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Lynne Boddy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Wood deComposition by the ‘cord-forming’ fungus Resinicium bicolor: interactive effect of home base size and quality with its surrounding Soil Composition (Pereputan kayu oleh kulat ‘bebenang’ Resinicium bicolor: kesan saling tindak kualiti dan saiz
Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Science, 2015Co-Authors: Abd Jamil Zakaria, Lynne BoddyAbstract:Wood deComposition by the wood rotting basidiomycete fungus Resinicium bicolor as affected by the wood block size itself (home base), its quality and surrounding Soil Composition, and their interactive effects were investigated in 24 cm x 24 cm Soil tray microcosms. Home base relative decay rate (mg/g/d), final percentage of weight loss and mycelial days to regression were not affected by home base size. Exception was when the home base was very small, ranging from 0.5–2.0 cm3 (as compared to 4–16 cm3) where the relative decay rate and percentage of weight loss decreased with increase in home base size. The absolute decay rate (mg/d) of home base was linearly increased with increasing home base size. Home base quality did not affect its relative decay rate, percentage of weight loss and days to mycelial regression. Soil Composition greatly influenced wood deComposition. Increased in Soil carbon markedly increased the home base relative decay rate and final percentage of weight loss, and reduced mycelial days to regression. There was no significant interactive effect between home base quality and Soil Composition. Relationship between home base wood deComposition with mycelial biomass and foraging morphology was discussed. Keywords: wood deComposition; Resinicium bicolor; home base size; home base quality; Soil Composition; cord-formers; Soil carbon
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Mycelial foraging by Resinicium bicolor: interactive effects of resource quantity, quality and Soil Composition
FEMS microbiology ecology, 2002Co-Authors: Abd Jamil Zakaria, Lynne BoddyAbstract:The mycelial response of the wood-rotting basidiomycete Resinicium bicolor to the nutritional status of its environment, the interactive effects of food base quantity and quality and of Soil Composition were investigated in trays of forest Soil. Effects on mycelial extension, hyphal coverage and mycelial morphology (described by fractal dimensions, D) were quantified. Mycelial extension rate, rate of increase in hyphal coverage and D all increased with increasing inoculum size. Inoculum quality affected development: extension and rate of increase of hyphal coverage were faster when inocula had been originally colonised by cultures growing on malt agar than on water agar, and by inocula colonised for 3 months rather than 12 months. Soil carbon status and/or structure also affected development, with the slowest extension and hyphal coverage occurring on ashed and unamended Soils with the lowest carbon status. Morphology was dramatically altered on ashed Soils (zero carbon), where extremely crooked cords developed in contrast to relatively straight, occasionally branching cords which formed in non-ashed Soils. Results are discussed in relation to fungal foraging.
Krishna R Reddy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Soil Composition on electrokinetically enhanced persulfate oxidation of polychlorobiphenyls
Electrochimica Acta, 2012Co-Authors: Yeliz Yukselen-aksoy, Krishna R ReddyAbstract:Abstract In situ oxidation processes for the remediation of organic contaminants in Soils have gained much interest in last decade. They are rapid, aggressive and easy to apply, but their application in low permeability Soils is limited due to the ineffective delivery of oxidants in such Soils. In this study, electrokinetically enhanced persulfate delivery and oxidation is investigated in two diverse low permeability Soils: artificially contaminated kaolin and glacial till Soil. These two Soils were used to investigate the effects of Soil type on persulfate oxidation of tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 44), a representative polychlorobiphenyl (PCB). Laboratory batch tests were conducted using the Soils spiked with PCB 44 at an initial concentration of 50 mg/kg to determine the optimal conditions for effective oxidation. This study also investigated the activation of persulfate by elevated temperature (45 °C) and high pH (at anode) as a means to maximize PCB degradation. The activation of persulfate improved the oxidation of PCB in kaolin, but the effect in the glacial till was insignificant. The final pH values of the kaolin were around 1, while they were around 7 for glacial till because of the high buffering capacity of glacial till. Low pH conditions are also shown to activate persulfate, leading to higher PCB oxidation. The degradation of PCB 44 was significantly higher for the kaolin than the glacial till. In kaolin, the highest level of PCB oxidation, 77.9%, was achieved with temperature activated persulfate in 7 days. However, in the glacial till the highest PCB oxidation was 14.4% with 30% Na-persulfate concentration without any activation. The high buffering capacity, non-homogeneous mineral content and high organic content of glacial till may have contributed to the low persulfate oxidation of PCB.
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effects of Soil Composition on the removal of chromium by electrokinetics
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 1997Co-Authors: Krishna R Reddy, Usha S Parupudi, Srinivas N Devulapalli, Charlie Yu XuAbstract:Electrokinetic experiments were conducted on three different types of Soil: glacial till, kaolin and Na-montmorillonite, in order to investigate the effect of Soil mineralogy and naturally occurring hematite (Fe2O3) on the removal of chromium from these Soils. Batch tests were also performed to characterize Cr(VI) adsorption onto these Soils. This study has shown that Soils which contain high carbonate buffers, such as the glacial till, hinder the development of an acid front, which results in alkaline conditions throughout the Soil during electrokinetic remediation. However, Soils possessing low buffering capacity, such as kaolin and Na-montmorillonite, favor the development of an acid front which results in a distinct pH gradient with pH values varying from 2 near the anode to over 11 near the cathode. The results from the adsorption tests showed that Cr(VI) adsorption onto Soils depends on the Soil type and Soil pH. The adsorption of Cr(VI) was found to be governed by Soil surface complexation reactions and was significant in Na-montmorillonite, moderate in kaolin and low in glacial till. The Cr(VI) adsorption was found to be pH dependent, with low adsorption occurring at high pH values and high adsorption occurring at low pH values. The low adsorption of Cr(VI) under alkaline conditions in the glacial till resulted in high Cr(VI) removal during electrokinetics. Moderate Cr(VI) adsorption in the acidic regions in kaolin resulted in lower Cr(VI) removal than in the glacial till. High Cr(VI) adsorption in acidic regions of Na-montmorillonite resulted in low Cr(VI) migration. The presence of hematite or iron oxide in Soils on the removal of Cr(VI) by electrokinetics depends on the Soil mineralogical Composition. In Soils such as glacial till, the presence of iron oxide creates complex geochemistry and retards Cr(VI) removal. However, in homogeneous clays such as kaolin and Na-montmorillonite, the presence of iron oxide does not significantly affect Cr(VI) removal by electrokinetics.
Abd Jamil Zakaria - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Wood deComposition by the ‘cord-forming’ fungus Resinicium bicolor: interactive effect of home base size and quality with its surrounding Soil Composition (Pereputan kayu oleh kulat ‘bebenang’ Resinicium bicolor: kesan saling tindak kualiti dan saiz
Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Science, 2015Co-Authors: Abd Jamil Zakaria, Lynne BoddyAbstract:Wood deComposition by the wood rotting basidiomycete fungus Resinicium bicolor as affected by the wood block size itself (home base), its quality and surrounding Soil Composition, and their interactive effects were investigated in 24 cm x 24 cm Soil tray microcosms. Home base relative decay rate (mg/g/d), final percentage of weight loss and mycelial days to regression were not affected by home base size. Exception was when the home base was very small, ranging from 0.5–2.0 cm3 (as compared to 4–16 cm3) where the relative decay rate and percentage of weight loss decreased with increase in home base size. The absolute decay rate (mg/d) of home base was linearly increased with increasing home base size. Home base quality did not affect its relative decay rate, percentage of weight loss and days to mycelial regression. Soil Composition greatly influenced wood deComposition. Increased in Soil carbon markedly increased the home base relative decay rate and final percentage of weight loss, and reduced mycelial days to regression. There was no significant interactive effect between home base quality and Soil Composition. Relationship between home base wood deComposition with mycelial biomass and foraging morphology was discussed. Keywords: wood deComposition; Resinicium bicolor; home base size; home base quality; Soil Composition; cord-formers; Soil carbon
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Mycelial foraging by Resinicium bicolor: interactive effects of resource quantity, quality and Soil Composition
FEMS microbiology ecology, 2002Co-Authors: Abd Jamil Zakaria, Lynne BoddyAbstract:The mycelial response of the wood-rotting basidiomycete Resinicium bicolor to the nutritional status of its environment, the interactive effects of food base quantity and quality and of Soil Composition were investigated in trays of forest Soil. Effects on mycelial extension, hyphal coverage and mycelial morphology (described by fractal dimensions, D) were quantified. Mycelial extension rate, rate of increase in hyphal coverage and D all increased with increasing inoculum size. Inoculum quality affected development: extension and rate of increase of hyphal coverage were faster when inocula had been originally colonised by cultures growing on malt agar than on water agar, and by inocula colonised for 3 months rather than 12 months. Soil carbon status and/or structure also affected development, with the slowest extension and hyphal coverage occurring on ashed and unamended Soils with the lowest carbon status. Morphology was dramatically altered on ashed Soils (zero carbon), where extremely crooked cords developed in contrast to relatively straight, occasionally branching cords which formed in non-ashed Soils. Results are discussed in relation to fungal foraging.
Mats Tysklind - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The influence of Soil Composition on the leachability of selected hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) from Soils using a batch leaching test
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2013Co-Authors: Silviu-laurentiu Badea, Staffan Lundstedt, Per Liljelind, Mats TysklindAbstract:The influence of Soil Composition (peat and clay content) on the leachability was investigated in batch leaching experiments for chemically diverse hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs: PCP, PAHs, H ...
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The influence of Soil Composition on the leachability of selected hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) from Soils using a batch leaching test.
Journal of hazardous materials, 2013Co-Authors: Silviu-laurentiu Badea, Staffan Lundstedt, Per Liljelind, Mats TysklindAbstract:The influence of Soil Composition (peat and clay content) on the leachability was investigated in batch leaching experiments for chemically diverse hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs: PCP, PAHs, HCB, HCHs, PCBs, and TCDD/Fs). An experimental design was applied to generate 8 diverse Soil matrices, and the results were evaluated by orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS), as well as compound specific response surface models. Overall, the distribution coefficients (logKd) of model HOCs were in the range of approx. 2.0-5.7. The Kd-values of HCHs, phenanthrene and PCP were positively correlated with the peat content. Kd-values of benzo(a)anthracene, HCB, and PCB 47 were positively correlated with both peat and clay content. The Kd-values of 1,3,6,8-TCDD and 1,3,6,8-TCDF were positively correlated with peat content but negatively correlated with clay content, while for PCB 153 and PCB 155 the correlations were reversed. The correlation between the Kd-values and the compounds' Kow-values was linearly for compounds with log Kow 6, the Kd-values were leveling off, possibly due to small particles in the leachates. Our study demonstrated how complex interaction between both the organic matter and clay components influences the leachability of HOCs in a compound-specific manner.
R S Swift - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of Soil Composition and dissolved organic matter on pesticide sorption
Science of The Total Environment, 2002Co-Authors: K M Spark, R S SwiftAbstract:The effect of the solid and dissolved organic matter fractions, mineral Composition and ionic strength of the Soil solution on the sorption behaviour of pesticides were studied. A number of Soils, chosen so as to have different clay mineral and organic carbon content, were used to study the sorption of the pesticides atrazine (6-chloro-N-2-ethyl-N-4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), 2,4-D ((2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid), isoproturon (3-(4-isopropylphenyl)1,1-dimethylurea) and paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium) in the presence of low and high levels of dissolved organic carbon and different background electrolytes. The sorption behaviour of atrazine, isoproturon and paraquat was dominated by the solid state Soil components and the presence of dissolved organic matter had little effect. The sorption of 2,4-D was slightly affected by the soluble organic matter in the Soil. However, this effect may be due to competition for adsorption sites between the pesticide and the soluble organic matter rather than due to a positive interaction between the pesticide and the soluble fraction of Soil organic matter. It is concluded that the major factor governing the sorption of these pesticides is the solid state organic fraction with the clay mineral content also making a significant contribution. The dissolved organic carbon fraction of the total organic carbon in the Soil and the ionic strength of the Soil solution appear to have little or no effect on the sorption/transport characteristics of these pesticides over the range of concentrations studied. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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Effect of Soil Composition and dissolved organic matter on pesticide sorption.
The Science of the total environment, 2002Co-Authors: K M Spark, R S SwiftAbstract:The effect of the solid and dissolved organic matter fractions, mineral Composition and ionic strength of the Soil solution on the sorption behaviour of pesticides were studied. A number of Soils, chosen so as to have different clay mineral and organic carbon content, were used to study the sorption of the pesticides atrazine (6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), 2,4-D ((2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid), isoproturon (3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) and paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium) in the presence of low and high levels of dissolved organic carbon and different background electrolytes. The sorption behaviour of atrazine, isoproturon and paraquat was dominated by the solid state Soil components and the presence of dissolved organic matter had little effect. The sorption of 2,4-D was slightly affected by the soluble organic matter in the Soil. However, this effect may be due to competition for adsorption sites between the pesticide and the soluble organic matter rather than due to a positive interaction between the pesticide and the soluble fraction of Soil organic matter. It is concluded that the major factor governing the sorption of these pesticides is the solid state organic fraction with the clay mineral content also making a significant contribution. The dissolved organic carbon fraction of the total organic carbon in the Soil and the ionic strength of the Soil solution appear to have little or no effect on the sorption/transport characteristics of these pesticides over the range of concentrations studied.
