The Experts below are selected from a list of 1623 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Nicole M Vittoz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • hypocretin orexin in Arousal and stress
    Brain Research, 2010
    Co-Authors: Craig W Berridge, Rodrigo A Espana, Nicole M Vittoz
    Abstract:

    Multiple lines of evidence indicate that hypocretin/orexin (HCRT) participates in the regulation of Arousal and Arousal-related process. For example, HCRT axons and receptors are found within a variety of Arousal-related systems. Moreover, when administered centrally, HCRT exerts robust wake-promoting actions. Finally, a dysregulation of HCRT neurotransmission is associated with the Sleep/Arousal Disorder, narcolepsy. Combined, these observations suggested that HCRT might be a key transmitter system in the regulation of waking. Nonetheless, subsequent evidence indicates that HCRT may not play a prominent role in the initiation of normal waking. Instead HCRT may participate in a variety of processes such as consolidation of waking and/or coupling metabolic state with behavioral state. Additionally, substantial evidence suggests a potential involvement of HCRT in high-Arousal conditions, including stress. Thus, HCRT neurotransmission is closely linked to high-Arousal conditions, including stress, and HCRT administration exerts a variety of stress-like physiological and behavioral effects that are superimposed on HCRT-induced increases in Arousal. Combined, this evidence suggests the hypothesis that HCRT may participate in behavioral responding under high-Arousal aversive conditions. Importantly, these actions of HCRT may not be limited to stress. Like stress, appetitive conditions are associated with elevated Arousal levels and a stress-like activation of various physiological systems. These and other observations suggest that HCRT may, at least in part, exert affectively neutral actions that are important under high-Arousal conditions associated with elevated motivation and/or need for action.

Craig W Berridge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • hypocretin orexin in Arousal and stress
    Brain Research, 2010
    Co-Authors: Craig W Berridge, Rodrigo A Espana, Nicole M Vittoz
    Abstract:

    Multiple lines of evidence indicate that hypocretin/orexin (HCRT) participates in the regulation of Arousal and Arousal-related process. For example, HCRT axons and receptors are found within a variety of Arousal-related systems. Moreover, when administered centrally, HCRT exerts robust wake-promoting actions. Finally, a dysregulation of HCRT neurotransmission is associated with the Sleep/Arousal Disorder, narcolepsy. Combined, these observations suggested that HCRT might be a key transmitter system in the regulation of waking. Nonetheless, subsequent evidence indicates that HCRT may not play a prominent role in the initiation of normal waking. Instead HCRT may participate in a variety of processes such as consolidation of waking and/or coupling metabolic state with behavioral state. Additionally, substantial evidence suggests a potential involvement of HCRT in high-Arousal conditions, including stress. Thus, HCRT neurotransmission is closely linked to high-Arousal conditions, including stress, and HCRT administration exerts a variety of stress-like physiological and behavioral effects that are superimposed on HCRT-induced increases in Arousal. Combined, this evidence suggests the hypothesis that HCRT may participate in behavioral responding under high-Arousal aversive conditions. Importantly, these actions of HCRT may not be limited to stress. Like stress, appetitive conditions are associated with elevated Arousal levels and a stress-like activation of various physiological systems. These and other observations suggest that HCRT may, at least in part, exert affectively neutral actions that are important under high-Arousal conditions associated with elevated motivation and/or need for action.

Bower, Joanne L. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Sleep Disorders
    John Wiley and Sons, 2017
    Co-Authors: Alfano, Candice A., Bower, Joanne L.
    Abstract:

    Sleep complaints are common in the general population and highly prevalent among individuals seeking mental health services. The most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013) categorizes Sleep Disorders into 10 Disorders or Disorder groups, including: (1) insomnia Disorder; (2) hypersomnolence Disorder; (3) narcolepsy; (4) breathing-related Sleep Disorders; (5) circadian rhythm Sleep-wake Disorders; (6) non-rapid eye movement (NREM) Sleep Arousal Disorder; (7) nightmare Disorder; (8) rapid eye movement (REM) Sleep behavior Disorder; (9) restless legs syndrome; and (10) substance/medication-induced Sleep Disorder. Notably, the Sleep-Wake Disorders section included in DSM-5 represent a considerable expansion in contrast to the previous DSM edition (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000), which included only four broad Sleep Disorder categories. DSM-5 also pays more attention to co-existing conditions, emphasizing the need for Sleep-directed clinical intervention even when a comorbid medical or mental Disorder is present. These significant changes are reflective of the abundance of Sleep-focused research conducted within the past decade. Although mental health researchers and practitioners tend to be most familiar with DSM classifications, the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 3rd edition (ICSD-3; American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2014) is commonly used within the field of Sleep medicine. The ICSD-3, provides characteristics and diagnostic criteria for over 60 Sleep Disorders organized into six major categories. In addition to a greater breadth of conditions than provided by the DSM-5, the ICSD-3 also provides information on validated assessments and treatments. Since the focus of this chapter is to highlight Sleep Disorders relevant to mental health professionals, our review focuses on DSM-5 Sleep-wake Disorders most likely to present in clinical practice. We begin with a brief introduction to healthy Sleep and its measurement followed by presentation of six specific Sleep Disorders: insomnia, hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm Disorders, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) Sleep Disorders, nightmare Disorder, and rapid eye movement (REM) Sleep behavior Disorder. Information is provided regarding diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, etiology, and comorbid medical and psychological factors. We conclude with a diagnostic case example of a patient experiencing both nightmares and insomnia

Rodrigo A Espana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • hypocretin orexin in Arousal and stress
    Brain Research, 2010
    Co-Authors: Craig W Berridge, Rodrigo A Espana, Nicole M Vittoz
    Abstract:

    Multiple lines of evidence indicate that hypocretin/orexin (HCRT) participates in the regulation of Arousal and Arousal-related process. For example, HCRT axons and receptors are found within a variety of Arousal-related systems. Moreover, when administered centrally, HCRT exerts robust wake-promoting actions. Finally, a dysregulation of HCRT neurotransmission is associated with the Sleep/Arousal Disorder, narcolepsy. Combined, these observations suggested that HCRT might be a key transmitter system in the regulation of waking. Nonetheless, subsequent evidence indicates that HCRT may not play a prominent role in the initiation of normal waking. Instead HCRT may participate in a variety of processes such as consolidation of waking and/or coupling metabolic state with behavioral state. Additionally, substantial evidence suggests a potential involvement of HCRT in high-Arousal conditions, including stress. Thus, HCRT neurotransmission is closely linked to high-Arousal conditions, including stress, and HCRT administration exerts a variety of stress-like physiological and behavioral effects that are superimposed on HCRT-induced increases in Arousal. Combined, this evidence suggests the hypothesis that HCRT may participate in behavioral responding under high-Arousal aversive conditions. Importantly, these actions of HCRT may not be limited to stress. Like stress, appetitive conditions are associated with elevated Arousal levels and a stress-like activation of various physiological systems. These and other observations suggest that HCRT may, at least in part, exert affectively neutral actions that are important under high-Arousal conditions associated with elevated motivation and/or need for action.

Alfano, Candice A. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Sleep Disorders
    John Wiley and Sons, 2017
    Co-Authors: Alfano, Candice A., Bower, Joanne L.
    Abstract:

    Sleep complaints are common in the general population and highly prevalent among individuals seeking mental health services. The most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013) categorizes Sleep Disorders into 10 Disorders or Disorder groups, including: (1) insomnia Disorder; (2) hypersomnolence Disorder; (3) narcolepsy; (4) breathing-related Sleep Disorders; (5) circadian rhythm Sleep-wake Disorders; (6) non-rapid eye movement (NREM) Sleep Arousal Disorder; (7) nightmare Disorder; (8) rapid eye movement (REM) Sleep behavior Disorder; (9) restless legs syndrome; and (10) substance/medication-induced Sleep Disorder. Notably, the Sleep-Wake Disorders section included in DSM-5 represent a considerable expansion in contrast to the previous DSM edition (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000), which included only four broad Sleep Disorder categories. DSM-5 also pays more attention to co-existing conditions, emphasizing the need for Sleep-directed clinical intervention even when a comorbid medical or mental Disorder is present. These significant changes are reflective of the abundance of Sleep-focused research conducted within the past decade. Although mental health researchers and practitioners tend to be most familiar with DSM classifications, the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 3rd edition (ICSD-3; American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2014) is commonly used within the field of Sleep medicine. The ICSD-3, provides characteristics and diagnostic criteria for over 60 Sleep Disorders organized into six major categories. In addition to a greater breadth of conditions than provided by the DSM-5, the ICSD-3 also provides information on validated assessments and treatments. Since the focus of this chapter is to highlight Sleep Disorders relevant to mental health professionals, our review focuses on DSM-5 Sleep-wake Disorders most likely to present in clinical practice. We begin with a brief introduction to healthy Sleep and its measurement followed by presentation of six specific Sleep Disorders: insomnia, hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm Disorders, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) Sleep Disorders, nightmare Disorder, and rapid eye movement (REM) Sleep behavior Disorder. Information is provided regarding diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, etiology, and comorbid medical and psychological factors. We conclude with a diagnostic case example of a patient experiencing both nightmares and insomnia