Social Arrangement

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Daron Acemoglu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • political model of Social evolution
    Social Science Research Network, 2011
    Co-Authors: Daron Acemoglu, Georgy Egorov, Konstantin Sonin
    Abstract:

    Almost all democratic societies evolved Socially and politically out of authoritarian and nondemocratic regimes. These changes not only altered the allocation of economic resources in society but also the structure of political power. In this paper, we develop a framework for studying the dynamics of political and Social change. The society consists of agents that care about current and future Social Arrangements and economic allocations; allocation of political power determines who has the capacity to implement changes in economic allocations and future allocations of power. The set of available Social rules and allocations at any point in time is stochastic. We show that political and Social change may happen without any stochastic shocks or as a result of a shock destabilizing an otherwise stable Social Arrangement. Crucially, the process of Social change is contingent (and history-dependent): the timing and sequence of stochastic events determine the long-run equilibrium Social Arrangements. For example, the extent of democratization may depend on how early uncertainty about the set of feasible reforms in the future is resolved.

Konstantin Sonin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • political model of Social evolution
    Social Science Research Network, 2011
    Co-Authors: Daron Acemoglu, Georgy Egorov, Konstantin Sonin
    Abstract:

    Almost all democratic societies evolved Socially and politically out of authoritarian and nondemocratic regimes. These changes not only altered the allocation of economic resources in society but also the structure of political power. In this paper, we develop a framework for studying the dynamics of political and Social change. The society consists of agents that care about current and future Social Arrangements and economic allocations; allocation of political power determines who has the capacity to implement changes in economic allocations and future allocations of power. The set of available Social rules and allocations at any point in time is stochastic. We show that political and Social change may happen without any stochastic shocks or as a result of a shock destabilizing an otherwise stable Social Arrangement. Crucially, the process of Social change is contingent (and history-dependent): the timing and sequence of stochastic events determine the long-run equilibrium Social Arrangements. For example, the extent of democratization may depend on how early uncertainty about the set of feasible reforms in the future is resolved.

Georgy Egorov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • political model of Social evolution
    Social Science Research Network, 2011
    Co-Authors: Daron Acemoglu, Georgy Egorov, Konstantin Sonin
    Abstract:

    Almost all democratic societies evolved Socially and politically out of authoritarian and nondemocratic regimes. These changes not only altered the allocation of economic resources in society but also the structure of political power. In this paper, we develop a framework for studying the dynamics of political and Social change. The society consists of agents that care about current and future Social Arrangements and economic allocations; allocation of political power determines who has the capacity to implement changes in economic allocations and future allocations of power. The set of available Social rules and allocations at any point in time is stochastic. We show that political and Social change may happen without any stochastic shocks or as a result of a shock destabilizing an otherwise stable Social Arrangement. Crucially, the process of Social change is contingent (and history-dependent): the timing and sequence of stochastic events determine the long-run equilibrium Social Arrangements. For example, the extent of democratization may depend on how early uncertainty about the set of feasible reforms in the future is resolved.

Meirelles, Antônio José De Almeida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Potencial de oleaginosas nativas no desenvolvimento de cadeias produtivas da biodiversidade brasileira
    'Universidade Federal do Parana', 2020
    Co-Authors: Sampaio Neto, Oscar Zalla, Batista, Eduardo Augusto Caldas, Meirelles, Antônio José De Almeida
    Abstract:

    This paper analyze and evaluate Brazilian biodiversity oils as potential triggers for the development of a new value chain of no-timber forest products that will contribute for a transition to bioeconomy. Firstly the paper analyzes the production, processing, and market models of two different vegetable oils. The model based on the olive oil in EU indicates paths for the improvement for Brazilian biodiversity oils value chain. Then, state of art of Brazilian biodiversity oils market and public policies that supports the socio-biodiversity production chain is analyzed. In addition to that, market and technological characteristics of the main raw materials for the production of oils from no-timber forest products are described with emphasis in Brazil nuts and babassu oils. The results indicate that those oils can play a relevant role for the improvement of no-timber forest products value chain, however they have identified a gap of scientific and technological for vegetable oil extraction and refining process. These technological progresses contribute for the Brazilian biomes conservation by adding value in processed products. Beyond the technological and market challenges of Brazilian biodiversity oils production, the value chain still demands institutional, legal, cross-sectorial and trusting framework that encourage actors to overcome the present difficulties of extractive activities. As an example of a cross-sectorial framework, it is possible to mention the personal hygiene and pharmaceutical Brazilian industries. These industries develop a market differentiation by vegetable assets as Brazilian biodiversity oils, extracts and tinctures. For this development demand high investments in RD&I. For the Brazilian characteristics, the partnerships and alliances between companies, universities or research institutes and small local enterprises become relevant. In conclusion, the paper recommend Social productive Arrangements that integrate cooperatives and associations of local communities, universities and research institutes, industries and government institutions in order to make Brazilian biodiversity a strategic axis for sustainable development. At the local level, this Social Arrangement could promote decentralized vegetable oil processing units and a specific Ecolabel for the products of the Brazilian socio-biodiversity.Este artigo analisa e avalia os óleos da biodiversidade brasileira como potenciais indutores para o desenvolvimento de uma nova cadeia produtiva baseada nos produtos florestais não madeireiros e sua contribuição na transição para a bioeconomia. Primeiramente, o trabalho analisa dois modelos diferentes de produção, processamento e mercado de óleos vegetais, sendo um deles, o azeite de oliva na Comunidade Europeia. Este modelo indica caminhos para o aprimoramento da cadeia de valor dos óleos da biodiversidade brasileira. Em seguida, analisa-se o estado da arte do mercado brasileiro de óleos da biodiversidade e das políticas públicas de apoio à cadeia produtiva da sociobiodiversidade. Além disso, são descritas as características mercadológicas e tecnológicas das principais matérias-primas para a produção de óleos de produtos florestais não madeireiros, com destaque para os óleos da castanha-do-brasil e do babaçu. Os resultados indicam que esses óleos podem desempenhar um papel relevante para o aprimoramento da cadeia produtiva dos óleos da biodiversidade brasileira, porém identificou-se uma lacuna científica e tecnológica para o processo de extração e refino desses óleos vegetais. Esses avanços tecnológicos podem contribuir para a conservação dos biomas brasileiros, agregando valor aos produtos processados. Além dos desafios tecnológicos e de mercado para a produção de óleos da biodiversidade brasileira, a organização dessa cadeia de valor ainda exige um arcabouço institucional, legal, intersetorial e de confiança que estimule os atores a superar as atuais dificuldades da atividade extrativista. Como exemplo de quadro intersetorial, as indústrias brasileiras de higiene pessoal e farmacêutica, que conseguem uma diferenciação de mercado pela utilização de ativos vegetais como os óleos, extratos e/ou tinturas, demandam altos investimentos em PD&I e, pelas características brasileiras, ganha relevância as parcerias e alianças entre empresas, universidades e institutos de pesquisa, e pequenas empresas locais. Concluindo, o trabalho recomenda arranjos sócio produtivos que integrem cooperativas e associações de comunidades locais, universidades e institutos de pesquisa, indústrias e instituições governamentais, a fim de tornar a biodiversidade brasileira um eixo estratégico para o desenvolvimento sustentável. No nível local, esse arranjo Social poderia promover unidades descentralizadas de processamento de óleos vegetais e um rótulo ecológico específico para os produtos da sociobiodiversidade brasileira

Freire, Juliana Maria De Barros - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Desafios e potencialidades da operação e gerenciamento da Pousada Uacari pelas comunidades da RDS Mamirauá (AM)
    'Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo', 2017
    Co-Authors: Freire, Juliana Maria De Barros
    Abstract:

    This study is part of a research that involves the relationship between the local community of Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve (AM, Brazil) and the tourism practiced there. Since 1998, the Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development (IDSM) has been working together with local communities and the Association of Auxiliaries and Guides of Ecotourism of Mamirauá (AAGEMAM) advising them on the provision of tourist services at the Uakari Lodge, a Floting Eco lodge. The main concern of the project is the autonomy of communities in the management of the activity, generating employment and income, strengthening local governance and contributing to the conservation of natural resources. Nowadays, the IDSM is leading a process towards the transference of ownership and management of the lodge to the communities, paying close attention for this process can be sustainable and people are able to perform the economic management to conduct the business autonomously. Finding a legal/managerial model that strengthens the Social Arrangement and does not weaken it, that respects the productive chain established in there, and attend to the degree of Social involvement that community members have with the project, can keep it successful. It is necessary to investigate local Social relationships and a community perception about the business, so that it can subsidize the decisions about the appropriate model it will adopt. The present study intends to make a diagnosis of the challenges and possibilities of the transfer of the Uakari Lodge in the perceptions, expectations, wishes of the community members and managers of IDSM, elaborating with all these actors a new legal and business configuration more adapted to the complex local reality in order to guarantee business sustainability and its security. In order to meet the proposed objective, it was decided to carry out: 1) bibliographic review; 2) documentary analysis; 3) on-site observation in 3 field visits; 4) participatory observation of tourism activity; 5) Conversation Wheels (Focal Groups); 6) semi-structured interviews and 7) content analysis of collected testimonials; 8) a participatory decision-making workshop. The results obtained are presented in 3 stages: 1) qualitative and quantitative analysis of the content categories of the interviews and conversations in which became evident the four main groups of opinions about the transference (opposing community members, favorable community members, opposing IDSM members and favorable IDSM members) where the motives for the opinions range from: fear of business fail because of lack of capacity of community members (or its opposite: certainty of their capacity); desire to keep IDSM as a partner in the management (as owner and manager, or just as technical consultant); among others, less frequently mentioned. 2) creation of a preliminary report analyzing the most appropriate legal model for the transference (it was sent to all involved to support the decisions). The results of the content analysis along with the legal possibilities reported served as the basis for the final decision made in the stage 3) participatory decision-making workshop: the property with the Associação dos Produtores do Setor Mamirauá (APSM) (Association of the Producers of Mamirauá Sector) and the management with the AAGEMAM. Finally, all possible consequences of this experience for the development of public policies for Community-Based Tourism in Brazil are discussed in the final considerations of this study.Este estudo se insere em um contexto de pesquisa que envolve a relação entre as comunidades locais da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (AM) e o turismo lá praticado. O Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (IDSM) vem, desde 1998, trabalhando em parceria com as comunidades locais e com a AAGEMAM (Associação de Auxiliares e Guias de Ecoturismo de Mamirauá) assessorando-os na prestação de serviços turísticos na Pousada Flutuante Uacari. A preocupação central do projeto sempre foi trabalhar a autonomia das comunidades na gestão da atividade, gerando emprego e renda, fortalecendo a governança local e contribuindo para a conservação dos recursos naturais. O IDSM atualmente conduz um processo de transferência da propriedade e gestão da pousada para as comunidades, zelando para que esse possa ser sustentável, no sentido de que as pessoas sejam capazes de realizar o gerenciamento econômico para conduzir o negócio autonomamente. Encontrar um modelo jurídico/gerencial que fortaleça o arranjo Social e não o enfraqueça, que respeite a cadeia produtiva ali estabelecida, e atenda ao grau de envolvimento Social que os comunitários têm com o projeto, pode mantê-lo exitoso. Faz-se necessário investigar os relacionamentos sociais locais e a percepção dos comunitários sobre o negócio, para que se possa subsidiar as decisões relativas ao modelo mais adequado que adotarão. O presente estudo tem a pretensão de fazer um diagnóstico dos desafios e potencialidades da transferência da Pousada Uacari ante as visões, expectativas e anseios dos comunitários e gestores do IDSM, elaborando com todos esses atores uma nova configuração jurídica e empresarial adequada à complexa realidade local com vistas a garantir a sustentabilidade e segurança do negócio. Para alcançar o objetivo delineado, decidiu-se realizar: 1) revisão bibliográfica; 2) análise documental; 3) observação in loco em 3 visitas a campo; 4) observação participante da atividade de turismo; 5) realização de Rodas de Conversa (Grupos Focais); 6) entrevistas semiestruturadas; 7) Análise de conteúdo dos depoimentos recolhidos; 8) uma oficina participativa decisória. Os resultados são apresentados em 3 fases: 1) análise quali-quantitativa das categorias de conteúdo das entrevistas e rodas de conversa, que evidenciou a existência de quatro grupos principais de opiniões sobre a transferência (comunitários contrários, comunitários favoráveis, membros do IDSM contrários, e membros do IDSM favoráveis), sendo que os motivos dos posicionamentos variam entre: medo do negócio fracassar por falta de capacitação dos comunitários (ou seu oposto: certeza da capacitação necessária); desejo de manter o IDSM como parceiro na gestão (como proprietário e gestor, ou apenas como assessor técnico); dentre outros citados com menor frequência; 2) elaboração de um relatório preliminar, com análise dos modelos jurídicos mais indicados para o processo de transferência (foi enviado a todos os envolvidos para subsidiar as decisões). Os resultados da análise de conteúdo, juntamente com o relatório das possibilidades jurídicas serviram de base para a decisão final tomada na fase 3) oficina participativa decisória: a propriedade ficando com a Associação dos Produtores do Setor Mamirauá (APSM) e a gestão com a AAGEMAM. Por fim, os possíveis desdobramentos desta experiência para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas para o Turismo de Base Comunitária no Brasil são debatidos neste estudo em suas considerações finais.Dados abertos - Sucupira - Teses e dissertações (2017