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Larissa Conradt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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activity synchrony and Social cohesion a fission fusion model
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2000Co-Authors: Larissa Conradt, T J RoperAbstract:A Social group can only be spatially coherent if its members synchronize activities such as foraging and resting. However, activity synchronization is costly to individuals if it requires them to postpone an activity that would be personally more profitable in order to do what the rest of the group is doing. Such costs will be particularly high in groups whose members belong to different age, size or sex classes since the optimal allocation of time to various activities is likely to differ between such classes. Thus, differences in the costs of activity synchronization between and within classes could cause non-homogenous groups to be less stable than homogenous groups, with the result that homogenous groups predominate in the population: that is, they could cause 'Social Segregation' of animals of different sex, size or age. We develop a model that predicts the degree of Social Segregation attributable to differences in activity synchronization between homogenous and non-homogenous groups and use this model in determining whether activity synchronization can explain intersexual Social Segregation in red deer (Cervus elaphus). Differences in activity synchronization between mixed-sex and unisex groups of red deer explained 35% of the observed degree of intersexual Social Segregation, showing that activity synchronization is an important cause of Social Segregation in this species.
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Social Segregation is not a consequence of habitat Segregation in red deer and feral soay sheep
Animal Behaviour, 1999Co-Authors: Larissa ConradtAbstract:In many sexually dimorphic mammals, adults tend to form single-sex groups (‘Social Segregation’). It has been assumed that Social Segregation is simply a by-product of sex differences in habitat use (‘habitat Segregation’). I tested this assumption on red deer,Cervus elaphus, and feral soay sheep,Ovis aries, using data on group composition, habitat use and space use collected on the Scottish islands of Rum (1974–1993) and Hirta (1985–1994), respectively. If Social Segregation had been a by-product of habitat Segregation, then (1) Social Segregation should have been influenced by the same environmental parameters that influence habitat Segregation and (2) degree of Social Segregation should have equalled (and in no case been larger than) degree of habitat Segregation. However, I found that weather parameters that influence habitat Segregation did not influence Social Segregation in red deer and that degree of Social Segregation was significantly larger than degree of habitat Segregation in both species. I conclude that Social Segregation is not a by-product of habitat Segregation in either species, and discuss the implications of this finding.
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Social Segregation is not a consequence of habitat Segregation in red deer and feral soay sheep
Animal behaviour, 1999Co-Authors: Larissa ConradtAbstract:In many sexually dimorphic mammals, adults tend to form single-sex groups ('Social Segregation'). It has been assumed that Social Segregation is simply a by-product of sex differences in habitat use ('habitat Segregation'). I tested this assumption on red deer, Cervus elaphus, and feral soay sheep, Ovis aries, using data on group composition, habitat use and space use collected on the Scottish islands of Rum (1974-1993) and Hirta (1985-1994), respectively. If Social Segregation had been a by-product of habitat Segregation, then (1) Social Segregation should have been influenced by the same environmental parameters that influence habitat Segregation and (2) degree of Social Segregation should have equalled (and in no case been larger than) degree of habitat Segregation. However, I found that weather parameters that influence habitat Segregation did not influence Social Segregation in red deer and that degree of Social Segregation was significantly larger than degree of habitat Segregation in both species. I conclude that Social Segregation is not a by-product of habitat Segregation in either species, and discuss the implications of this finding. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
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Could asynchrony in activity between the sexes cause intersexual Social Segregation in ruminants
Proceedings. Biological sciences, 1998Co-Authors: Larissa ConradtAbstract:In many sexually dimorphic mammal species, the sexes live outside the mating season in separate Social groups (Social Segregation). Social Segregation occurs in a wide range of environmental condit...
Tristan-pierre Maury - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Private and public schools: A spatial analysis of Social Segregation in France
Urban Studies, 2019Co-Authors: Pierre Courtioux, Tristan-pierre MauryAbstract:This article shifts our understanding of the geographies of education away from large cities. It provides a geographical and urban analysis of the contribution of differences in enrolment between the public and private sectors to Social Segregation in French middle schools. Using the mutual information index, we show that the contribution of public/private divergences is rising and is higher in middle-sized urban areas and central municipalities. These geographical areas, however, are not those where Social Segregation is highest, nor those where the private sector is commonly regarded as the main cause of Segregation. Moreover, the gaps between the public and the private sectors are stronger at the local level. This confirms the idea that the private sector is indeed a tool for circumventing France’s School Map ( la Carte scolaire) for allocating places to pupils and that private schools create additional Social differences locally.
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Private and Public Schools: A Spatial Analysis of Social Segregation in France
Urban Studies, 2018Co-Authors: Pierre Courtioux, Tristan-pierre MauryAbstract:This article provides a geographical and urban analysis of the contribution of differences in enrollment between the public and private sectors to Social Segregation in French middle schools. Using the mutual information index, we show that the contribution of public/private divergences is higher in middle-sized urban areas and center municipalities. These geographical areas, however, are not those where Social Segregation is the highest, nor those where the private sector is commonly regarded as the main cause of Segregation. Moreover, the gaps between the public and the private sectors are stronger at the local level. This confirms the idea that the private sector is indeed a tool for circumventing France's School Map (la carte scolaire) for allocating places to pupils and that private schools create additional Social differences the smaller spatial scale.
Pierre Courtioux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Private and public schools: A spatial analysis of Social Segregation in France
Urban Studies, 2019Co-Authors: Pierre Courtioux, Tristan-pierre MauryAbstract:This article shifts our understanding of the geographies of education away from large cities. It provides a geographical and urban analysis of the contribution of differences in enrolment between the public and private sectors to Social Segregation in French middle schools. Using the mutual information index, we show that the contribution of public/private divergences is rising and is higher in middle-sized urban areas and central municipalities. These geographical areas, however, are not those where Social Segregation is highest, nor those where the private sector is commonly regarded as the main cause of Segregation. Moreover, the gaps between the public and the private sectors are stronger at the local level. This confirms the idea that the private sector is indeed a tool for circumventing France’s School Map ( la Carte scolaire) for allocating places to pupils and that private schools create additional Social differences locally.
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Private and Public Schools: A Spatial Analysis of Social Segregation in France
Urban Studies, 2018Co-Authors: Pierre Courtioux, Tristan-pierre MauryAbstract:This article provides a geographical and urban analysis of the contribution of differences in enrollment between the public and private sectors to Social Segregation in French middle schools. Using the mutual information index, we show that the contribution of public/private divergences is higher in middle-sized urban areas and center municipalities. These geographical areas, however, are not those where Social Segregation is the highest, nor those where the private sector is commonly regarded as the main cause of Segregation. Moreover, the gaps between the public and the private sectors are stronger at the local level. This confirms the idea that the private sector is indeed a tool for circumventing France's School Map (la carte scolaire) for allocating places to pupils and that private schools create additional Social differences the smaller spatial scale.
K E Ruckstuhl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of castration sex ratio and population density on Social Segregation and habitat use in soay sheep
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2006Co-Authors: K E Ruckstuhl, Andrea Manica, Andrew D C Maccoll, Jill G Pilkington, T H CluttonbrockAbstract:We analysed 16 years of census data gathered on the island of Hirta (archipelago of St. Kilda) to investigate the effects of castration, population density, sex ratio, season and group type on habitat use and Social Segregation of Soay sheep. From 1978 to 1980, 72 male lambs were castrated. We used this experiment to study how a change in reproductive status could affect Sociality and habitat choice of these males. Males, females and castrates were all segregated outside the rutting season in autumn. Castrates were the least segregated from females in spring and summer but were most segregated from them during the pre-rut. The more equal the sex ratios, the higher was the degree of Social Segregation. The three sex classes used similar habitat types, namely, Holcus agrostis, Agrostis festuca and Calluna habitats. Holcus agrostis and Agrostis festuca were top- and second-ranked in female and castrate habitat use, while Holcus agrostis and Calluna were the two top habitat types used by rams. It is unclear why males included Calluna heath habitats, but it cannot be excluded that they might have shifted their use depending on forage availability. A lack in differences in habitat use between castrates and females suggests that body size differences alone cannot be the driving factor for habitat Segregation in male and female Soay sheep and that there are reasons other than body size that could motivate reproductive males to use additional habitat types, such as Calluna heath. Although habitat use shifted from one habitat type to the next between low- and high-population-density years and between seasons, there was no clear link between population density and how different groups (male, female or castrate) used these areas. We discuss effects of reproductive status, population density and sex ratio on Social Segregation and habitat use and suggest that these factors need to be taken into account when investigating causes of sexual Segregation in ungulates.
T H Cluttonbrock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of castration sex ratio and population density on Social Segregation and habitat use in soay sheep
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2006Co-Authors: K E Ruckstuhl, Andrea Manica, Andrew D C Maccoll, Jill G Pilkington, T H CluttonbrockAbstract:We analysed 16 years of census data gathered on the island of Hirta (archipelago of St. Kilda) to investigate the effects of castration, population density, sex ratio, season and group type on habitat use and Social Segregation of Soay sheep. From 1978 to 1980, 72 male lambs were castrated. We used this experiment to study how a change in reproductive status could affect Sociality and habitat choice of these males. Males, females and castrates were all segregated outside the rutting season in autumn. Castrates were the least segregated from females in spring and summer but were most segregated from them during the pre-rut. The more equal the sex ratios, the higher was the degree of Social Segregation. The three sex classes used similar habitat types, namely, Holcus agrostis, Agrostis festuca and Calluna habitats. Holcus agrostis and Agrostis festuca were top- and second-ranked in female and castrate habitat use, while Holcus agrostis and Calluna were the two top habitat types used by rams. It is unclear why males included Calluna heath habitats, but it cannot be excluded that they might have shifted their use depending on forage availability. A lack in differences in habitat use between castrates and females suggests that body size differences alone cannot be the driving factor for habitat Segregation in male and female Soay sheep and that there are reasons other than body size that could motivate reproductive males to use additional habitat types, such as Calluna heath. Although habitat use shifted from one habitat type to the next between low- and high-population-density years and between seasons, there was no clear link between population density and how different groups (male, female or castrate) used these areas. We discuss effects of reproductive status, population density and sex ratio on Social Segregation and habitat use and suggest that these factors need to be taken into account when investigating causes of sexual Segregation in ungulates.
