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Bjarne W. Strobel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Natural alkaloids from narrow-leaf and yellow lupins transfer to Soil and Soil solution in agricultural fields
Environmental Sciences Europe, 2020Co-Authors: Jawameer R. Hama, Bjarne W. StrobelAbstract:Background Lupin is a promising legume crop, belongs to the Fabaceae (or Leguminosae ) family. Lupin production for traditional and functional foods or animal feed is limited, due to the content of toxic quinolizidine (QA)s and indole alkaloids (IA)s. These compounds may not only pose a risk to humans and animals through food consumption, but may also affect Soil and aquatic ecosystems. Field experiments were conducted to study the alkaloids content in both narrow-leaved or blue ( L. angustifolius ) and yellow ( L. luteus ) lupin plant tissue during a full growing season and understand the environmental fate of alkaloids in Soil and Water. Suction cups were used to collect Soil Pore Water (Soil solution) at four depths: 10, 25, 50 and 70 cm. A full protocol for sample preparation and UPLC–MS/MS quantification of alkaloids in plant, Soil and Water was developed. Results During the field experiments the alkaloids in the plant tissues increased, at the harvest stage the content was highest with 21.4 and 24.6 mg/kg dry weight (dw) for blue and yellow lupin, respectively. In Soil, alkaloids quantified during the growing season (max concentration was 1.3 × 10^2 µg/kg dw) and even detected after harvest (0.2 µg/kg dw). In Soil Pore Water samples, alkaloids were not detected during summer, but the concentrations increased to 9.8 × 10^2 and 1.5 × 10^3 ng/L for blue and yellow, respectively, in September when autumn precipitation began. Conclusions The results show the amount of alkaloids transferred from plant tissue into Soil and Soil Pore Water estimated to be on average 0.016% and 0.005% in Soil and Soil Pore Water, respectively. Alkaloids leached from topSoil to subSoil layers; the concentrations decline with Soil depth. This study demonstrates that alkaloids are mobile compounds in the Soil environments, thus lupin production may affect Soil or aquatic ecosystems, and reduce Water quality.
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Natural alkaloids from narrow-leaf and yellow lupins transfer to Soil and Soil solution in agricultural fields
Environmental Sciences Europe, 2020Co-Authors: Jawameer R. Hama, Bjarne W. StrobelAbstract:Lupin is a promising legume crop, belongs to the Fabaceae (or Leguminosae) family. Lupin production for traditional and functional foods or animal feed is limited, due to the content of toxic quinolizidine (QA)s and indole alkaloids (IA)s. These compounds may not only pose a risk to humans and animals through food consumption, but may also affect Soil and aquatic ecosystems. Field experiments were conducted to study the alkaloids content in both narrow-leaved or blue (L. angustifolius) and yellow (L. luteus) lupin plant tissue during a full growing season and understand the environmental fate of alkaloids in Soil and Water. Suction cups were used to collect Soil Pore Water (Soil solution) at four depths: 10, 25, 50 and 70 cm. A full protocol for sample preparation and UPLC–MS/MS quantification of alkaloids in plant, Soil and Water was developed. During the field experiments the alkaloids in the plant tissues increased, at the harvest stage the content was highest with 21.4 and 24.6 mg/kg dry weight (dw) for blue and yellow lupin, respectively. In Soil, alkaloids quantified during the growing season (max concentration was 1.3 × 102 µg/kg dw) and even detected after harvest (0.2 µg/kg dw). In Soil Pore Water samples, alkaloids were not detected during summer, but the concentrations increased to 9.8 × 102 and 1.5 × 103 ng/L for blue and yellow, respectively, in September when autumn precipitation began. The results show the amount of alkaloids transferred from plant tissue into Soil and Soil Pore Water estimated to be on average 0.016% and 0.005% in Soil and Soil Pore Water, respectively. Alkaloids leached from topSoil to subSoil layers; the concentrations decline with Soil depth. This study demonstrates that alkaloids are mobile compounds in the Soil environments, thus lupin production may affect Soil or aquatic ecosystems, and reduce Water quality.
Jawameer R. Hama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Natural alkaloids from narrow-leaf and yellow lupins transfer to Soil and Soil solution in agricultural fields
Environmental Sciences Europe, 2020Co-Authors: Jawameer R. Hama, Bjarne W. StrobelAbstract:Background Lupin is a promising legume crop, belongs to the Fabaceae (or Leguminosae ) family. Lupin production for traditional and functional foods or animal feed is limited, due to the content of toxic quinolizidine (QA)s and indole alkaloids (IA)s. These compounds may not only pose a risk to humans and animals through food consumption, but may also affect Soil and aquatic ecosystems. Field experiments were conducted to study the alkaloids content in both narrow-leaved or blue ( L. angustifolius ) and yellow ( L. luteus ) lupin plant tissue during a full growing season and understand the environmental fate of alkaloids in Soil and Water. Suction cups were used to collect Soil Pore Water (Soil solution) at four depths: 10, 25, 50 and 70 cm. A full protocol for sample preparation and UPLC–MS/MS quantification of alkaloids in plant, Soil and Water was developed. Results During the field experiments the alkaloids in the plant tissues increased, at the harvest stage the content was highest with 21.4 and 24.6 mg/kg dry weight (dw) for blue and yellow lupin, respectively. In Soil, alkaloids quantified during the growing season (max concentration was 1.3 × 10^2 µg/kg dw) and even detected after harvest (0.2 µg/kg dw). In Soil Pore Water samples, alkaloids were not detected during summer, but the concentrations increased to 9.8 × 10^2 and 1.5 × 10^3 ng/L for blue and yellow, respectively, in September when autumn precipitation began. Conclusions The results show the amount of alkaloids transferred from plant tissue into Soil and Soil Pore Water estimated to be on average 0.016% and 0.005% in Soil and Soil Pore Water, respectively. Alkaloids leached from topSoil to subSoil layers; the concentrations decline with Soil depth. This study demonstrates that alkaloids are mobile compounds in the Soil environments, thus lupin production may affect Soil or aquatic ecosystems, and reduce Water quality.
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Natural alkaloids from narrow-leaf and yellow lupins transfer to Soil and Soil solution in agricultural fields
Environmental Sciences Europe, 2020Co-Authors: Jawameer R. Hama, Bjarne W. StrobelAbstract:Lupin is a promising legume crop, belongs to the Fabaceae (or Leguminosae) family. Lupin production for traditional and functional foods or animal feed is limited, due to the content of toxic quinolizidine (QA)s and indole alkaloids (IA)s. These compounds may not only pose a risk to humans and animals through food consumption, but may also affect Soil and aquatic ecosystems. Field experiments were conducted to study the alkaloids content in both narrow-leaved or blue (L. angustifolius) and yellow (L. luteus) lupin plant tissue during a full growing season and understand the environmental fate of alkaloids in Soil and Water. Suction cups were used to collect Soil Pore Water (Soil solution) at four depths: 10, 25, 50 and 70 cm. A full protocol for sample preparation and UPLC–MS/MS quantification of alkaloids in plant, Soil and Water was developed. During the field experiments the alkaloids in the plant tissues increased, at the harvest stage the content was highest with 21.4 and 24.6 mg/kg dry weight (dw) for blue and yellow lupin, respectively. In Soil, alkaloids quantified during the growing season (max concentration was 1.3 × 102 µg/kg dw) and even detected after harvest (0.2 µg/kg dw). In Soil Pore Water samples, alkaloids were not detected during summer, but the concentrations increased to 9.8 × 102 and 1.5 × 103 ng/L for blue and yellow, respectively, in September when autumn precipitation began. The results show the amount of alkaloids transferred from plant tissue into Soil and Soil Pore Water estimated to be on average 0.016% and 0.005% in Soil and Soil Pore Water, respectively. Alkaloids leached from topSoil to subSoil layers; the concentrations decline with Soil depth. This study demonstrates that alkaloids are mobile compounds in the Soil environments, thus lupin production may affect Soil or aquatic ecosystems, and reduce Water quality.
Rafael Clemente - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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field sampling of Soil Pore Water to evaluate trace element mobility and associated environmental risk
Environmental Pollution, 2011Co-Authors: Eduardo Morenojimenez, Luke Beesley, Nicholas W Lepp, Nicholas M Dickinson, William Hartley, Rafael ClementeAbstract:Monitoring Soil pollution is a key aspect in sustainable management of contaminated land but there is often debate over what should be monitored to assess ecological risk. Soil Pore Water, containing the most labile pollutant fraction in Soils, can be easily collected in situ offering a routine way to monitor this risk. We present a compilation of data on concentration of trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in Soil Pore Water collected in field conditions from a range of polluted and non-polluted Soils in Spain and the UK during single and repeated monitoring, and propose a simple eco-toxicity test using this media. Sufficient Pore Water could be extracted for analysis both under semi-arid and temperate conditions, and eco-toxicity comparisons could be effectively made between polluted and non-polluted Soils. We propose that in-situ Pore Water extraction could enhance the realism of risk assessment at some contaminated sites.
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mobility of arsenic cadmium and zinc in a multi element contaminated Soil profile assessed by in situ Soil Pore Water sampling column leaching and sequential extraction
Environmental Pollution, 2010Co-Authors: Luke Beesley, Eduardo Morenojimenez, Rafael Clemente, Nicholas W Lepp, Nicholas M DickinsonAbstract:Three methods for predicting element mobility in Soils have been applied to an iron-rich Soil, contaminated with arsenic, cadmium and zinc. Soils were collected from 0 to 30 cm, 30 to 70 cm and 70 to 100 cm depths in the field and Soil Pore Water was collected at different depths from an adjacent 100 cm deep trench. Sequential extraction and a column leaching test in the laboratory were compared to element concentrations in Pore Water sampled directly from the field. Arsenic showed low extractability, low leachability and occurred at low concentrations in Pore Water samples. Cadmium and zinc were more labile and present in higher concentrations in Pore Water, increasing with Soil depth. Pore Water sampling gave the best indication of short term element mobility when field conditions were taken into account, but further extraction and leaching procedures produced a fuller picture of element dynamics, revealing highly labile Cd deep in the Soil profile.
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Source-pathway-receptor investigation of the fate of trace elements derived from shotgun pellets discharged in terrestrial ecosystems managed for game shooting.
Environmental pollution (Barking Essex : 1987), 2009Co-Authors: Jennifer C. Sneddon, Rafael Clemente, Philip Riby, Nicholas W LeppAbstract:Abstract Spent shotgun pellets may contaminate terrestrial ecosystems. We examined the fate of elements originating from shotgun pellets in pasture and woodland ecosystems. Two source–receptor pathways: i) Soil–Soil Pore Water–plant and ii) whole earthworm/worm gut contents – washed and unwashed small mammal hair were investigated. Concentrations of Pb and associated contaminants were higher in Soils from shot areas than controls. Arsenic and lead concentrations were positively correlated in Soils, Soil Pore Water and associated biota. Element concentrations in biota were below statutory levels in all locations. Bioavailability of lead to small mammals, based on concentrations in washed body hair was low. Lead movement from Soil Water to higher trophic levels was minor compared to lead adsorbed onto body surfaces. Lead was concentrated in earthworm gut and some plants. Results indicate that managed game shooting presents minimal risk in terms of element transfer to Soils and their associated biota.
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mobility of metals and metalloids in a multi element contaminated Soil 20 years after cessation of the pollution source activity
Environmental Pollution, 2008Co-Authors: Rafael Clemente, Nicholas M Dickinso, Nicholas W LeppAbstract:Knowledge of trace element concentrations and mobility is important in the ecotoxicological assessment of contaminated Soils. We analysed Soil Pore Water under field conditions to provide new insights into the mobility of residual contaminants in the surface 50 cm of a highly contaminated woodland Soil. Cadmium and Zn were highly mobile in the acidic Soil, concentrations increasing with depth in Soil Pore Water, showing considerable downward mobility. High levels of surface organic matter restricted the solubility of Cu, Pb and Sb, with highest concentrations being found close to the surface. Dissolved organic carbon in Pore Water had a strong influence on mobility of Cu, Zn, Pb and Sb. Elevated As had moved from the organic surface horizons but was largely immobilised in deeper layers and associated with Fe and Al oxides. The measured differential mobility of pollutants in the present study is highly relevant to protection of groundWater and other receptors.
Michael J. Lydy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A multi-year field study to evaluate the environmental fate and agronomic effects of insecticide mixtures
Science of The Total Environment, 2014Co-Authors: Sara A. Whiting, Katherine E. Strain, Laura A. Campbell, Bryan G. Young, Michael J. LydyAbstract:A mixture of insecticides used in corn production was monitored over a three-year period in a field study to determine how long each persists in the environment, where each insecticide travels within the corn field, and the efficacyof usingSoil-appliedinsecticideswith geneticallymodifiedcorn.Thegeneticallymodifiedcorncontained the insecticidal Cry1Ab and Cry3Bb1 proteins (Bt corn) and the Cry1Ab protein was found to persist only during the corn growing season in Soil, runoff Water, and runoff sediment with highest concentrations measured during pollination. Very low concentrations of Cry1Ab proteins were measured in Soil collected in the non-Bt corn field, and no Cry1Ab proteins were detected in shallow groundWater or Soil Pore Water. Clothianidin, a neonicotinoid insecticide used as a seed coating, was detected in all matrices and remained persistent throughout the year in Soil Pore Water. Tefluthrin, a pyrethroid insecticide applied at planting to control corn rootworm larvae (Diabrotica spp., Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) populations, was consistently detected in Soil, runoff Water, and runoff sediment during the corn growing season, but was not detected in groundWater or Soil Pore Water. Tefluthrin did not have an effect on root damage from corn rootworm larvae feeding to Bt corn, but did prevent damage to non-Bt corn. A slight reduction in grain yield was observed in the non-Bt, no tefluthrin treatment when compared to all other treatments, but no significant difference in grain yield was observed among Bt
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A multi-year field study to evaluate the environmental fate and agronomic effects of insecticide mixtures.
The Science of the total environment, 2014Co-Authors: Sara A. Whiting, Katherine E. Strain, Laura A. Campbell, Bryan G. Young, Michael J. LydyAbstract:A mixture of insecticides used in corn production was monitored over a three-year period in a field study to determine how long each persists in the environment, where each insecticide travels within the corn field, and the efficacy of using Soil-applied insecticides with genetically modified corn. The genetically modified corn contained the insecticidal Cry1Ab and Cry3Bb1 proteins (Bt corn) and the Cry1Ab protein was found to persist only during the corn growing season in Soil, runoff Water, and runoff sediment with highest concentrations measured during pollination. Very low concentrations of Cry1Ab proteins were measured in Soil collected in the non-Bt corn field, and no Cry1Ab proteins were detected in shallow groundWater or Soil Pore Water. Clothianidin, a neonicotinoid insecticide used as a seed coating, was detected in all matrices and remained persistent throughout the year in Soil Pore Water. Tefluthrin, a pyrethroid insecticide applied at planting to control corn rootworm larvae (Diabrotica spp., Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) populations, was consistently detected in Soil, runoff Water, and runoff sediment during the corn growing season, but was not detected in groundWater or Soil Pore Water. Tefluthrin did not have an effect on root damage from corn rootworm larvae feeding to Bt corn, but did prevent damage to non-Bt corn. A slight reduction in grain yield was observed in the non-Bt, no tefluthrin treatment when compared to all other treatments, but no significant difference in grain yield was observed among Bt corn treatments regardless of Soil insecticide application. In the current study, the use of tefluthrin on Bt corn did not significantly affect crop damage or yield, and tefluthrin may travel off-site in runoff Water and sediment.
Nicholas W Lepp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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field sampling of Soil Pore Water to evaluate trace element mobility and associated environmental risk
Environmental Pollution, 2011Co-Authors: Eduardo Morenojimenez, Luke Beesley, Nicholas W Lepp, Nicholas M Dickinson, William Hartley, Rafael ClementeAbstract:Monitoring Soil pollution is a key aspect in sustainable management of contaminated land but there is often debate over what should be monitored to assess ecological risk. Soil Pore Water, containing the most labile pollutant fraction in Soils, can be easily collected in situ offering a routine way to monitor this risk. We present a compilation of data on concentration of trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in Soil Pore Water collected in field conditions from a range of polluted and non-polluted Soils in Spain and the UK during single and repeated monitoring, and propose a simple eco-toxicity test using this media. Sufficient Pore Water could be extracted for analysis both under semi-arid and temperate conditions, and eco-toxicity comparisons could be effectively made between polluted and non-polluted Soils. We propose that in-situ Pore Water extraction could enhance the realism of risk assessment at some contaminated sites.
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Arsenic mobility and speciation in a contaminated urban Soil are affected by different methods of green waste compost application.
Environmental pollution (Barking Essex : 1987), 2010Co-Authors: William Hartley, Nicholas M Dickinson, Philip Riby, Elizabeth Leese, Jackie Morton, Nicholas W LeppAbstract:Application of green waste compost (GWC) to brownfield land is now common practice in Soil restoration. However, previous studies have demonstrated both beneficial and detrimental effects on arsenic and metal mobility. In this paper, trace element behaviour was investigated following GWC application, either as surface mulch to, or mixed into Soil from a previously described brownfield site in the U.K. Significant differences in arsenic mobility were observed between treatments. Mulching caused most disturbance, significantly increasing Soil Pore Water As, together with Fe, P, Cr, Ni and dissolved organic carbon, the latter was a critical factor enhancing As mobilization. Arsenate was the main inorganic As species in Soil Pore Water, increasing in concentration over time. An initial flush of potentially more toxic arsenite decreased 4 weeks after compost application. Biological processes appeared to play an important role in influencing As mobility. The results point to the necessity for careful management of As-contaminated Soils.
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mobility of arsenic cadmium and zinc in a multi element contaminated Soil profile assessed by in situ Soil Pore Water sampling column leaching and sequential extraction
Environmental Pollution, 2010Co-Authors: Luke Beesley, Eduardo Morenojimenez, Rafael Clemente, Nicholas W Lepp, Nicholas M DickinsonAbstract:Three methods for predicting element mobility in Soils have been applied to an iron-rich Soil, contaminated with arsenic, cadmium and zinc. Soils were collected from 0 to 30 cm, 30 to 70 cm and 70 to 100 cm depths in the field and Soil Pore Water was collected at different depths from an adjacent 100 cm deep trench. Sequential extraction and a column leaching test in the laboratory were compared to element concentrations in Pore Water sampled directly from the field. Arsenic showed low extractability, low leachability and occurred at low concentrations in Pore Water samples. Cadmium and zinc were more labile and present in higher concentrations in Pore Water, increasing with Soil depth. Pore Water sampling gave the best indication of short term element mobility when field conditions were taken into account, but further extraction and leaching procedures produced a fuller picture of element dynamics, revealing highly labile Cd deep in the Soil profile.
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Source-pathway-receptor investigation of the fate of trace elements derived from shotgun pellets discharged in terrestrial ecosystems managed for game shooting.
Environmental pollution (Barking Essex : 1987), 2009Co-Authors: Jennifer C. Sneddon, Rafael Clemente, Philip Riby, Nicholas W LeppAbstract:Abstract Spent shotgun pellets may contaminate terrestrial ecosystems. We examined the fate of elements originating from shotgun pellets in pasture and woodland ecosystems. Two source–receptor pathways: i) Soil–Soil Pore Water–plant and ii) whole earthworm/worm gut contents – washed and unwashed small mammal hair were investigated. Concentrations of Pb and associated contaminants were higher in Soils from shot areas than controls. Arsenic and lead concentrations were positively correlated in Soils, Soil Pore Water and associated biota. Element concentrations in biota were below statutory levels in all locations. Bioavailability of lead to small mammals, based on concentrations in washed body hair was low. Lead movement from Soil Water to higher trophic levels was minor compared to lead adsorbed onto body surfaces. Lead was concentrated in earthworm gut and some plants. Results indicate that managed game shooting presents minimal risk in terms of element transfer to Soils and their associated biota.
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mobility of metals and metalloids in a multi element contaminated Soil 20 years after cessation of the pollution source activity
Environmental Pollution, 2008Co-Authors: Rafael Clemente, Nicholas M Dickinso, Nicholas W LeppAbstract:Knowledge of trace element concentrations and mobility is important in the ecotoxicological assessment of contaminated Soils. We analysed Soil Pore Water under field conditions to provide new insights into the mobility of residual contaminants in the surface 50 cm of a highly contaminated woodland Soil. Cadmium and Zn were highly mobile in the acidic Soil, concentrations increasing with depth in Soil Pore Water, showing considerable downward mobility. High levels of surface organic matter restricted the solubility of Cu, Pb and Sb, with highest concentrations being found close to the surface. Dissolved organic carbon in Pore Water had a strong influence on mobility of Cu, Zn, Pb and Sb. Elevated As had moved from the organic surface horizons but was largely immobilised in deeper layers and associated with Fe and Al oxides. The measured differential mobility of pollutants in the present study is highly relevant to protection of groundWater and other receptors.
