The Experts below are selected from a list of 246 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Jeffrey S Gonzalez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • identity and treatment adherence in predominantly ethnic minority teens and young adults with type 1 diabetes
    Pediatric Diabetes, 2020
    Co-Authors: Persis V Commissariat, Lori M Laffel, Jeffrey S Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND The demands of diabetes care can place substantial burden on youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), who must manage their treatment in conjunction with the developmentally typical tasks of adolescence. How diabetes affects the normative task of identity development deserves further exploration. METHODS A sample of 83 participants (ages 13-21) completed a qualitative interview about life with diabetes and a battery of validated psychoSocial measures. Individual interviews were analyzed using content analysis to create criteria for whether a teen had incorporated their T1D in relation to their identity. Convergent validity was assessed by comparing identity groups on various validated measures of psychoSocial characteristics and health-related outcomes. Analysis of covariances (ANCOVAs) were used to determine whether identity status had a significant relationship to health outcomes. RESULTS Results indicated that youth who were categorized as incorporating their T1D into their identities demonstrated significantly greater perceived Social Competency (P = .014), greater diabetes-specific self-esteem (P < .001), better self-care (P = .002), and more life satisfaction (P = .001) than those who had not incorporated T1D. Incorporation was also associated with better glycemic control (P = .003). Identity remained significantly associated with the above psychoSocial and health-related outcomes even when controlling for covariates of gender and method of insulin delivery (Ps < .01). CONCLUSIONS Successful incorporation of diabetes is associated with better biomedical and psychoSocial outcomes in teens with T1D. Further research is warranted to assess influences on identity as well as how to encourage and support incorporation in this at-risk population.

  • identity and treatment adherence in predominantly ethnic minority teens and young adults with type 1 diabetes
    Pediatric Diabetes, 2020
    Co-Authors: Persis V Commissariat, Lori M Laffel, Jeffrey S Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: The demands of diabetes care can place substantial burden on youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), who must manage their treatment in conjunction with the developmentally typical tasks of adolescence. How diabetes affects the normative task of identity development deserves further exploration. METHODS: A sample of 83 participants (ages 13-21) completed a qualitative interview about life with diabetes and a battery of validated psychoSocial measures. Individual interviews were analyzed using content analysis to create criteria for whether a teen had incorporated their T1D in relation to their identity. Convergent validity was assessed by comparing identity groups on various validated measures of psychoSocial characteristics and health-related outcomes. Analysis of covariances (ANCOVAs) were used to determine whether identity status had a significant relationship to health outcomes. RESULTS: Results indicated that youth who were categorized as incorporating their T1D into their identities demonstrated significantly greater perceived Social Competency (P = .014), greater diabetes-specific self-esteem (P < .001), better self-care (P = .002), and more life satisfaction (P = .001) than those who had not incorporated T1D. Incorporation was also associated with better glycemic control (P = .003). Identity remained significantly associated with the above psychoSocial and health-related outcomes even when controlling for covariates of gender and method of insulin delivery (Ps < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Successful incorporation of diabetes is associated with better biomedical and psychoSocial outcomes in teens with T1D. Further research is warranted to assess influences on identity as well as how to encourage and support incorporation in this at-risk population.

Amanda M Dettmer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • dominance rank predicts Social network position across developmental stages in rhesus monkeys
    American Journal of Primatology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Lauren J Wooddell, Stefano S K Kaburu, Amanda M Dettmer
    Abstract:

    Social network analysis is increasingly common in studying complex interactions among individuals. Across a range of primates, high-ranking adults are generally more Socially connected, which results in better fitness outcomes. However, it still remains unclear whether this relationship between Social network position and dominance rank emerges in infancy and whether, in species with a Social transmission of dominance rank, Social network positions are driven by the presence of the mother. To fill this gap, we first explored whether dominance ranks were related to Social network position, measured via eigenvector centrality, in infants, juveniles, and adults in a troop of semi-free-ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). We then examined relationships between dominance rank and eigenvector centrality in a peer-only group of yearlings who were reared with their mothers in either a rich, Socially complex environment of multigenerational (MG) kin support or a unigenerational group of mothers and their infants from birth through 8 months. In Experiment 1, we found that mother's network position predicted offspring network position and that dominants across all age categories were more central in affiliative networks (Social contact, Social grooming, and Social play). Experiment 2 showed that high-ranking yearlings in a peer-only group were more central only in the Social contact network. Moreover, yearlings reared in a Socially complex environment of MG kin support were more central. Our findings suggest that the relationship between dominance rank and Social network position begins early in life, and that complex early Social environments can promote later Social Competency. Our data add to the growing body of evidence that the presence/absence of the mother and kin influence how dominance rank affects Social network position. These findings have important implications for the role of caregivers in the Social status of developing primates, which ultimately ties to health and fitness outcomes.

Lauren J Wooddell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • dominance rank predicts Social network position across developmental stages in rhesus monkeys
    American Journal of Primatology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Lauren J Wooddell, Stefano S K Kaburu, Amanda M Dettmer
    Abstract:

    Social network analysis is increasingly common in studying complex interactions among individuals. Across a range of primates, high-ranking adults are generally more Socially connected, which results in better fitness outcomes. However, it still remains unclear whether this relationship between Social network position and dominance rank emerges in infancy and whether, in species with a Social transmission of dominance rank, Social network positions are driven by the presence of the mother. To fill this gap, we first explored whether dominance ranks were related to Social network position, measured via eigenvector centrality, in infants, juveniles, and adults in a troop of semi-free-ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). We then examined relationships between dominance rank and eigenvector centrality in a peer-only group of yearlings who were reared with their mothers in either a rich, Socially complex environment of multigenerational (MG) kin support or a unigenerational group of mothers and their infants from birth through 8 months. In Experiment 1, we found that mother's network position predicted offspring network position and that dominants across all age categories were more central in affiliative networks (Social contact, Social grooming, and Social play). Experiment 2 showed that high-ranking yearlings in a peer-only group were more central only in the Social contact network. Moreover, yearlings reared in a Socially complex environment of MG kin support were more central. Our findings suggest that the relationship between dominance rank and Social network position begins early in life, and that complex early Social environments can promote later Social Competency. Our data add to the growing body of evidence that the presence/absence of the mother and kin influence how dominance rank affects Social network position. These findings have important implications for the role of caregivers in the Social status of developing primates, which ultimately ties to health and fitness outcomes.

Persis V Commissariat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • identity and treatment adherence in predominantly ethnic minority teens and young adults with type 1 diabetes
    Pediatric Diabetes, 2020
    Co-Authors: Persis V Commissariat, Lori M Laffel, Jeffrey S Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND The demands of diabetes care can place substantial burden on youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), who must manage their treatment in conjunction with the developmentally typical tasks of adolescence. How diabetes affects the normative task of identity development deserves further exploration. METHODS A sample of 83 participants (ages 13-21) completed a qualitative interview about life with diabetes and a battery of validated psychoSocial measures. Individual interviews were analyzed using content analysis to create criteria for whether a teen had incorporated their T1D in relation to their identity. Convergent validity was assessed by comparing identity groups on various validated measures of psychoSocial characteristics and health-related outcomes. Analysis of covariances (ANCOVAs) were used to determine whether identity status had a significant relationship to health outcomes. RESULTS Results indicated that youth who were categorized as incorporating their T1D into their identities demonstrated significantly greater perceived Social Competency (P = .014), greater diabetes-specific self-esteem (P < .001), better self-care (P = .002), and more life satisfaction (P = .001) than those who had not incorporated T1D. Incorporation was also associated with better glycemic control (P = .003). Identity remained significantly associated with the above psychoSocial and health-related outcomes even when controlling for covariates of gender and method of insulin delivery (Ps < .01). CONCLUSIONS Successful incorporation of diabetes is associated with better biomedical and psychoSocial outcomes in teens with T1D. Further research is warranted to assess influences on identity as well as how to encourage and support incorporation in this at-risk population.

  • identity and treatment adherence in predominantly ethnic minority teens and young adults with type 1 diabetes
    Pediatric Diabetes, 2020
    Co-Authors: Persis V Commissariat, Lori M Laffel, Jeffrey S Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: The demands of diabetes care can place substantial burden on youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), who must manage their treatment in conjunction with the developmentally typical tasks of adolescence. How diabetes affects the normative task of identity development deserves further exploration. METHODS: A sample of 83 participants (ages 13-21) completed a qualitative interview about life with diabetes and a battery of validated psychoSocial measures. Individual interviews were analyzed using content analysis to create criteria for whether a teen had incorporated their T1D in relation to their identity. Convergent validity was assessed by comparing identity groups on various validated measures of psychoSocial characteristics and health-related outcomes. Analysis of covariances (ANCOVAs) were used to determine whether identity status had a significant relationship to health outcomes. RESULTS: Results indicated that youth who were categorized as incorporating their T1D into their identities demonstrated significantly greater perceived Social Competency (P = .014), greater diabetes-specific self-esteem (P < .001), better self-care (P = .002), and more life satisfaction (P = .001) than those who had not incorporated T1D. Incorporation was also associated with better glycemic control (P = .003). Identity remained significantly associated with the above psychoSocial and health-related outcomes even when controlling for covariates of gender and method of insulin delivery (Ps < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Successful incorporation of diabetes is associated with better biomedical and psychoSocial outcomes in teens with T1D. Further research is warranted to assess influences on identity as well as how to encourage and support incorporation in this at-risk population.

Sandra B Chapman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Neural mechanisms of behavioral change in young adults with high-functioning autism receiving virtual reality Social cognition training: A pilot study
    Autism Research, 2018
    Co-Authors: Y. J.daniel Yang, Tandra Allen, Sebiha M. Abdullahi, Fred R. Volkmar, Sandra B Chapman
    Abstract:

    Measuring treatment efficacy in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) relies primarily on behaviors, with limited evidence as to the neural mechanisms underlying these behavioral gains. This pilot study addresses this void by investigating neural and behavioral changes in a Phase I trial in young adults with high‐functioning ASD who received an evidence‐based behavioral intervention, Virtual Reality‐Social Cognition Training over 5 weeks for a total of 10 hr. The participants were tested pre‐ and post‐training with a validated biological/Social versus scrambled/nonSocial motion neuroimaging task, previously shown to activate regions within the Social brain networks. Three significant brain‐behavior changes were identified. First, the right posterior superior temporal sulcus, a hub for socio‐cognitive processing, showed increased brain activation to Social versus nonSocial stimuli in individuals with greater gains on a theory‐of‐mind measure. Second, the left inferior frontal gyrus, a region for socio‐emotional processing, tracked individual gains in emotion recognition with decreased activation to Social versus nonSocial stimuli. Finally, the left superior parietal lobule, a region for visual attention, showed significantly decreased activation to nonSocial versus Social stimuli across all participants, where heightened attention to nonSocial contingencies has been considered a disabling aspect of ASD. This study provides, albeit preliminary, some of the first evidence of the harnessable neuroplasticity in adults with ASD through an age‐appropriate intervention in brain regions tightly linked to Social abilities. This pilot trial motivates future efforts to develop and test Social interventions to improve behaviors and supporting brain networks in adults with ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 713–725. © 2018 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThis study addresses how the behavioral changes after treatment for ASD reflect underlying brain changes. Before and after receiving VR‐SCT, young adults with high‐functioning ASD passively viewed biological motion stimuli in a MRI scanner, tapping changes in the Social brain network. The results reveal neuroplasticity in this age population, extending the window of opportunity for interventions to impact Social Competency in adults with ASD.