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Wirtz, Kai W - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Simulated climatically disturbed emergence of agricultures in Western Eurasia 8500-3000 BC
PANGAEA, 2014Co-Authors: Lemmen Carsten, Wirtz, Kai WAbstract:Was the spread of agropastoralism from the Fertile Crescent throughout Europe influenced by rapid climatic shifts? We here generate idealized climate events using palaeoclimate records. In a mathematical model of regional Sociocultural Development, these events disturb the subsistence base of simulated forager and farmer societies. We evaluate the regional simulated transition timings and durations against a published large set of radiocarbon dates for western Eurasia; the model is able to realistically hindcast much of the inhomogeneous space-time evolution of regional Neolithic transitions. Our study shows that the inclusion of climate events improves the simulation of typical lags between cultural complexes, but that the overall difference to a model without climate events is not significant. Climate events may not have been as important for early Sociocultural dynamics as endogenous factors
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On the sensitivity of the simulated European Neolithic transition to climate extremes
'Elsevier BV', 2012Co-Authors: Lemmen Carsten, Wirtz, Kai WAbstract:Was the spread of agropastoralism from the Fertile Crescent throughout Europe influenced by extreme climate events, or was it independent of climate? We here generate idealized climate events using palaeoclimate records. In a mathematical model of regional Sociocultural Development, these events disturb the subsistence base of simulated forager and farmer societies. We evaluate the regional simulated transition timings and durations against a published large set of radiocarbon dates for western Eurasia; the model is able to realistically hindcast much of the inhomogeneous space-time evolution of regional Neolithic transitions. Our study shows that the consideration of climate events improves the simulation of typical lags between cultural complexes, but that the overall difference to a model without climate events is not significant. Climate events may not have been as important for early Sociocultural dynamics as endogenous factors.Comment: Revised version submitted to the Journal of Archaeological Science, special issue on The World Reshaped: impacts of the Neolithic transition. 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 table + supplementary materia
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Simulated agricultural subsistence, timing of transition, and percentage of immigrant farmers
PANGAEA, 2011Co-Authors: Lemmen Carsten, Gronenborn D, Wirtz, Kai WAbstract:Farming and herding were introduced to Europe from the Near East and Anatolia; there are, however, considerable arguments about the mechanisms of this transition. Were it the people who moved and either outplaced, or admixed with, the indigenous hunter-gatherer groups? Or was it material and information that moved---the Neolithic Package---consisting of domesticated plants and animals and the knowledge of their use? The latter process is commonly referred to as cultural diffusion and the former as demic diffusion. Despite continuous and partly combined efforts by archaeologists, anthropologists, linguists, palaeontologists and geneticists, a final resolution of the debate has not yet been reached. In the present contribution we interpret results from the Global Land Use and technological Evolution Simulator (GLUES). GLUES is a mathematical model for regional Sociocultural Development, embedded in the geoenvironmental context, during the Holocene. We demonstrate that the model is able to realistically hindcast the expansion speed and the inhomogeneous space-time evolution of the transition to agropastoralism in western Eurasia. In contrast to models that do not resolve endogenous Sociocultural dynamics, our model describes and explains how and why the Neolithic advanced in stages. We uncouple the mechanisms of migration and information exchange and also of migration and the spread of agropastoralism. We find that: (1) An indigenous form of agropastoralism could well have arisen in certain Mediterranean landscapes, but not in Northern and Central Europe, where it depended on imported technology and material. (2) Both demic diffusion by migration and cultural diffusion by trade may explain the western European transition equally well. (3) Migrating farmers apparently contribute less than local adopters to the establishment of agropastoralism. Our study thus underlines the importance of adoption of introduced technologies and economies by resident foragers
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A simulation of the Neolithic transition in Western Eurasia
'Elsevier BV', 2011Co-Authors: Lemmen Carsten, Gronenborn Detlef, Wirtz, Kai WAbstract:Farming and herding were introduced to Europe from the Near East and Anatolia; there are, however, considerable arguments about the mechanisms of this transition. Were it people who moved and outplaced the indigenous hunter- gatherer groups or admixed with them? Or was it just material and information that moved-the Neolithic Package-consisting of domesticated plants and animals and the knowledge of its use? The latter process is commonly referred to as cultural diffusion and the former as demic diffusion. Despite continuous and partly combined efforts by archaeologists, anthropologists, linguists, paleontologists and geneticists a final resolution of the debate has not yet been reached. In the present contribution we interpret results from the Global Land Use and technological Evolution Simulator (GLUES), a mathematical model for regional Sociocultural Development embedded in the western Eurasian geoenvironmental context during the Holocene. We demonstrate that the model is able to realistically hindcast the expansion speed and the inhomogeneous space-time evolution of the transition to agropastoralism in Europe. GLUES, in contrast to models that do not resolve endogenous Sociocultural dynamics, also describes and explains how and why the Neolithic advanced in stages. In the model analysis, we uncouple the mechanisms of migration and information exchange. We find that (1) an indigenous form of agropastoralism could well have arisen in certain Mediterranean landscapes, but not in Northern and Central Europe, where it depended on imported technology and material, (2) both demic diffusion by migration or cultural diffusion by trade may explain the western European transition equally well, (3) [...]Comment: Accepted Author Manuscript version accepted for publication in Journal of Archaeological Science. A definitive version will be subsequently published in the Journal of Archaological Scienc
Lemmen Carsten - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cultural and Demic Diffusion of First Farmers, Herders, and their Innovations Across Eurasia
'University of Ljubljana', 2015Co-Authors: Lemmen CarstenAbstract:Was the spread of agropastoralism from the Eurasian founder regions dominated by demic or by cultural diffusion? This study employs a mathematical model of regional Sociocultural Development that includes different diffusion processes, local innovation and societal adaptation. Simulations hindcast the emergence and expansion of agropastoral life style in 294 regions of Eurasia and North Africa. Different scenarios for demic and diffusive exchange processes between adjacent regions are contrasted and the spatiotemporal pattern of diffusive events is evaluated. This study supports from a modeling perspective the hypothesis that there is no simple or exclusive demic or cultural diffusion, but that in most regions of Eurasia a combination of demic and cultural processes were important. Furthermore, we demonstrate the strong spatial and temporal variability in the balance of spread processes. Each region shows sometimes more demic, and at other times more cultural diffusion. Only few, possibly environmentally marginal, areas show a dominance of demic diffusion. This study affirms that diffusion processes should be investigated in a diachronic fashion and not from a time-integrated perspective.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, revised version submitted to Documenta Prehistori
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Simulated climatically disturbed emergence of agricultures in Western Eurasia 8500-3000 BC
PANGAEA, 2014Co-Authors: Lemmen Carsten, Wirtz, Kai WAbstract:Was the spread of agropastoralism from the Fertile Crescent throughout Europe influenced by rapid climatic shifts? We here generate idealized climate events using palaeoclimate records. In a mathematical model of regional Sociocultural Development, these events disturb the subsistence base of simulated forager and farmer societies. We evaluate the regional simulated transition timings and durations against a published large set of radiocarbon dates for western Eurasia; the model is able to realistically hindcast much of the inhomogeneous space-time evolution of regional Neolithic transitions. Our study shows that the inclusion of climate events improves the simulation of typical lags between cultural complexes, but that the overall difference to a model without climate events is not significant. Climate events may not have been as important for early Sociocultural dynamics as endogenous factors
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On the sensitivity of the simulated European Neolithic transition to climate extremes
'Elsevier BV', 2012Co-Authors: Lemmen Carsten, Wirtz, Kai WAbstract:Was the spread of agropastoralism from the Fertile Crescent throughout Europe influenced by extreme climate events, or was it independent of climate? We here generate idealized climate events using palaeoclimate records. In a mathematical model of regional Sociocultural Development, these events disturb the subsistence base of simulated forager and farmer societies. We evaluate the regional simulated transition timings and durations against a published large set of radiocarbon dates for western Eurasia; the model is able to realistically hindcast much of the inhomogeneous space-time evolution of regional Neolithic transitions. Our study shows that the consideration of climate events improves the simulation of typical lags between cultural complexes, but that the overall difference to a model without climate events is not significant. Climate events may not have been as important for early Sociocultural dynamics as endogenous factors.Comment: Revised version submitted to the Journal of Archaeological Science, special issue on The World Reshaped: impacts of the Neolithic transition. 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 table + supplementary materia
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Simulated agricultural subsistence, timing of transition, and percentage of immigrant farmers
PANGAEA, 2011Co-Authors: Lemmen Carsten, Gronenborn D, Wirtz, Kai WAbstract:Farming and herding were introduced to Europe from the Near East and Anatolia; there are, however, considerable arguments about the mechanisms of this transition. Were it the people who moved and either outplaced, or admixed with, the indigenous hunter-gatherer groups? Or was it material and information that moved---the Neolithic Package---consisting of domesticated plants and animals and the knowledge of their use? The latter process is commonly referred to as cultural diffusion and the former as demic diffusion. Despite continuous and partly combined efforts by archaeologists, anthropologists, linguists, palaeontologists and geneticists, a final resolution of the debate has not yet been reached. In the present contribution we interpret results from the Global Land Use and technological Evolution Simulator (GLUES). GLUES is a mathematical model for regional Sociocultural Development, embedded in the geoenvironmental context, during the Holocene. We demonstrate that the model is able to realistically hindcast the expansion speed and the inhomogeneous space-time evolution of the transition to agropastoralism in western Eurasia. In contrast to models that do not resolve endogenous Sociocultural dynamics, our model describes and explains how and why the Neolithic advanced in stages. We uncouple the mechanisms of migration and information exchange and also of migration and the spread of agropastoralism. We find that: (1) An indigenous form of agropastoralism could well have arisen in certain Mediterranean landscapes, but not in Northern and Central Europe, where it depended on imported technology and material. (2) Both demic diffusion by migration and cultural diffusion by trade may explain the western European transition equally well. (3) Migrating farmers apparently contribute less than local adopters to the establishment of agropastoralism. Our study thus underlines the importance of adoption of introduced technologies and economies by resident foragers
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A simulation of the Neolithic transition in Western Eurasia
'Elsevier BV', 2011Co-Authors: Lemmen Carsten, Gronenborn Detlef, Wirtz, Kai WAbstract:Farming and herding were introduced to Europe from the Near East and Anatolia; there are, however, considerable arguments about the mechanisms of this transition. Were it people who moved and outplaced the indigenous hunter- gatherer groups or admixed with them? Or was it just material and information that moved-the Neolithic Package-consisting of domesticated plants and animals and the knowledge of its use? The latter process is commonly referred to as cultural diffusion and the former as demic diffusion. Despite continuous and partly combined efforts by archaeologists, anthropologists, linguists, paleontologists and geneticists a final resolution of the debate has not yet been reached. In the present contribution we interpret results from the Global Land Use and technological Evolution Simulator (GLUES), a mathematical model for regional Sociocultural Development embedded in the western Eurasian geoenvironmental context during the Holocene. We demonstrate that the model is able to realistically hindcast the expansion speed and the inhomogeneous space-time evolution of the transition to agropastoralism in Europe. GLUES, in contrast to models that do not resolve endogenous Sociocultural dynamics, also describes and explains how and why the Neolithic advanced in stages. In the model analysis, we uncouple the mechanisms of migration and information exchange. We find that (1) an indigenous form of agropastoralism could well have arisen in certain Mediterranean landscapes, but not in Northern and Central Europe, where it depended on imported technology and material, (2) both demic diffusion by migration or cultural diffusion by trade may explain the western European transition equally well, (3) [...]Comment: Accepted Author Manuscript version accepted for publication in Journal of Archaeological Science. A definitive version will be subsequently published in the Journal of Archaological Scienc
Kai W. Wirtz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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On the sensitivity of the simulated European Neolithic transition to climate extremes
2016Co-Authors: Carsten Lemmen, Kai W. WirtzAbstract:Was the spread of agropastoralism from the Fertile Crescent throughout Europe influenced by extreme climate events, or was it independent of climate? We here generate idealized climate events using palaeoclimate records. In a mathematical model of regional Sociocultural Development, these events disturb the subsistence base of simulated forager and farmer societies. We evaluate the regional simulated transition timings and durations against a published large set of radiocarbon dates for western Eurasia; the model is able to realistically hindcast much of the inhomogeneous space-time evolution of regional Neolithic transitions. Our study shows that the consideration of climate events improves the simulation of typical lags between cultural complexes, but that the overall difference to a model without climate events is not significant. Climate events may not have been as important for early Sociocultural dynamics as endogenous factors
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A simulation of the Neolithic transition in Western Eurasia
2011Co-Authors: Carsten Lemmen, Detlef Gronenbornb, Kai W. WirtzAbstract:Farming and herding were introduced to Europe from the Near East and Anatolia; there are, however, considerable arguments about the mechanisms of this transition. Were it the people who moved and either outplaced or admixed with the indigenous hunter-gatherer groups? Or was it material and information that moved—the Neolithic Package— consisting of domesticated plants and animals and the knowledge of their use? The latter process is commonly referred to as cultural diffusion and the former as demic diffusion. Despite continuous and partly combined efforts by archaeologists, anthropologists, linguists, palaeontologists and geneticists, a final resolution of the debate has not yet been reached. In the present contribution we interpret results from the Global Land Use and technological Evolution Simulator (GLUES). This mathematical model simulates regional Sociocultural Development embedded in the geoenvironmental context during the Holocene. We demonstrate that the model is able to realistically hindcast the expansion speed and the inhomogeneous space-time evolution of the transition to agropastoralism in western Eurasia. In contrast to models that do not resolve endogenous Sociocultural dynamics, our model describes and explains how and why the Neolithic advanced in stages. We uncouple the mechanisms of migration and information exchange and also of migration and the spread of agropastoralism. We find that (1) an indigenous form of agropastoralism could well have arisen in certain Mediterranean landscapes but not in northern and central Europe, where it depended on imported technology and material; (2) both demic diffusion b
Carsten Lemmen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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On the sensitivity of the simulated European Neolithic transition to climate extremes
2016Co-Authors: Carsten Lemmen, Kai W. WirtzAbstract:Was the spread of agropastoralism from the Fertile Crescent throughout Europe influenced by extreme climate events, or was it independent of climate? We here generate idealized climate events using palaeoclimate records. In a mathematical model of regional Sociocultural Development, these events disturb the subsistence base of simulated forager and farmer societies. We evaluate the regional simulated transition timings and durations against a published large set of radiocarbon dates for western Eurasia; the model is able to realistically hindcast much of the inhomogeneous space-time evolution of regional Neolithic transitions. Our study shows that the consideration of climate events improves the simulation of typical lags between cultural complexes, but that the overall difference to a model without climate events is not significant. Climate events may not have been as important for early Sociocultural dynamics as endogenous factors
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A simulation of the Neolithic transition in Western Eurasia
2011Co-Authors: Carsten Lemmen, Detlef Gronenbornb, Kai W. WirtzAbstract:Farming and herding were introduced to Europe from the Near East and Anatolia; there are, however, considerable arguments about the mechanisms of this transition. Were it the people who moved and either outplaced or admixed with the indigenous hunter-gatherer groups? Or was it material and information that moved—the Neolithic Package— consisting of domesticated plants and animals and the knowledge of their use? The latter process is commonly referred to as cultural diffusion and the former as demic diffusion. Despite continuous and partly combined efforts by archaeologists, anthropologists, linguists, palaeontologists and geneticists, a final resolution of the debate has not yet been reached. In the present contribution we interpret results from the Global Land Use and technological Evolution Simulator (GLUES). This mathematical model simulates regional Sociocultural Development embedded in the geoenvironmental context during the Holocene. We demonstrate that the model is able to realistically hindcast the expansion speed and the inhomogeneous space-time evolution of the transition to agropastoralism in western Eurasia. In contrast to models that do not resolve endogenous Sociocultural dynamics, our model describes and explains how and why the Neolithic advanced in stages. We uncouple the mechanisms of migration and information exchange and also of migration and the spread of agropastoralism. We find that (1) an indigenous form of agropastoralism could well have arisen in certain Mediterranean landscapes but not in northern and central Europe, where it depended on imported technology and material; (2) both demic diffusion b
Hučić Anamarija - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of creative industries on Sociocultural Development of cities : example of Zagreb and London
University of Zagreb. Faculty of Economics and Business. Department of Tourism., 2020Co-Authors: Hučić AnamarijaAbstract:U ovom radu provodi se komparativna analiza kreativnih industrija i događaja u Zagrebu i Londonu. Kulturne i kreativne industrije posljednjih godina postale su popularan smjer lokalnog razvoja gradova i njihovog brendiranja. Ulaskom Hrvatske u Europsku uniju, otvorile su se mogućnosti za jačanje konkurentnosti u navedenom sektoru, poticanjem razvoja korištenjem EU fondova. Kreativne industrije javljaju se u područjima oglašavanja, arhitekture, tržišta umjetnina i antikviteta, zanata, dizajna, mode, filma, interaktivnog zabavnog softvera, glazbe, izvedbenih umjetnosti, izdavaštva, TV i radio programa. Iz spomenutih industrija razvio se model kreativnih gradova, koji uključuje kreativne četvrti, događaje i klastere. U sinergiji s turizmom, kreativne industrije mogu pretvoriti arhitektonska rješenja, filmske lokacije, ulična događanja, te kulturne institucije i njihove edukacije u turističke atrakcije s kojima se razvija kreativni turizam. Kreativne industrije imaju poseban značaj u stvaranju dodatne vrijednosti koja uključuje gospodarski rast, ekološku osvještenost, zapošljavanje, te sociokulturni razvoj stanovništva. Zagreb je nedavno pogođen potresom i posljedicama pandemije Covid 19 virusa, u svim područjima i sektorima prevladava velika neizvjesnost, a kulturni i kreativni događaji koriste online platforme za prijenos sadržaja i komunikaciju s izoliranom publikom. Svugdje u svijetu, pa tako i u Hrvatskoj, teško je ostati optimističan, ali kultura i kreativnost ponovo su pokazali veliku snagu, pozitivu i podršku koja je društvu potrebna više nego ikad. Stoga se na kraju rada daje kritički osvrt na aktualne teme u zemlji i na temelju vlastitog istraživanja pokazuje kako dio građana vidi i ocjenjuje kreativnu ponudu Zagreba i Londona, koje online aktivnosti provode za vrijeme izolacije, te koji su njihovi prijedlozi u vezi poboljšanja kreativne ponude. Za potrebe izrade rada korišteno je sekundarno istraživanje iz različitih izvora, te je provedeno primarno istraživanje u obliku online upitnika.This master thesis conducts a comparative analysis of creative industries and events in Zagreb and London. In recent years, the cultural and creative industries have become a popular direction in the local Development of cities and their branding. With the accession of Croatia to the European Union, opportunities have opened up for strengthening competitiveness in this sector, by encouraging Development through the use of EU funds. Creative industries occur in the areas of advertising, architecture, art and antiques markets, crafts, design, fashion, film, interactive entertainment software, music, performing arts, publishing, TV and radio programs. From the mentioned industries, a model of creative cities has been developed, which includes creative neighborhoods, events and clusters. In synergy with tourism, creative industries can turn architectural solutions, film locations, street events, and cultural institutions and their education into tourist attractions with which creative tourism develops. Creative industries have a special significance in creating added value, which includes economic growth, environmental awareness, employment, and socio-cultural Development of the population. Zagreb has recently been hit by an earthquake and the consequences of pandemic caused by Covid-19 virus, great uncertainty prevails in all areas and sectors, and cultural and creative events use online platforms to transmit content and communicate with isolated audiences. Everywhere in the world, including Croatia, it is difficult to remain optimistic, but culture and creativity have once again shown the great strength, positivity and support that society needs more than ever. Therefore, at the end of the thesis, a critical review of current topics in the country is given and based on primary research it is emphasized how some citizens see and evaluate the creative offer of Zagreb and London, which online activities are carried out during isolation, and what are their suggestions for improving creative offer. For the purposes of preparing the master thesis, secondary research from various sources was used, as well as primary research in the form of an online survey