The Experts below are selected from a list of 2895 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yongming Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Influence of high altitude on the burning behaviour of typical combustibles and the related responses of Smoke Detectors in compartments.
Royal Society open science, 2018Co-Authors: Yi Zeng, Jun Fang, Yongming ZhangAbstract:The effect of altitude on typical combustible burning and related Smoke Detector response signals was investigated by comparison experiments at altitudes of 40 m and 3650 m based on EN54 standard tests. Point-type light scattering photoelectric Smoke Detectors and ionization Smoke Detectors were used for four kinds of EN54 fire tests, including two kinds of smouldering fires with wood (test fire no. 2 in EN54 standard or TF2) and cotton (TF3), and two kinds of flaming fires with polyurethane (TF4) and n -heptane (TF5). First, the influence of altitude or ambient pressure on mass loss for smouldering combustion (TF2 or TF3) was insignificant, while a significant decrease in the mass burning rate was found for flaming tests (TF4 and TF5) as reported in our previous studies. Second, for photoelectric Smoke Detectors in flaming fire tests, the effect of altitude was similar to that of the burning rate, whereas for the ionization Smoke Detectors, the response signal at high altitudes was shown to be ‘enhanced’ by the detection principle of the ionization chamber, leading to an even larger value than at normal altitude for smouldering conditions. Third, to provide a reference for Smoke Detector design in high-altitude areas, the differences between signal speed in rising and peak values at two locations are discussed. Also, relationship between ion chamber signals and Smoke optical densities are presented by utilization of an ionization Smoke Detector and Smoke concentration meter. Moreover, a hierarchical diagram is illustrated to provide a better understanding of the effects of altitude on combustible burning behaviour and the mechanisms of Detector response.
-
Comparison of TF2; Comparison of TF3; Comparison of the TF4; Comparison of the TF5 from Influence of high altitude on the burning behaviour of typical combustibles and the related responses of Smoke Detectors in compartments
2018Co-Authors: Yi Zeng, Jun Fang, Yongming ZhangAbstract:Mass variation, response signals of Pho Smoke Detectors and Ion Smoke Detectors; Response signals of Pho Smoke Detectors and Ion Smoke Detectors;mass variation, burning rate, and response signals of Pho Smoke Detectors and Ion Smoke Detectors; Burning rate, response signals of Pho Smoke Detectors and Ion Smoke Detector
-
A prediction model of point-type Smoke Detector response signal variation in high altitude area
2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Jun Fang, Yi Zeng, Jingfu Guan, Yongming ZhangAbstract:The response signal trends of ordinary ionization and photoelectric Detectors under high altitude area were predicted using a simple model. The analysis results showed that the response trend varied with the pressure at 2nd power law for ionization Detector, and 4th power law for photoelectric Detector, which indicates that the signal performance of point-type Smoke Detector decreased with increasing altitude based on the same test fire source, and the main reason is the influence of air pressure on the burning behavior of material. Pool fires experiments were conducted in Hefei and Lhasa by ISO Detector test method, TF 4 and TF 5 experimental results was consistent with the theory well, it means, to achieve the same ability or performantce as normal pressure condition, the engineering parameters such as alarm threshold of Smoke Detector should be adjusted properly for low pressure condition. While error appeared during small size pool fire test for the weaken of Smoke accumulation under ceiling. This simple prediction model could be as a reference in the design of Smoke Detector for high altitude area.
Troy Martin Hughes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
will you smell Smoke when your data are on fire the sas Smoke Detector installing a scalable quality control dashboard for transactional and persistent data
2014Co-Authors: Troy Martin HughesAbstract:Smoke Detectors operate by comparing actual air quality to expected air quality standards and immediately alerting occupants when Smoke or particle levels exceed established thresholds. Just as rapid identification of Smoke (i.e, poor air quality) can detect harmful fire and facilitate its early extinguishment, rapid detection of poor quality data can highlight data entry or ingestion errors, faulty logic, insufficient or inaccurate business rules, or process failure. Aspects of data quality—such as availability, completeness, correctness, and timeliness—together should be assessed against stated requirements that account for the scope, objective, and intended use of data products. A single outlier, an accidentally locked data set, or even subtle modifications to a data structure can cause a robust extract transform load (ETL) infrastructure to grind to a halt or produce invalid results. Thus, a mature data infrastructure should incorporate quality assurance methods that facilitate robust processing and quality data products, as well as quality control methods that monitor and validate data products against their stated requirements. The SAS Smoke Detector represents a scalable, generalizable solution that assesses the availability, completeness, and structure of persistent SAS data sets, ideal for finished data products or transactional data sets received with standardized frequency and format. Like a Smoke Detector, the quality control dashboard is not intended to discover the source of the blaze, but rather to sound an alarm to stakeholders that data have been modified, locked, deleted, or otherwise corrupted. Through rapid detection and response, both the fidelity of data is increased as well as the responsiveness of developers to threats to data quality and validity.
-
will you smell Smoke when your data are on fire the sas Smoke Detector installing a scalable quality control dashboard for transactional and persistent data
2014Co-Authors: Troy Martin HughesAbstract:Smoke Detectors operate by comparing actual air quality to expected air quality standards and immediately alerting occupants when Smoke or particle levels exceed established thresholds. Just as rapid identification of Smoke (i.e, poor air quality) can detect harmful fire and facilitate its early extinguishment, rapid detection of poor quality data can highlight data entry or ingestion errors, faulty logic, insufficient or inaccurate business rules, or process failure. Aspects of data quality—such as availability, completeness, correctness, and timeliness—together should be assessed against stated requirements that account for the scope, objective, and intended use of data products. A single outlier, an accidentally locked data set, or even subtle modifications to a data structure can cause a robust extract transform load (ETL) infrastructure to grind to a halt or produce invalid results. Thus, a mature data infrastructure should incorporate quality assurance methods that facilitate robust processing and quality data products, as well as quality control methods that monitor and validate data products against their stated requirements. The SAS Smoke Detector represents a scalable, generalizable solution that assesses the availability, completeness, and structure of persistent SAS data sets, ideal for finished data products or transactional data sets received with standardized frequency and format. Like a Smoke Detector, the quality control dashboard is not intended to discover the source of the blaze, but rather to sound an alarm to stakeholders that data have been modified, locked, deleted, or otherwise corrupted. Through rapid detection and response, both the fidelity of data is increased as well as the responsiveness of developers to threats to data quality and validity.
David G. Lilley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
BRANZFIRE: Smoke Detector and Sprinkler Activation Times with Liquid Pool Fires
50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, 2012Co-Authors: Avinash Raavi, David G. LilleyAbstract:BRANZFIRE is used to model the fire dynamics of liquid pool (pan) fires in a single room, and determine the activation time for Smoke Detectors located on the ceiling at various locations (every half meter) to the side of the fire. The activation time is also calculated for heat Detectors and sprinklers at the same locations, and is also presented, using standard default values for the response time index RTI, C-factor, and actuation temperature. The BRANZFIRE code is an efficient zone type computer fire modeling software used to simulate fires in multi room structures. Its name is an abbreviation for Building Research Association of New Zealand FIRE model. This modeling software calculates various important things as a specified but constrained fire progresses, like the upper layer and lower layer temperatures and thicknesses, and optical Smoke density. The time to activation of a Smoke Detector, heat Detector or sprinkler is also calculated, and how this is affected by position and activation parameters may be determined. The software has got a wide variety of predefined fires and many other fires in their fire database (University of Canterbury, New Zealand online database). BRANZFIRE under predicts the activation times of Smoke Detectors but over predicts the activation times of sprinklers, as stated in the validation provided by the computer code developers. It is applied here to the calculation of Smoke Detector and sprinkler response time calculation with a variety of liquid pool (pan) fires in a single room, with closed door, and the fire located midway along one of the walls.
-
Smoke Detector and Sprinkler Activation Times with Gas Burner Fires using BRANZFIRE
9th Annual International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 2011Co-Authors: Avinash Raavi, David G. LilleyAbstract:*† Lilley & Associates, 7221 Idlewild Acres, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74074 BRANZFIRE is an efficient zone type computer fire modeling software used to simulate fires in multi room structures. Its name is an abbreviation for Building Research Association of New Zealand FIRE model. This modeling software can calculate various important variables involved in a fire scenario like the upper layer and lower layer temperatures, optical Smoke density, Smoke Detector, heat Detector and sprinkler activation times. It has got a wide variety of predefined fires and many other fires in their fire database (University of Canterbury, New Zealand online database). BRANZFIRE under predicts the activation times of Smoke Detectors but over predicts the activation times of sprinklers, as stated in the validation provided by the computer code developers. It is applied here to the calculation of Smoke Detector and sprinkler response time calculation with a variety of standard gas burner fires. A single room, closed door, wall fire scenario is used to run various simulations using BRANZFIRE computer fire modeling software. Smoke Detectors and sprinklers are located on the ceiling every 0.5 meters away from directly above the fire. Three different Smoke Detector sensitivities are considered in all cases, to exemplify the effect of sensitivity on the activation times. Sprinkler sensitivity was held constant at standard settings of activation temperature, C-factor and response time index RTI. Activation times of Smoke Detectors and sprinkler operation are calculated for a varity of standard gas burner fires and compared with corresponding times from standard t 2 -fires with varying heat release rates: the ultra-fast, fast, medium and slow fires. Results obtained from BRANZFIRE simulation indicate that the constrained heat release rate falls below the specified heat release rate in most of the cases, because of lack of availability of oxygen as the Smoke descends in the closed room. Smoke Detector activation times depend upon the rapidity of fire development, Detector sensitivity, and proximity of the Detector to the location of the fire. When Detectors are closer to the fire, Detector sensitivity plays a less important role.
-
Smoke Detector and Sprinkler Activation Times with Gas Burner Fires using BRANZFIRE
9th Annual International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 2011Co-Authors: Avinash Raavi, David G. LilleyAbstract:*† Lilley & Associates, 7221 Idlewild Acres, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74074 BRANZFIRE is an efficient zone type computer fire modeling software used to simulate fires in multi room structures. Its name is an abbreviation for Building Research Association of New Zealand FIRE model. This modeling software can calculate various important variables involved in a fire scenario like the upper layer and lower layer temperatures, optical Smoke density, Smoke Detector, heat Detector and sprinkler activation times. It has got a wide variety of predefined fires and many other fires in their fire database (University of Canterbury, New Zealand online database). BRANZFIRE under predicts the activation times of Smoke Detectors but over predicts the activation times of sprinklers, as stated in the validation provided by the computer code developers. It is applied here to the calculation of Smoke Detector and sprinkler response time calculation with a variety of standard gas burner fires. A single room, closed door, wall fire scenario is used to run various simulations using BRANZFIRE computer fire modeling software. Smoke Detectors and sprinklers are located on the ceiling every 0.5 meters away from directly above the fire. Three different Smoke Detector sensitivities are considered in all cases, to exemplify the effect of sensitivity on the activation times. Sprinkler sensitivity was held constant at standard settings of activation temperature, C-factor and response time index RTI. Activation times of Smoke Detectors and sprinkler operation are calculated for a varity of standard gas burner fires and compared with corresponding times from standard t 2 -fires with varying heat release rates: the ultra-fast, fast, medium and slow fires. Results obtained from BRANZFIRE simulation indicate that the constrained heat release rate falls below the specified heat release rate in most of the cases, because of lack of availability of oxygen as the Smoke descends in the closed room. Smoke Detector activation times depend upon the rapidity of fire development, Detector sensitivity, and proximity of the Detector to the location of the fire. When Detectors are closer to the fire, Detector sensitivity plays a less important role.
-
BRANZFIRE: Application to Realistic Burning Items in a Room Fire with Smoke Detectors and Sprinkler Activation Times
49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, 2011Co-Authors: Avinash Raavi, David G. LilleyAbstract:Smoke Detectors, heat Detectors and sprinklers are devices associated with fire detection, with Smoke Detectors being the most widely used in homes. BRANZFIRE is an efficient zone type computer fire modeling software used to simulate fires in multiroom structures. This modeling software can calculate various important variables involved in a fire scenario like the upper layer and lower layer temperatures, optical Smoke density, Smoke Detector, heat Detector and sprinkler activation times. A single room, closed door, wall fire scenario is used to run various simulations. The fire is located halfway along the shorter wall and the exterior door is closed. Smoke and heat Detectors are located on the ceiling every 0.5 meters away from directly above the fire. Activation times of Smoke Detectors and sprinklers are calculated for standard t 2 -fires with varying heat release rates: the ultra-fast, fast, medium and slow fires. The model is extended to calculate activation times of Smoke Detectors and sprinklers with real-world fires for six furniture fire. Three different Smoke Detector sensitivities are considered in all cases, to exemplify the effect of sensitivity on the activation times. Results obtained from BRANZFIRE simulation indicate that the constrained heat release rate falls below the specified heat release rate in most of the cases, because of lack of availability of oxygen as the Smoke descends in the closed room. Smoke Detector activation times were compared, for different fires, based on Detector sensitivity. It was observed that Smoke Detector activation times are much lower than heat Detector and sprinkler activation times. In the case of medium and slow fires, Smoke Detector sensitivity plays a more important role in detection times than with ultra-fast and fast fires. This is especially so when the Detector is further away from the fire object. Results are also presented and discussed for six different typical items of furniture.
-
Application of BRANZFIRE for Smoke Detector Response in a Closed Room with Four Idealized Fire Growth Scenarios
46th AIAA ASME SAE ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, 2010Co-Authors: Avinash Raavi, David G. LilleyAbstract:Fire detection has proved to be very effective in bringing down the causalities in case of fire accidents in confined places like residential homes. Most common devices associated with fire detection are Smoke Detectors. BRANZFIRE is an efficient zone type computer fire modeling software used to simulate fires in multi room structures. BRANZFIRE is an abbreviation for Building Research Association of New Zealand FIRE model. This modeling software can calculate various important variables involved in a fire scenario like the upper layer and lower layer temperatures, optical Smoke density, Smoke Detector, heat Detector and sprinkler activation times. It has got a wide variety of predefined fires and many other fires in their fire database (University of Canterbury, New Zealand online database). BRANZFIRE under predicts the activation times of Smoke Detectors but over predicts the activation times of sprinklers, as stated in the validation provided by the computer code developers. A single room, closed door, wall fire scenario is used to run various simulations using BRANZFIRE computer fire modeling software. Smoke Detectors are located on the ceiling every 0.5 meters away from directly above the fire. Activation times of Smoke Detectors are calculated for standard t-fires with varying heat release rates: the ultra-fast, fast, medium and slow fires. Three different Smoke Detector sensitivities are considered in all cases, to exemplify the effect of sensitivity on the activation times. Results obtained from BRANZFIRE simulation indicate that the constrained heat release rate falls below the specified heat release rate in most of the cases, because of lack of availability of oxygen as the Smoke descends in the closed room. Smoke Detector activation times were compared, for different fires, based on Detector sensitivity. In the case of medium and slow fires, Smoke Detector sensitivity plays a more important role in detection times than with ultra-fast and fast fires. This is especially so when the Detector is further away from the fire object.
Yi Zeng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Influence of high altitude on the burning behaviour of typical combustibles and the related responses of Smoke Detectors in compartments.
Royal Society open science, 2018Co-Authors: Yi Zeng, Jun Fang, Yongming ZhangAbstract:The effect of altitude on typical combustible burning and related Smoke Detector response signals was investigated by comparison experiments at altitudes of 40 m and 3650 m based on EN54 standard tests. Point-type light scattering photoelectric Smoke Detectors and ionization Smoke Detectors were used for four kinds of EN54 fire tests, including two kinds of smouldering fires with wood (test fire no. 2 in EN54 standard or TF2) and cotton (TF3), and two kinds of flaming fires with polyurethane (TF4) and n -heptane (TF5). First, the influence of altitude or ambient pressure on mass loss for smouldering combustion (TF2 or TF3) was insignificant, while a significant decrease in the mass burning rate was found for flaming tests (TF4 and TF5) as reported in our previous studies. Second, for photoelectric Smoke Detectors in flaming fire tests, the effect of altitude was similar to that of the burning rate, whereas for the ionization Smoke Detectors, the response signal at high altitudes was shown to be ‘enhanced’ by the detection principle of the ionization chamber, leading to an even larger value than at normal altitude for smouldering conditions. Third, to provide a reference for Smoke Detector design in high-altitude areas, the differences between signal speed in rising and peak values at two locations are discussed. Also, relationship between ion chamber signals and Smoke optical densities are presented by utilization of an ionization Smoke Detector and Smoke concentration meter. Moreover, a hierarchical diagram is illustrated to provide a better understanding of the effects of altitude on combustible burning behaviour and the mechanisms of Detector response.
-
Comparison of TF2; Comparison of TF3; Comparison of the TF4; Comparison of the TF5 from Influence of high altitude on the burning behaviour of typical combustibles and the related responses of Smoke Detectors in compartments
2018Co-Authors: Yi Zeng, Jun Fang, Yongming ZhangAbstract:Mass variation, response signals of Pho Smoke Detectors and Ion Smoke Detectors; Response signals of Pho Smoke Detectors and Ion Smoke Detectors;mass variation, burning rate, and response signals of Pho Smoke Detectors and Ion Smoke Detectors; Burning rate, response signals of Pho Smoke Detectors and Ion Smoke Detector
-
A prediction model of point-type Smoke Detector response signal variation in high altitude area
2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Jun Fang, Yi Zeng, Jingfu Guan, Yongming ZhangAbstract:The response signal trends of ordinary ionization and photoelectric Detectors under high altitude area were predicted using a simple model. The analysis results showed that the response trend varied with the pressure at 2nd power law for ionization Detector, and 4th power law for photoelectric Detector, which indicates that the signal performance of point-type Smoke Detector decreased with increasing altitude based on the same test fire source, and the main reason is the influence of air pressure on the burning behavior of material. Pool fires experiments were conducted in Hefei and Lhasa by ISO Detector test method, TF 4 and TF 5 experimental results was consistent with the theory well, it means, to achieve the same ability or performantce as normal pressure condition, the engineering parameters such as alarm threshold of Smoke Detector should be adjusted properly for low pressure condition. While error appeared during small size pool fire test for the weaken of Smoke accumulation under ceiling. This simple prediction model could be as a reference in the design of Smoke Detector for high altitude area.
Jun Fang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Influence of high altitude on the burning behaviour of typical combustibles and the related responses of Smoke Detectors in compartments.
Royal Society open science, 2018Co-Authors: Yi Zeng, Jun Fang, Yongming ZhangAbstract:The effect of altitude on typical combustible burning and related Smoke Detector response signals was investigated by comparison experiments at altitudes of 40 m and 3650 m based on EN54 standard tests. Point-type light scattering photoelectric Smoke Detectors and ionization Smoke Detectors were used for four kinds of EN54 fire tests, including two kinds of smouldering fires with wood (test fire no. 2 in EN54 standard or TF2) and cotton (TF3), and two kinds of flaming fires with polyurethane (TF4) and n -heptane (TF5). First, the influence of altitude or ambient pressure on mass loss for smouldering combustion (TF2 or TF3) was insignificant, while a significant decrease in the mass burning rate was found for flaming tests (TF4 and TF5) as reported in our previous studies. Second, for photoelectric Smoke Detectors in flaming fire tests, the effect of altitude was similar to that of the burning rate, whereas for the ionization Smoke Detectors, the response signal at high altitudes was shown to be ‘enhanced’ by the detection principle of the ionization chamber, leading to an even larger value than at normal altitude for smouldering conditions. Third, to provide a reference for Smoke Detector design in high-altitude areas, the differences between signal speed in rising and peak values at two locations are discussed. Also, relationship between ion chamber signals and Smoke optical densities are presented by utilization of an ionization Smoke Detector and Smoke concentration meter. Moreover, a hierarchical diagram is illustrated to provide a better understanding of the effects of altitude on combustible burning behaviour and the mechanisms of Detector response.
-
Comparison of TF2; Comparison of TF3; Comparison of the TF4; Comparison of the TF5 from Influence of high altitude on the burning behaviour of typical combustibles and the related responses of Smoke Detectors in compartments
2018Co-Authors: Yi Zeng, Jun Fang, Yongming ZhangAbstract:Mass variation, response signals of Pho Smoke Detectors and Ion Smoke Detectors; Response signals of Pho Smoke Detectors and Ion Smoke Detectors;mass variation, burning rate, and response signals of Pho Smoke Detectors and Ion Smoke Detectors; Burning rate, response signals of Pho Smoke Detectors and Ion Smoke Detector
-
A prediction model of point-type Smoke Detector response signal variation in high altitude area
2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Jun Fang, Yi Zeng, Jingfu Guan, Yongming ZhangAbstract:The response signal trends of ordinary ionization and photoelectric Detectors under high altitude area were predicted using a simple model. The analysis results showed that the response trend varied with the pressure at 2nd power law for ionization Detector, and 4th power law for photoelectric Detector, which indicates that the signal performance of point-type Smoke Detector decreased with increasing altitude based on the same test fire source, and the main reason is the influence of air pressure on the burning behavior of material. Pool fires experiments were conducted in Hefei and Lhasa by ISO Detector test method, TF 4 and TF 5 experimental results was consistent with the theory well, it means, to achieve the same ability or performantce as normal pressure condition, the engineering parameters such as alarm threshold of Smoke Detector should be adjusted properly for low pressure condition. While error appeared during small size pool fire test for the weaken of Smoke accumulation under ceiling. This simple prediction model could be as a reference in the design of Smoke Detector for high altitude area.
