The Experts below are selected from a list of 38211 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Stephan Meier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the impact of group membership on cooperation and norm enforcement evidence using random assignment to real Social groups
    The American Economic Review, 2006
    Co-Authors: Lorenz Goette, David Huffman, Stephan Meier
    Abstract:

    Due to incomplete contracts, efficiency of an organization depends on willingness of individuals to take non-selfish actions, such as cooperating when there is no incentive to do so or punishing inefficient actions by others. Organizations also constitute a Social Boundary, or group. We investigate whether this Social aspect of organizations has an important benefit— fostering unselfish cooperation and norm enforcement within the group—but also whether there is a dark side, in the form of hostility between groups. Our experiment provides the first evidence free from the confounding effect of self-selection into groups. Individuals are randomly assigned to different platoons during a four-week period of officer training in the Swiss Army. We conduct choice experiments—simultaneous prisoner’s dilemma games, with and without third-party punishment—in week three. Random assignment significantly increases willingness to cooperate with fellow platoon members. Assignment does not lead to hostility, in the sense of vindictive punishment of outsiders, but does affect norm enforcement, enhancing willingness to enforce a norm of cooperation towards fellow platoon members. This suggests that the Social aspect of organizations motivates efficient behavior even when ordinary incentives fail and helps to explain practices designed to foster Social ties or group identification within an organization. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)

  • the impact of group membership on cooperation and norm enforcement evidence using random assignment to real Social groups
    2006
    Co-Authors: Lorenz Goette, David Huffman, Stephan Meier
    Abstract:

    Due to incomplete contracts, efficiency of an organization depends on willingness of individuals to take non-selfish actions, e.g., cooperate when there is no incentive to do so, or punish inefficient actions by others. Organizations also constitute a Social Boundary, or group. We investigate whether this Social aspect of organizations has an important benefit, fostering unselfish cooperation and norm enforcement within the group, but whether there is also a dark side, in the form of hostility between groups. Our experiment provides the first evidence without the confounding effect of self-selection into groups. Individuals are randomly assigned to different platoons during a four-week portion of officer training in the Swiss Army. We conduct choice experiments – simultaneous prisoner’s dilemma games, with and without third-party punishment – in week three. Random assignment significantly increases willingness to cooperate with fellow platoon members. Assignment does not lead to hostility, in the sense of vindictive punishment of outsiders, but does affect norm enforcement, enhancing willingness to enforce a norm of cooperation towards fellow platoon members. This suggests that the Social aspect of organizations motivates efficient behavior even when ordinary incentives fail, and helps explain practices designed to foster Social ties or group identification within an organization.

Andrew Abbott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • boundaries of Social work or Social work of boundaries the Social service review lecture
    Social Service Review, 1995
    Co-Authors: Andrew Abbott
    Abstract:

    In this article, I sketch three successive conceptions of Social work as a profession. The first takes a functionalist approach-Social work as the profession of interstitiality. Difficulties in this view lead to a second, ecological approach. Here Social work is a complex defended turf in the system of professions. Explaining the origins of this turf requires a network-constitutive approach, in which Social work arises out of a set of Social "Boundary groups" capable of assembly into such a defensible turf. These three views capture different aspects of the profession, as well as different times in its development. I close with some speculations about the future of the profession.

Lorenz Goette - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the impact of group membership on cooperation and norm enforcement evidence using random assignment to real Social groups
    The American Economic Review, 2006
    Co-Authors: Lorenz Goette, David Huffman, Stephan Meier
    Abstract:

    Due to incomplete contracts, efficiency of an organization depends on willingness of individuals to take non-selfish actions, such as cooperating when there is no incentive to do so or punishing inefficient actions by others. Organizations also constitute a Social Boundary, or group. We investigate whether this Social aspect of organizations has an important benefit— fostering unselfish cooperation and norm enforcement within the group—but also whether there is a dark side, in the form of hostility between groups. Our experiment provides the first evidence free from the confounding effect of self-selection into groups. Individuals are randomly assigned to different platoons during a four-week period of officer training in the Swiss Army. We conduct choice experiments—simultaneous prisoner’s dilemma games, with and without third-party punishment—in week three. Random assignment significantly increases willingness to cooperate with fellow platoon members. Assignment does not lead to hostility, in the sense of vindictive punishment of outsiders, but does affect norm enforcement, enhancing willingness to enforce a norm of cooperation towards fellow platoon members. This suggests that the Social aspect of organizations motivates efficient behavior even when ordinary incentives fail and helps to explain practices designed to foster Social ties or group identification within an organization. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)

  • the impact of group membership on cooperation and norm enforcement evidence using random assignment to real Social groups
    2006
    Co-Authors: Lorenz Goette, David Huffman, Stephan Meier
    Abstract:

    Due to incomplete contracts, efficiency of an organization depends on willingness of individuals to take non-selfish actions, e.g., cooperate when there is no incentive to do so, or punish inefficient actions by others. Organizations also constitute a Social Boundary, or group. We investigate whether this Social aspect of organizations has an important benefit, fostering unselfish cooperation and norm enforcement within the group, but whether there is also a dark side, in the form of hostility between groups. Our experiment provides the first evidence without the confounding effect of self-selection into groups. Individuals are randomly assigned to different platoons during a four-week portion of officer training in the Swiss Army. We conduct choice experiments – simultaneous prisoner’s dilemma games, with and without third-party punishment – in week three. Random assignment significantly increases willingness to cooperate with fellow platoon members. Assignment does not lead to hostility, in the sense of vindictive punishment of outsiders, but does affect norm enforcement, enhancing willingness to enforce a norm of cooperation towards fellow platoon members. This suggests that the Social aspect of organizations motivates efficient behavior even when ordinary incentives fail, and helps explain practices designed to foster Social ties or group identification within an organization.

David Huffman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the impact of group membership on cooperation and norm enforcement evidence using random assignment to real Social groups
    The American Economic Review, 2006
    Co-Authors: Lorenz Goette, David Huffman, Stephan Meier
    Abstract:

    Due to incomplete contracts, efficiency of an organization depends on willingness of individuals to take non-selfish actions, such as cooperating when there is no incentive to do so or punishing inefficient actions by others. Organizations also constitute a Social Boundary, or group. We investigate whether this Social aspect of organizations has an important benefit— fostering unselfish cooperation and norm enforcement within the group—but also whether there is a dark side, in the form of hostility between groups. Our experiment provides the first evidence free from the confounding effect of self-selection into groups. Individuals are randomly assigned to different platoons during a four-week period of officer training in the Swiss Army. We conduct choice experiments—simultaneous prisoner’s dilemma games, with and without third-party punishment—in week three. Random assignment significantly increases willingness to cooperate with fellow platoon members. Assignment does not lead to hostility, in the sense of vindictive punishment of outsiders, but does affect norm enforcement, enhancing willingness to enforce a norm of cooperation towards fellow platoon members. This suggests that the Social aspect of organizations motivates efficient behavior even when ordinary incentives fail and helps to explain practices designed to foster Social ties or group identification within an organization. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)

  • the impact of group membership on cooperation and norm enforcement evidence using random assignment to real Social groups
    2006
    Co-Authors: Lorenz Goette, David Huffman, Stephan Meier
    Abstract:

    Due to incomplete contracts, efficiency of an organization depends on willingness of individuals to take non-selfish actions, e.g., cooperate when there is no incentive to do so, or punish inefficient actions by others. Organizations also constitute a Social Boundary, or group. We investigate whether this Social aspect of organizations has an important benefit, fostering unselfish cooperation and norm enforcement within the group, but whether there is also a dark side, in the form of hostility between groups. Our experiment provides the first evidence without the confounding effect of self-selection into groups. Individuals are randomly assigned to different platoons during a four-week portion of officer training in the Swiss Army. We conduct choice experiments – simultaneous prisoner’s dilemma games, with and without third-party punishment – in week three. Random assignment significantly increases willingness to cooperate with fellow platoon members. Assignment does not lead to hostility, in the sense of vindictive punishment of outsiders, but does affect norm enforcement, enhancing willingness to enforce a norm of cooperation towards fellow platoon members. This suggests that the Social aspect of organizations motivates efficient behavior even when ordinary incentives fail, and helps explain practices designed to foster Social ties or group identification within an organization.

Ellen Van Holstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Social Boundary work of new middle-class organic gardeners in Bangalore, India
    Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2019
    Co-Authors: Ellen Van Holstein
    Abstract:

    Abstract Organic gardening is increasingly being performed as a marker of middle-classness. As the middle class is expanding in countries such as India, China and Brazil, the leisure practices of large parts of these countries’ populations are changing. This article draws on preliminary research on a new middle-class organic gardening group in Bangalore to analyse how gardening is practised as a form of distinction in a dense and segregated urban environment. The research reveals that gardening is conducted in exclusive spaces that accommodate the articulation of Social connections and status within spatial constraints and Social boundaries. The case study encourages careful interpretation of the gardening of the new middle-class as practices that enrol food-production, technologies and resources in ways that unify a heterogenous new class and obscure and distinguish it from the gardening efforts of working classes. The paper contributes insight into the possibilities for ethical positioning that make gardening an appealing past time for new middle-class urban residents, and it makes a case for more extensive future research on this topic.