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Christoph Schmidt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Soil Type management history and Soil amendments influence the development of Soil borne rhizoctonia solani pythium ultimum and air borne phytophthora infestans hyaloperonospora parasitica diseases
European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2010Co-Authors: Lucius Tamm, Barbara Thurig, Christian Bruns, Jacques G Fuchs, Ulrich Kopke, Matias Laustela, Carlo Leifert, Nicole Mahlberg, Bruno Nietlispach, Christoph SchmidtAbstract:The impact of Soil Type, long-term Soil management, and short-term fertility input strategies on the suppressiveness of Soils against Soil-borne (Ocimum basilicum – Rhizoctonia solani, Lepidium sativum – Pythium ultimum) as well as air-borne (Lycopersicon esculentum – Phytophthora infestans, Arabidopsis thaliana – Hyaloperonospora parasitica) diseases was studied. Soils from field trials established in five European sites with contrasting pedo-climatic conditions were examined. Sites included (i) a long-term management field trial comparing organic and conventional farming systems (DOK-trial, Therwil, Switzerland) (ii) a short-term fertility input field trial comparing mineral and organic matter fertilisation regimes (Bonn (BON), Germany) (iii) two short-term fertility input field trials (Stockbridge (STC) and Tadcaster (TAD), UK) comparing the impact of farmyard manure, composted farmyard manure, and chicken manure pellet amendements and (iv) Soil from a site used as a reference (Reckenholz (REC), Switzerland). Soil Type affected disease suppressiveness of the four pathosystems signficantly, indicating that Soils can not only affect the development of Soil-borne, but also the resistance of plants to air-borne diseases at relevant levels. Suppressiveness to Soil- and air-borne diseases was shown to be affected by Soil Type, but also by long-term management as well as short-term fertility inputs.
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Soil Type management history and Soil amendments influence the development of Soil borne rhizoctonia solani pythium ultimum and air borne phytophthora infestans hyaloperonospora parasitica diseases
European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2010Co-Authors: Lucius Tamm, Barbara Thurig, Christian Bruns, Jacques G Fuchs, Ulrich Kopke, Matias Laustela, Carlo Leifert, Nicole Mahlberg, Bruno Nietlispach, Christoph SchmidtAbstract:The impact of Soil Type, long-term Soil management, and short-term fertility input strategies on the suppressiveness of Soils against Soil-borne (Ocimum basilicum – Rhizoctonia solani, Lepidium sativum – Pythium ultimum) as well as air-borne (Lycopersicon esculentum – Phytophthora infestans, Arabidopsis thaliana – Hyaloperonospora parasitica) diseases was studied. Soils from field trials established in five European sites with contrasting pedo-climatic conditions were examined. Sites included (i) a long-term management field trial comparing organic and conventional farming systems (DOK-trial, Therwil, Switzerland) (ii) a short-term fertility input field trial comparing mineral and organic matter fertilisation regimes (Bonn (BON), Germany) (iii) two short-term fertility input field trials (Stockbridge (STC) and Tadcaster (TAD), UK) comparing the impact of farmyard manure, composted farmyard manure, and chicken manure pellet amendements and (iv) Soil from a site used as a reference (Reckenholz (REC), Switzerland). Soil Type affected disease suppressiveness of the four pathosystems signficantly, indicating that Soils can not only affect the development of Soil-borne, but also the resistance of plants to air-borne diseases at relevant levels. Suppressiveness to Soil- and air-borne diseases was shown to be affected by Soil Type, but also by long-term management as well as short-term fertility inputs.
Wayne H Polley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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co2 enrichment and Soil Type additively regulate grassland productivity
New Phytologist, 2019Co-Authors: Wayne H Polley, Virginia L Jin, Michael J Aspinwall, H P Collins, Anne E Gibson, Richard A Gill, Robert B Jackson, Albina Khasanova, Lara G ReichmannAbstract:Atmospheric CO2 enrichment usually increases the aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of grassland vegetation, but the magnitude of the ANPP-CO2 response differs among ecosystems. Soil properties affect ANPP via multiple mechanisms and vary over topographic to geographic gradients, but have received little attention as potential modifiers of the ANPP-CO2 response. We assessed the effects of three Soil Types, sandy loam, silty clay and clay, on the ANPP response of perennial C3 /C4 grassland communities to a subambient to elevated CO2 gradient over 10 yr in Texas, USA. We predicted an interactive, rather than additive, effect of CO2 and Soil Type on ANPP. Contrary to prediction, CO2 and Soil additively influenced grassland ANPP. Increasing CO2 by 250 μl l-1 increased ANPP by 170 g m-2 across Soil Types. Increased clay content from 10% to 50% among Soils reduced ANPP by 50 g m-2 . CO2 enrichment increased ANPP via a predominant direct effect, accompanied by a smaller indirect effect mediated by a successional shift to increased dominance of the C4 tallgrass Sorghastrum nutans. Our results indicate a large, positive influence of CO2 enrichment on grassland productivity that resulted from the direct physiological benefits of CO2 augmented by species succession, and was expressed similarly across Soils of differing physical properties.
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Soil Type and moisture regime control microbial c and n mineralization in grassland Soils more than atmospheric co2 induced changes in litter quality
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Virginia L Jin, Richard L Haney, Philip A Fay, Wayne H PolleyAbstract:Abstract Global change-induced alterations in litter quality and Soil moisture regime will likely impact grassland C and N dynamics, but how these changes interact with edaphic properties across the landscape is unclear. We measured the effects of litter quality, Soil Type, Soil moisture level, and Soil drying-rewetting frequency (D-RW) on microbial C and N mineralization of litter and Soil organic matter (SOM) in a full-factorial, controlled incubation experiment. Four levels of litter quality (no litter; or litter from Bouteloua curtipendula grown under 280, 380, 500 μL L−1 CO2) were surface-applied to three contrasting Soils common to Blackland Prairie landscapes: an upland Mollisol, a lowland Vertisol, and a fluvial Alfisol. Different Soil moisture regimes were tested by incubating Soils at four moisture levels (air-dry, 25%, 35%, or 50% water-holding capacity, WHC) and by drying-rewetting Soils 0, 1, 2, 4 or 8 times over the 112-d incubation period. Litter additions stimulated microbial activity, increasing total CO2 production (i.e. C mineralized from litter + SOM decomposition) up to 17× more than no-litter controls (average 3×) and decreasing net N mineralization up to −3× less (average −0.5×) due to greater microbial N immobilization. Neither C nor N mineralization, however, was affected by litter quality. For all Soils, litter decomposition increased with increasing WHC and D-RW frequency, but the average percent of total CO2 derived from litter was a negative function of SOM content. Similarly, net N mineralization also was positively correlated with Soil WHC and affected most strongly by Soil Type (Alfisol
Murray K Clayton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Soil Type mediates effects of land use on Soil carbon and nitrogen in the konya basin turkey
Geoderma, 2014Co-Authors: Marc Mayes, Erika Marinspiotta, L M Szymanski, Akif M Erdogan, Mutlu Ozdogan, Murray K ClaytonAbstract:Abstract Objective The goal of this study was to test for the effects of land use and Soil Type on Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total Soil nitrogen (N) stocks in an arid region with a long history of cultivation and animal husbandry. Arid to semi-arid landscapes cover a large proportion of the Earth's surface and are sensitive to agricultural intensification and projected changes in climate, yet data on landscape controls on SOC and N remain scarce. Methods We used a state factor approach to study the effects of Soil Type and land use on surface SOC and total Soil N (0–25 cm) across 35 sites in a 200 km2 area in the Konya Basin, an important agricultural region of Turkey. Using Landsat-based land cover maps, we identified three representative land uses – annual-crop agriculture, orchards and grazing lands – stratified across Aridisols formed on three different parent materials: alluvial clay-loam, lacustrine clay and terrace sandy loam Soils. Results SOC and N stocks depended strongly on Soil Type with strong interactions between Soil Type and land use. On alluvial Soils, grazing land SOC and N stocks were 37% and 23% greater, respectively, than those of agricultural sites and 63% and 50% greater than at orchard sites. In contrast, agricultural sites on lacustrine Soils contained 41% more SOC and 42% more Soil N. There were no land use effects on terrace Soils. The vertical distribution in SOC and N within the top 25 cm, representing the plow layer in the agricultural sites, differed by Soil Type and land use. Conclusions Soil Type best explained landscape-scale variability of SOC and N stocks. Interactions between Soil Type and land use indicate that the long-term effects of land use on SOC and N were mediated by Soil Type. Differences in SOC and N stocks across Soil Types even within the same Soil order highlight the importance of identifying pedogenic differences in Soil properties, such as texture and mineralogy, which can influence the response of SOC and N to land use. Practice implications Our study contributes baseline data on SOC and N for a semi-arid region, which can be used to aid development of landscape-scale models of SOC and N dynamics and inform land management. Our data reveal that assessments of regional land use effects on SOC and N in arid to semi-arid environments should account for landscape to regional variability in Soils developing on different geomorphic surfaces and parent materials.
Lucius Tamm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Soil Type management history and Soil amendments influence the development of Soil borne rhizoctonia solani pythium ultimum and air borne phytophthora infestans hyaloperonospora parasitica diseases
European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2010Co-Authors: Lucius Tamm, Barbara Thurig, Christian Bruns, Jacques G Fuchs, Ulrich Kopke, Matias Laustela, Carlo Leifert, Nicole Mahlberg, Bruno Nietlispach, Christoph SchmidtAbstract:The impact of Soil Type, long-term Soil management, and short-term fertility input strategies on the suppressiveness of Soils against Soil-borne (Ocimum basilicum – Rhizoctonia solani, Lepidium sativum – Pythium ultimum) as well as air-borne (Lycopersicon esculentum – Phytophthora infestans, Arabidopsis thaliana – Hyaloperonospora parasitica) diseases was studied. Soils from field trials established in five European sites with contrasting pedo-climatic conditions were examined. Sites included (i) a long-term management field trial comparing organic and conventional farming systems (DOK-trial, Therwil, Switzerland) (ii) a short-term fertility input field trial comparing mineral and organic matter fertilisation regimes (Bonn (BON), Germany) (iii) two short-term fertility input field trials (Stockbridge (STC) and Tadcaster (TAD), UK) comparing the impact of farmyard manure, composted farmyard manure, and chicken manure pellet amendements and (iv) Soil from a site used as a reference (Reckenholz (REC), Switzerland). Soil Type affected disease suppressiveness of the four pathosystems signficantly, indicating that Soils can not only affect the development of Soil-borne, but also the resistance of plants to air-borne diseases at relevant levels. Suppressiveness to Soil- and air-borne diseases was shown to be affected by Soil Type, but also by long-term management as well as short-term fertility inputs.
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Soil Type management history and Soil amendments influence the development of Soil borne rhizoctonia solani pythium ultimum and air borne phytophthora infestans hyaloperonospora parasitica diseases
European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2010Co-Authors: Lucius Tamm, Barbara Thurig, Christian Bruns, Jacques G Fuchs, Ulrich Kopke, Matias Laustela, Carlo Leifert, Nicole Mahlberg, Bruno Nietlispach, Christoph SchmidtAbstract:The impact of Soil Type, long-term Soil management, and short-term fertility input strategies on the suppressiveness of Soils against Soil-borne (Ocimum basilicum – Rhizoctonia solani, Lepidium sativum – Pythium ultimum) as well as air-borne (Lycopersicon esculentum – Phytophthora infestans, Arabidopsis thaliana – Hyaloperonospora parasitica) diseases was studied. Soils from field trials established in five European sites with contrasting pedo-climatic conditions were examined. Sites included (i) a long-term management field trial comparing organic and conventional farming systems (DOK-trial, Therwil, Switzerland) (ii) a short-term fertility input field trial comparing mineral and organic matter fertilisation regimes (Bonn (BON), Germany) (iii) two short-term fertility input field trials (Stockbridge (STC) and Tadcaster (TAD), UK) comparing the impact of farmyard manure, composted farmyard manure, and chicken manure pellet amendements and (iv) Soil from a site used as a reference (Reckenholz (REC), Switzerland). Soil Type affected disease suppressiveness of the four pathosystems signficantly, indicating that Soils can not only affect the development of Soil-borne, but also the resistance of plants to air-borne diseases at relevant levels. Suppressiveness to Soil- and air-borne diseases was shown to be affected by Soil Type, but also by long-term management as well as short-term fertility inputs.
Virginia L Jin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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co2 enrichment and Soil Type additively regulate grassland productivity
New Phytologist, 2019Co-Authors: Wayne H Polley, Virginia L Jin, Michael J Aspinwall, H P Collins, Anne E Gibson, Richard A Gill, Robert B Jackson, Albina Khasanova, Lara G ReichmannAbstract:Atmospheric CO2 enrichment usually increases the aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of grassland vegetation, but the magnitude of the ANPP-CO2 response differs among ecosystems. Soil properties affect ANPP via multiple mechanisms and vary over topographic to geographic gradients, but have received little attention as potential modifiers of the ANPP-CO2 response. We assessed the effects of three Soil Types, sandy loam, silty clay and clay, on the ANPP response of perennial C3 /C4 grassland communities to a subambient to elevated CO2 gradient over 10 yr in Texas, USA. We predicted an interactive, rather than additive, effect of CO2 and Soil Type on ANPP. Contrary to prediction, CO2 and Soil additively influenced grassland ANPP. Increasing CO2 by 250 μl l-1 increased ANPP by 170 g m-2 across Soil Types. Increased clay content from 10% to 50% among Soils reduced ANPP by 50 g m-2 . CO2 enrichment increased ANPP via a predominant direct effect, accompanied by a smaller indirect effect mediated by a successional shift to increased dominance of the C4 tallgrass Sorghastrum nutans. Our results indicate a large, positive influence of CO2 enrichment on grassland productivity that resulted from the direct physiological benefits of CO2 augmented by species succession, and was expressed similarly across Soils of differing physical properties.
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Soil Type and moisture regime control microbial c and n mineralization in grassland Soils more than atmospheric co2 induced changes in litter quality
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Virginia L Jin, Richard L Haney, Philip A Fay, Wayne H PolleyAbstract:Abstract Global change-induced alterations in litter quality and Soil moisture regime will likely impact grassland C and N dynamics, but how these changes interact with edaphic properties across the landscape is unclear. We measured the effects of litter quality, Soil Type, Soil moisture level, and Soil drying-rewetting frequency (D-RW) on microbial C and N mineralization of litter and Soil organic matter (SOM) in a full-factorial, controlled incubation experiment. Four levels of litter quality (no litter; or litter from Bouteloua curtipendula grown under 280, 380, 500 μL L−1 CO2) were surface-applied to three contrasting Soils common to Blackland Prairie landscapes: an upland Mollisol, a lowland Vertisol, and a fluvial Alfisol. Different Soil moisture regimes were tested by incubating Soils at four moisture levels (air-dry, 25%, 35%, or 50% water-holding capacity, WHC) and by drying-rewetting Soils 0, 1, 2, 4 or 8 times over the 112-d incubation period. Litter additions stimulated microbial activity, increasing total CO2 production (i.e. C mineralized from litter + SOM decomposition) up to 17× more than no-litter controls (average 3×) and decreasing net N mineralization up to −3× less (average −0.5×) due to greater microbial N immobilization. Neither C nor N mineralization, however, was affected by litter quality. For all Soils, litter decomposition increased with increasing WHC and D-RW frequency, but the average percent of total CO2 derived from litter was a negative function of SOM content. Similarly, net N mineralization also was positively correlated with Soil WHC and affected most strongly by Soil Type (Alfisol
