The Experts below are selected from a list of 168960 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Daron Acemoglu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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obedience in the labor market and Social Mobility a socio economic approach
Research Papers in Economics, 2021Co-Authors: Daron AcemogluAbstract:This paper presents an analysis of what types of values, especially in regards to obedience vs. independence, families impart to their children and how these values interact with Social Mobility. In the model, obedience is a useful characteristic for employers, especially when wages are low, because independent workers require more incentives (when wages are high, these incentives are automatic). Hence, in low-wage environments, low-income families will impart values of obedience to their children to prevent disadvantaging them in the labor market. To the extent that independence is useful for entrepreneurial activities, this then depresses their Social Mobility. High-income and privileged parents, on the other hand, always impart values of independence, since they expect that their children can enter into higher-income entrepreneurial (or managerial) activities thanks to their family resources and privileges. I also discuss how political activity can be hampered when labor market incentives encourage greater obedience and how this can generate multiple steady states with different patterns of Social hierarchy and Mobility.
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obedience in the labor market and Social Mobility a socio economic approach
Social Science Research Network, 2021Co-Authors: Daron AcemogluAbstract:This paper presents an analysis of what types of values, especially in regards to obedience vs. independence, families impart to their children and how these values interact with Social Mobility. In the model, obedience is a useful characteristic for employers, especially when wages are low, because independent workers require more incentives (when wages are high, these incentives are automatic). Hence, in low-wage environments, low-income families will impart values of obedience to their children to prevent disadvantaging them in the labor market. To the extent that independence is useful for entrepreneurial activities, this then depresses their Social Mobility. High-income and privileged parents, on the other hand, always impart values of independence, since they expect that their children can enter into higher-income entrepreneurial (or managerial) activities thanks to their family resources and privileges. I also discuss how political activity can be hampered when labor market incentives encourage greater obedience and how this can generate multiple steady states with different patterns of Social hierarchy and Mobility. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
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Social Mobility and stability of democracy re evaluating de tocqueville
Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2018Co-Authors: Daron Acemoglu, Georgy Egorov, Konstantin SoninAbstract:An influential thesis often associated with De Tocqueville views Social Mobility as a bulwark of democracy: when members of a Social group expect to join the ranks of other Social groups in the near future, they should have less reason to exclude these other groups from the political process. In this paper, we investigate this hypothesis using a dynamic model of political economy. As well as formalizing this argument, our model demonstrates its limits, elucidating a robust theoretical force making democracy less stable in societies with high Social Mobility: when the median voter expects to move up (respectively down), she would prefer to give less voice to poorer (respectively richer) Social groups. Our theoretical analysis shows that in the presence of Social Mobility, the political preferences of an individual depend on the potentially conflicting preferences of her "future selves", and that the evolution of institutions is determined through the implicit interaction between occupants of the same Social niche at different points in time. When Social Mobility is endogenized, our model identifies new political economic forces limiting the amount of Mobility in society - because the middle class will lose out from Mobility at the bottom and because a peripheral coalition between the rich and the poor may oppose Mobility at the top.
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Social Mobility and stability of democracy re evaluating de tocqueville
Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2018Co-Authors: Daron Acemoglu, Georgy Egorov, Konstantin SoninAbstract:An influential thesis often associated with de Tocqueville views Social Mobility as a bulwark of democracy: when members of a Social group expect to join the ranks of other Social groups in the near future, they should have less reason to exclude these other groups from the political process. In this article, we investigate this hypothesis using a dynamic model of political economy. As well as formalizing this argument, our model demonstrates its limits, elucidating a robust theoretical force making democracy less stable in societies with high Social Mobility: when the median voter expects to move up (respectively down), she would prefer to give less voice to poorer (respectively richer) Social groups. Our theoretical analysis shows that in the presence of Social Mobility, the political preferences of an individual depend on the potentially conflicting preferences of her “future selves,” and that the evolution of institutions is determined through the implicit interaction between occupants of the same Social niche at different points in time.
Xiang Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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market transition industrialization and Social Mobility trends in post revolution china
American Journal of Sociology, 2019Co-Authors: Xiang ZhouAbstract:This study examines trends in intergenerational class Mobility in China by analyzing six comparable, nationally representative surveys between 1996 and 2012. Defying a simplistic, unidirectional account, the authors report two countervailing trends in Social Mobility in postrevolution China. On the one hand, the authors find a decline in Social fluidity following China’s transition from state Socialism to a market economy, as the link between origin and destination in vertical Social status has significantly strengthened. On the other hand, horizontal Mobility between the agricultural and nonagricultural sectors has increased substantially during recent decades. To put these trends in a global context, the authors compare China’s experience with those in 11 advanced industrial countries. The authors find that despite its recent decline, Social fluidity in China is still high by international standards. Yet, the direction of vertical Social Mobility trends in China stands in contrast with that in mature ca...
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market transition industrialization and Social Mobility trends in post revolution china
American Journal of Sociology, 2019Co-Authors: Xiang Zhou, Yu XieAbstract:Stratification scholars have long speculated about the influences of political institutions and economic development on intergenerational Social Mobility. China provides a unique opportunity to evaluate these speculations, as it has experienced rapid industrial expansion as well as the demise of Socialism since its economic reform that began in 1978. Analyzing intergenerational data from six comparable, nationally representative surveys between 1996 and 2012, we uncover two countervailing Social Mobility trends in post-revolution China. On the one hand, there is evidence of a decline in Social fluidity following China’s transition from state Socialism to a market economy, as the link between origin and destination in vertical Social status has significantly strengthened. On the other hand, horizontal Mobility between the agricultural and nonagricultural sectors has increased sharply during the country’s rapid industrialization. Despite its recent decline, Social fluidity in China is still much higher than that in mature capitalist societies. Moreover, cross-national comparisons reveal that a faster pace of industrialization is associated with greater horizontal Mobility between the farming and non-farming classes. Finally, Mobility in China is characterized by disproportionate flows between the farming and the managerial/professional classes and between farming and self-employment—patterns that are unique products of the Chinese household registration (hukou) system.
Jess Benhabib - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wealth distribution and Social Mobility in the us a quantitative approach
The American Economic Review, 2019Co-Authors: Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, Mi LuoAbstract:We quantitatively identify the factors that drive wealth dynamics in the United States and are consistent with its skewed cross-sectional distribution and with Social Mobility. We concentrate on three critical factors: (i) skewed earnings, (ii) differential saving rates across wealth levels, and (iii) stochastic idiosyncratic returns to wealth. All of these are fundamental for matching both distribution and Mobility. The stochastic process for returns which best fits the cross-sectional distribution of wealth and Social Mobility in the United States shares several statistical properties with those of the returns to wealth uncovered by Fagereng et al. (2017) from tax records in Norway.
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wealth distribution and Social Mobility in the us a quantitative approach
The American Economic Review, 2019Co-Authors: Jess Benhabib, Alberto BisinAbstract:This paper attempts to quantitatively identify the factors that drive wealth dynamics in the U.S. and are consistent with its observed skewed cross-sectional distribution and Social Mobility. We concentrate on three critical factors: a skewed and persistent distribution of earnings, differential saving and bequest rates across wealth levels, and capital income risk. All of these factors are necessary for matching both distribution and Mobility, with a distinct role in inducing wealth accumulation near the borrowing constraints, contributing to the thick top tail of wealth, and affecting upward and/or downward Social Mobility.
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wealth distribution and Social Mobility in the us a quantitative approach
Social Science Research Network, 2015Co-Authors: Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, Mi LuoAbstract:This paper attempts to quantitatively identify the factors that drive wealth dynamics in the U.S. and are consistent with its observed skewed cross-sectional distribution and Social Mobility. We concentrate on three critical factors: a skewed and persistent distribution of earnings, differential saving and bequest rates across wealth levels, and capital income risk. All of these factors are necessary for matching both distribution and Mobility, with a distinct role in inducing wealth accumulation near the borrowing constraints, contributing to the thick top tail of wealth, and affecting upward and/or downward Social Mobility.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
Konstantin Sonin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Social Mobility and stability of democracy re evaluating de tocqueville
Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2018Co-Authors: Daron Acemoglu, Georgy Egorov, Konstantin SoninAbstract:An influential thesis often associated with De Tocqueville views Social Mobility as a bulwark of democracy: when members of a Social group expect to join the ranks of other Social groups in the near future, they should have less reason to exclude these other groups from the political process. In this paper, we investigate this hypothesis using a dynamic model of political economy. As well as formalizing this argument, our model demonstrates its limits, elucidating a robust theoretical force making democracy less stable in societies with high Social Mobility: when the median voter expects to move up (respectively down), she would prefer to give less voice to poorer (respectively richer) Social groups. Our theoretical analysis shows that in the presence of Social Mobility, the political preferences of an individual depend on the potentially conflicting preferences of her "future selves", and that the evolution of institutions is determined through the implicit interaction between occupants of the same Social niche at different points in time. When Social Mobility is endogenized, our model identifies new political economic forces limiting the amount of Mobility in society - because the middle class will lose out from Mobility at the bottom and because a peripheral coalition between the rich and the poor may oppose Mobility at the top.
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Social Mobility and stability of democracy re evaluating de tocqueville
Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2018Co-Authors: Daron Acemoglu, Georgy Egorov, Konstantin SoninAbstract:An influential thesis often associated with de Tocqueville views Social Mobility as a bulwark of democracy: when members of a Social group expect to join the ranks of other Social groups in the near future, they should have less reason to exclude these other groups from the political process. In this article, we investigate this hypothesis using a dynamic model of political economy. As well as formalizing this argument, our model demonstrates its limits, elucidating a robust theoretical force making democracy less stable in societies with high Social Mobility: when the median voter expects to move up (respectively down), she would prefer to give less voice to poorer (respectively richer) Social groups. Our theoretical analysis shows that in the presence of Social Mobility, the political preferences of an individual depend on the potentially conflicting preferences of her “future selves,” and that the evolution of institutions is determined through the implicit interaction between occupants of the same Social niche at different points in time.
Yu Xie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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market transition industrialization and Social Mobility trends in post revolution china
American Journal of Sociology, 2019Co-Authors: Xiang Zhou, Yu XieAbstract:Stratification scholars have long speculated about the influences of political institutions and economic development on intergenerational Social Mobility. China provides a unique opportunity to evaluate these speculations, as it has experienced rapid industrial expansion as well as the demise of Socialism since its economic reform that began in 1978. Analyzing intergenerational data from six comparable, nationally representative surveys between 1996 and 2012, we uncover two countervailing Social Mobility trends in post-revolution China. On the one hand, there is evidence of a decline in Social fluidity following China’s transition from state Socialism to a market economy, as the link between origin and destination in vertical Social status has significantly strengthened. On the other hand, horizontal Mobility between the agricultural and nonagricultural sectors has increased sharply during the country’s rapid industrialization. Despite its recent decline, Social fluidity in China is still much higher than that in mature capitalist societies. Moreover, cross-national comparisons reveal that a faster pace of industrialization is associated with greater horizontal Mobility between the farming and non-farming classes. Finally, Mobility in China is characterized by disproportionate flows between the farming and the managerial/professional classes and between farming and self-employment—patterns that are unique products of the Chinese household registration (hukou) system.
