during development are central to explain the evolution of the morphology of the Skull. Our simulations suggest that the evolutionary trend of increasing morphological complexity can be caused as a result of a structural constraint, the systematic loss of less connected bones during development.
Jesús Marugán-lobón - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Random Loss and Selective Fusion of Bones Originate Morphological Complexity Trends in Tetrapod Skull Networks
Evolutionary Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Borja Esteve-altava, Hector Botella, Jesús Marugán-lobón, Diego Rasskin-gutmanAbstract:The tetrapod Skull has undergone a reduction in number of bones in all major lineages since the origin of vertebrates, an evolutionary trend known as Williston’s Law. Using connectivity relations between bones as a proxy for morphological complexity we showed that this reduction in number of bones generated an evolutionary trend toward more complex Skulls. This would imply that connectivity patterns among bones impose structural constraints on bone loss and fusion that increase bone burden due to the formation of new functional and developmental dependencies; thus, the higher the number of connections, the higher the burden. Here, we test this hypothesis by exploring plausible evolutionary scenarios based on selective versus random processes of bone loss and fusion. To do this, we have built a computational model that reduces iteratively the number of bones by loss and fusion, starting from hypothetical ancestral Skulls represented as Gabriel networks in which bones are nodes and suture connections are links. Simulation results indicate that losses and fusions of bones affect Skull structure differently whether they target bones at random or selectively depending on the number of bone connections. Our findings support a mixed scenario for Williston’s Law: the random loss of poorly connected bones and the selective fusion of the most connected ones. This evolutionary scenario offers a new explanation for the increase of morphological complexity in the tetrapod Skull by reduction of bones during development.
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Structural Constraints in the Evolution of the Tetrapod Skull Complexity: Williston’s Law Revisited Using Network Models
Evolutionary Biology, 2013Co-Authors: Borja Esteve-altava, Hector Botella, Jesús Marugán-lobón, Diego Rasskin-gutmanAbstract:Ever since the appearance of the first land vertebrates, the Skull has undergone a simplification by loss and fusion of bones in all major groups. This well-documented evolutionary trend is known as “Williston’s Law”. Both loss and fusion of bones are developmental events that generate, at large evolutionary scales, a net reduction in the number of Skull bones. We reassess this evolutionary trend by analyzing the patterns of Skull organization captured in network models in which nodes represent bones and links represent suture joints. We also evaluate the compensatory process of anisomerism (bone specialization) suggested to occur as a result of this reduction by quantifying the heterogeneity and the ratio of unpaired bones in real Skulls. Finally, we perform simulations to test the differential effect of bone losses in Skull evolution. We show that the reduction in bone number during evolution is accompanied by a trend toward a more complex organization, rather than toward simplification. Our results indicate that the processes by which bones are lost or fused during development are central to explain the evolution of the morphology of the Skull. Our simulations suggest that the evolutionary trend of increasing morphological complexity can be caused as a result of a structural constraint, the systematic loss of less connected bones during development.
