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United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Reclamation - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Appendices to Pacific Water Plan Review Draft
2006Co-Authors: United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of ReclamationAbstract:Document: Appendices to Pacific Southwest Water Plan Review Draft "Bureau of Mines Appendix", August 1963, page 1914. Report to the Panel on Civilian Technology on Coal Slurry Pipelines. Dept. of the Interior, May 1, 1962, Approx. 200 pp. 15. Ritchings, F. A., and R. R. Bennett. Peak-Load Energy at Low Incremental Cost. Electric Light and Power, August 15, 1960. 16. Saline Water Conversion: A Program to Develop a New Source of Fresh Water. U.S. Dept. of Interior, Office of Saline Water, 32 pp. 17. Stormont, D. H. Refiners Make Good Use of Fresh-Water Supplies. The Oil and Gas J., February 25, 1963, 8 pp. 18. Working Material for Departmental Task Force on Lower Colorado River Project. U.S. BurReclamation Rept., June 7, 1963, 42 pp. (not published). -19-Epson Perfection 4870 Photo, 400 dpi, 8 bit, 2,627,841 byte
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Chapter V - Power Requirements, Sources, and Markets
2006Co-Authors: United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of ReclamationAbstract:Document: Chapter V, Power requirements, Sources, and Markets: "Pacific Southwest Water Plan", August 1963, page 4increase in thermal generation capacity. The Colorado River has a remaining potential of only about 4,000 megawatts available for further development. The proposed Bridge Canyon and Marble Canyon powerplants would develop 2,100 megawatts, with the remainder at other undeveloped sites. Pacific Northwest and, possibly, Alaskan hydroelectric power transmitted over direct-current lines offers the only other substantial hydroelectric potential to serve a portion of the future projected load. Future economics and technological developments will determine the extent to which these potential sources may participate. Thermoelectric--The major portion of the future electrical energy demand in the Pacific Southwest will be generated by thermoelectric plants. In the future, thermal units in Arizona probably will utilize coal or gas. Thermal units in southern California will probably continue to use local and imported gas and oil in the future. In the Pacific Southwest, the possibility exists that western coal will be transported to the load centers by means of coal Slurry Pipelines or unitized trains. It is foreseen that nuclear generation will become a major source of energy by 1985. Reserves of fossil fuels are more than adequate to meet foreseeable future power needs. Estimated proven reserves of natural gas in California, as of 1961, were 9.1 trillion cubic feet. Interconnected fields in the Rocky Mountain States and Texas contained an estimated 143 trillion cubic feet in 1960. Tied-in Pipelines make at least a portion of the total quantity available to the Pacific Southwest area. Proven reserves of crude petroleum in California, as of 1961, were 3.9 billion barrels. Although other Western States' oil reserves could be tapped, oil is not expected to play a vigorous role in the expanding thermal generation field. While California has only 47 million tons of coal and lignite, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah have a combined bituminous coal reserve of 85 billion tons. Arizona's undertermined coal reserves are indicated to be substantial. Coal-fired plants are being constructed near the source of coal in northwestern New Mexico and northwestern Colorado, and will use extra high voltage transmission lines to deliver the power to the market area. Another unit will burn coal from the southern Utah fields to serve the southern Nevada electric load. Nuclear power is now becoming part of the power producing plants in the Southwest. An experimental plant of 7,500 kilowatt capacity is in operation near Chatsworth, California. Construction on a 395,000 kilowatt plant is anticipated in the near future at Camp Pendleton, California, and another California coast plant with 462,000 kilowatt capacity is in the planning stage. V-4Epson Perfection 4870 Photo, 400 dpi, 8 bit, 2,302,051 byte
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Report August 1963
2006Co-Authors: United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of ReclamationAbstract:Document: Pacific Southwest Water Plan "Printed Copy" Chapter V, August 26 ,1963 page 4increase in thermal generation capacity. The Colorado River has a remaining potential of only about 4,000 megawatts available for further development. The proposed Bridge Canyon and Marble Canyon powerplants would develop 2,100 megawatts, with the remainder at other undeveloped sites. pacific Northwest and, possibly, Alaskan hydroelectric power transmitted over direct-current lines offers the only other substantial hydroelectric potential to serve a portion of the future projected load. Future economics and technological developments will determine the extent to which these potential sources may participate. Thermoelectric--The major portion of the future electrical energy demand in the Pacific Southwest will be generated by thermoelectric plants. In the future, thermal units in Arizona probably will utilize coal or gas. Thermal units in southern California will probably continue to use local and imported gas and oil in the future. In the Pacific Southwest, the possibility exists that western coal will be transported to the load centers by means of coal Slurry Pipelines or unitized trains. It is foreseen that nuclear generation will become a major source of energy by 1985. Reserves of fossil fuels are more than adequate to meet foreseeable future power needs. Estimated proven reserves of natural gas in California, as of 1961, were 9.1 trillion cubic feet. Interconnected fields in the Rocky Mountain States and Texas contained an estimated 143 trillion cubic feet in 1960. Tied-in Pipelines make at least a portion of the total quantity available to the Pacific Southwest area. Proven reserves of crude petroleum in California, as of 1961, were 3.9 billion barrels. Although other Western States'oil reserves could be tapped, oil is not expected to play a vigorous role in the expanding thermal generation field. While California has only 47 million tons of coal and lignite, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah have a combined bituminous coal reserve of 85 billion tons. Arizona's undetermined coal reserves are indicated to be substantial. Coal-fired plants are being constructed near the source of coal in northwestern New Mexico and northwestern Colorado, and will use extra high voltage transmission lines to deliver the power to the market area. Another unit will burn coal from the southern Utah fields to serve the southern Nevada electric load. Nuclear power is now becoming part of the power producing plants in the Southwest. An experimental plant of 7,500 kilowatt capacity is in operation near Chatsworth, California. Construction on a 395,000 kilowatt plant is anticipated in the near future at Camp Pendleton, California, and another California coast plant with 462,000 kilowatt capacity is in the planning stage. V-4Epson Perfection 4870 Photo, 400 dpi, 8 bit, 1,266,996 byte
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan August 1963
2006Co-Authors: United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of ReclamationAbstract:Document: "Pacific Southwest Water Plan- Corrected to 8/19" Chapter V, August 19, 1964, page 4increase in thermal generation capacity. The Colorado River has a remaining potential of only about 4,000 megawatts available for further development. The proposed Bridge Canyon and Marble Canyon powerplants would develop 2,100 megawatts, with the remainder at other undeveloped sites. Pacific Northwest and, possibly, Alaskan hydroelectric power transmitted over direct-current lines offers the only other substantial hydroelectric potential to serve a portion of the future projected load. Future economics and technological developments will determine the extent to which these potential sources may participate. Thermoelectric--The major portion of the future electrical energy demand in the Pacific Southwest will be generated by thermoelectric plants. In the future, thermal units in Arizona probably will utilize coal or gas. Thermal units in southern California will probably continue to use local and imported gas and oil in the future. In the Pacific Southwest, the possibility exists that western coal will be transported to the load centers by means of coal Slurry Pipelines or unitized trains. It is foreseen that nuclear generation will become a major source of energy by 1985. Reserves of fossil fuels are more than adequate to meet foreseeable future power needs. Estimated proven reserves of natural gas in California, as of 1961, were 9.1 trillion cubic feet. Interconnected fileds in the Rocky Mountain States and Texas contained an estimated 143 trillion cubic feet in 1960. Tied-in Pipelines make at least a portion of the total quantity available to the Pacific Southwest area. Proven reserves of crude petroleum in California, as of 1961, were 3.9 billion barrels. Although other Western States' oil reserves could be tapped, oil is not expected to play a vigorous role in the expanding thermal generation field. While California has only 47 million tons of coal and lignite, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah have a combined bituminous coal reserve of 85 billion tons. Arizona's undetermined coal reserves are indicated to be substantial. Coal-fired plants are being constructed near the source of coal in northwestern New Mexico and northwestern Colorado, and will use extra high voltage transmission lines to deliver the power to the market area. Another unit will burn coal from the southern Utah fields to serve the southern Nevada electric load. Nuclear power is now becoming part of the power producing plants in the Southwest. An experimental plant of 7,500 kilowatt capacity is in operation near Chatsworth, California. Construction on a 395,000 kilowatt plant is anticipated in the near future at Camp Pendleton, California, and another California coast plant with 462,000 kilowatt capacity is in the planning stage. V-4Epson Perfection 4870 Photo, 400 dpi, 8 bit, 1,257,013 byte
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Appendices to Pacific Water Plan Review Draft
2006Co-Authors: United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of ReclamationAbstract:Document: Appendices to Pacific Southwest Water Plan Review Draft "Bureau of Mines Appendix", August 1963, page 12POWER REQUIREMENTS AND SOURCES Although the lower Colorado River Basin's population will increase linearly (Fig. 1), its power requirements will increase exponentially (Fig. 5) as energy use per capita continues to grow. Electrical requirements will increase from about 44.3 billion kwh in 1960 to 171.5 billion kwh by 1980 (Fig. 5 and Table 3) and may exceed 700 billion kwh by 2000 (Fig. 5). Hydroelectric capacity will continue to grow but its relative importance will be dwarfed by the increase in thermal generation capacity. Most thermal generation units in the Arizona area will utilize coal or gas. Coal will become the dominant source of energy by 2000. In the southern California area the situation is different. Despite large local reserves of oil and gas and the possibility of Western coal being transported to the load centers by means of coal Slurry Pipelines or integral trains, nuclear generation will become the major source of energy by 1985. Table 4 shows the predicted relationship of energy sources in the State of California. Because of air pollution regulations, nuclear generation will be encouraged to develop even more rapidly in southern California. Reserves of fossil fuels are more than adequate to meet foreseeable future power needs. Estimated proved reserves of natural gas in California, as of 1961, were 9.1 trillion cubic feet (Ref. 12). Interconnected fields in the Mountain States and Texas contained an estimated 143 trillion cubic feet in 1960 (Ref. 7). Tied-in Pipelines make at least a portion of the total quantity available to the Lower Colorado River Basin area. Assuming 1075 Btu/cubic foot of natural gas and 34% (Ref. 15) efficiency (future thermal plants will be even more efficient, thereby decreasing fuel demands), only 6.5 trillion cubic feet of gas would be required to generate the 700 billion kwh energy requirement predicted for 2000. Of course, not all of the power requirement will be met by utilizing natural gas energy. Proved reserves of crude petroleum in California, as of 1961, were 3.9 billion barrels (Ref. 12). At 6 million Btu per barrel and 34-1/2% efficiency (Ref. 15) the 700 billion kwh year 2000 requirement is equivalent to about 1.1 billion barrels of oil. Although other Western States' oil reserves could be tapped, oil is not expected to play a vigorous role in the expanding thermal generation field (Table 4). While California has only 47 million tons of coal and lignite (Ref. 1), Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah have a combined bituminous coal reserve of 85 billion tons (Ref. 7). Assuming 25 million Btu per short ton of bituminous coal and 35% efficiency (Ref. 15), only about 270 million tons of bituminous coal would be consumed in generating the 700 billion kwh year 2000 requirement. -12-Epson Perfection 4870 Photo, 400 dpi, 8 bit, 2,885,161 byte
Sayeed Rushd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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terminal settling velocity of a single sphere in drilling fluid
Particulate Science and Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Sayeed Rushd, Ibrahim HassanAbstract:AbstractThe accurate prediction of terminal settling velocity of solid spheres in non-Newtonian liquids is important for various fluid-particle systems such as Slurry Pipelines, separation processe...
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terminal settling velocity of a single sphere in drilling fluid
Particulate Science and Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Sayeed Rushd, Ibrahim HassanAbstract:The accurate prediction of terminal settling velocity of solid spheres in non-Newtonian liquids is important for various fluid-particle systems such as Slurry Pipelines, separation processes, hole-...
Harkirat Kaur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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design of Slurry transportation pipeline for the flow of muti particulate coal ash suspension
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017Co-Authors: Mani Kanwar Singh, Dwarikanath Ratha, Satish Kumar, Harkirat KaurAbstract:Abstract In the thermal power plants, fly ash is normally transported through Slurry Pipelines to the ash ponds. The objective is to study the possibility of transporting coal fly ash suspension at higher solid concentrations with and without coal bottom ash addition. The physical, chemical and rheological characteristics of the coal fly and coal bottom ash have been determined at different solid concentrations. The solid concentration of coal fly and coal bottom ash suspension was ranges between 10 and 60% (by weight). The coal bottom ash is mixed with coal fly ash with 10, 20 and 30% of solid concentration (by weight). It is perceived that the coal fly ash fine particles are spherical in shape whereas coal bottom ash particles are irregular and coarser in nature which leads to more drag effect in Slurry Pipelines. The addition of coarser coal bottom ash particles in finer coal fly ash improves the rheological characteristics of coal fly ash Slurry suspension. The optimum reduction in relative viscosity of fly ash was found with 20% proportion of bottom ash mixture. The investigation reveals that fly ash suspension in above manner has a potential to transport in Slurry pipeline with minimum energy consumptions.
V Seshadri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cfd analysis of the performance of elbow meter with high concentration coal ash slurries
Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 2020Co-Authors: Anubhav Rawat, S N Singh, V SeshadriAbstract:Abstract Elbow meter is a simple flow measuring device and its characteristics for the flow of single-phase fluids are reasonably well understood and the functional dependence of elbow meter coefficient (Ck) on parameters like Reynolds Number, radius ratio, pipe roughness etc. Is well documented in literature. Elbow meters are also being used for solid liquid flow in many industries. The present study aims to establish the characteristics of an elbow meter for high concentration coal ash Slurry Pipelines using validated CFD. High concentration coal ash slurries are known to behave as homogeneous fluids exhibiting behavior as Bingham plastic fluids. The validated CFD methodology has been used to predict the values of Ck for the flow of Bingham plastic fluid and establish its dependence on radius ratio, Hedstrom Number and Bingham Reynolds Number. Further, for the flow of high concentration fly ash Slurry flows, Ck for any given radius ratio is observed to be independent of Hedstrom Number (over the range investigated He ≤ 105). Further, in fully turbulent flows, beyond a critical Reynolds number (ReB ≥ 5.3 × 103), Ck remains constant and is dependent only on the radius ratio.
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effect of particle gradation on flow characteristics of ash disposal Pipelines
Powder Technology, 2003Co-Authors: U Kumar, S N Singh, Rakesh Mishra, V SeshadriAbstract:Pressure drop and concentration distribution studies for the flow of multi-sized solid–liquid flow through Slurry Pipelines has been carried out over a wide range of efflux concentrations and mixtures of solids having different particle size distributions. The particle size effect on pressure drop has been analyzed through the measured solid distribution pattern in the pipeline. An integral flow model has been used for prediction of the pressure drop and solids distribution under various conditions. The model has been used to predict the optimum particle size distribution that gives the minimum specific energy consumption.
Dwarikanath Ratha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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synergistic effect of the addition of tio2 feedstock on solid particle erosion of ni al2o3 and ni cr2o3 coatings
Wear, 2019Co-Authors: Varinder Singh, Satish Kumar, Dwarikanath RathaAbstract:Abstract Pipelines are widely used for transportation of solids in many chemical and mining industries. Erosion wear is considered as one of the important parameters which play a significant role in Slurry transportation system by affecting both initial cost and life of Slurry Pipelines. Erosion wear of pipeline is not only important from the design aspect but also from the equipment performance, reliability and operational durability. In the present work, erosion wear due to solid-liquid mixture has been investigated using a Slurry erosion pot tester. The erosion tests have been conducted on pipeline material Mild steel (M.S.) to establish the influence of rotational speed, particle size, solid concentration and time duration. Sand was taken as the erodent material with solid concentrations ranging from 10 to 40% (by weight). The experiments were performed at four different speeds such as 750, 1000, 1250 and 1500 rpm with time duration of 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. In the present study, 5% TiO2 feedstock powder was blended with 80Ni-15Cr2O3 and 80Ni-15Al2O3 coating powders to increase their erosion wear resistance. Coating powders are deposited on pipeline material by thermal spray HVOF coating. Experimental results indicate that erosion wear has a high dependence on rotational speed, time duration and nature of erodent solid particles. Significant improvement in erosion wear resistance was also observed with the addition of 5% Titanium dioxide (TiO2) feedstock powder. 80Ni-15Cr2O3–5TiO2 coating shows better performance against solid particle erosion as compared to 80Ni-15Al2O3–5TiO2. The results are compared with uncoated mild steel pipeline material.
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design of Slurry transportation pipeline for the flow of muti particulate coal ash suspension
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017Co-Authors: Mani Kanwar Singh, Dwarikanath Ratha, Satish Kumar, Harkirat KaurAbstract:Abstract In the thermal power plants, fly ash is normally transported through Slurry Pipelines to the ash ponds. The objective is to study the possibility of transporting coal fly ash suspension at higher solid concentrations with and without coal bottom ash addition. The physical, chemical and rheological characteristics of the coal fly and coal bottom ash have been determined at different solid concentrations. The solid concentration of coal fly and coal bottom ash suspension was ranges between 10 and 60% (by weight). The coal bottom ash is mixed with coal fly ash with 10, 20 and 30% of solid concentration (by weight). It is perceived that the coal fly ash fine particles are spherical in shape whereas coal bottom ash particles are irregular and coarser in nature which leads to more drag effect in Slurry Pipelines. The addition of coarser coal bottom ash particles in finer coal fly ash improves the rheological characteristics of coal fly ash Slurry suspension. The optimum reduction in relative viscosity of fly ash was found with 20% proportion of bottom ash mixture. The investigation reveals that fly ash suspension in above manner has a potential to transport in Slurry pipeline with minimum energy consumptions.