The Experts below are selected from a list of 3132 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Pia Piroschka Otte - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Solar Cooking in mozambique an investigation of end user s needs for the design of Solar cookers
Energy Policy, 2014Co-Authors: Pia Piroschka OtteAbstract:Abstract Sub-Saharan Africa is characterized by insufficient access to modern energy. One solution to this problem could be the use of Solar energy to satisfy the current energy demand. However, Solar energy technologies have shown limited success up to now. In the literature it is argued that Solar cookers are often implemented as a “solution looking for a problem”, without consideration of the end-user needs. This study contributes to this debate by investigating the energy patterns and Cooking profiles of public institutions for the design and implementation of Solar cookers in the case of Mozambique. Interviews were conducted with 12 health institutions in Maputo and Sofala province in Mozambique. The paper concludes that Solar Cooking presents one solution to overcome the energy crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa but not the only solution. Solar cookers could improve the current Cooking situation if combined with heat storage, back up, or a hybrid system that ensures reliability also during evening hours and rainy days. In general we could see that Solar cookers should fulfill a variety of requirements related to Cooking habits, schedule of daily routine and performance that are considered to enhance levels of use.
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A (new) cultural turn toward Solar Cooking—Evidence from six case studies across India and Burkina Faso
Energy research and social science, 2014Co-Authors: Pia Piroschka OtteAbstract:Abstract Solar Cooking can generally be described as a way to use the sun's energy for Cooking. Despite its multiple benefits as a clean, modular, simple source of energy, the implementation of Solar cookers is not as widespread as one would hope. In the literature it is argued that Solar cookers are not adopted because they are often considered to be culturally disruptive. This paper shines a new light on the cultural dynamics of Cooking by showcasing the social acceptance of Solar cookers. Six cases are presented from two different countries, Burkina Faso and India where a particular type of Solar cooker (Scheffler reflectors) was installed among bakeries, shea nut butter producers, and steam kitchens. These cases demonstrate how cultural factors can be adoption-enhancing or limiting in different contexts. In essence, the paper finds that Solar cookers are successfully implemented where they conform to underlying cultural factors. The study concludes that by implementing Solar cookers as part of an existing socio-cultural framework, Solar cookers move away from an image of a mere foreign technology to an integrated part of the target society.
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a new cultural turn toward Solar Cooking evidence from six case studies across india and burkina faso
Energy research and social science, 2014Co-Authors: Pia Piroschka OtteAbstract:Abstract Solar Cooking can generally be described as a way to use the sun's energy for Cooking. Despite its multiple benefits as a clean, modular, simple source of energy, the implementation of Solar cookers is not as widespread as one would hope. In the literature it is argued that Solar cookers are not adopted because they are often considered to be culturally disruptive. This paper shines a new light on the cultural dynamics of Cooking by showcasing the social acceptance of Solar cookers. Six cases are presented from two different countries, Burkina Faso and India where a particular type of Solar cooker (Scheffler reflectors) was installed among bakeries, shea nut butter producers, and steam kitchens. These cases demonstrate how cultural factors can be adoption-enhancing or limiting in different contexts. In essence, the paper finds that Solar cookers are successfully implemented where they conform to underlying cultural factors. The study concludes that by implementing Solar cookers as part of an existing socio-cultural framework, Solar cookers move away from an image of a mere foreign technology to an integrated part of the target society.
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Solar Cooking in Mozambique—an investigation of end-user׳s needs for the design of Solar cookers
Energy Policy, 2014Co-Authors: Pia Piroschka OtteAbstract:Abstract Sub-Saharan Africa is characterized by insufficient access to modern energy. One solution to this problem could be the use of Solar energy to satisfy the current energy demand. However, Solar energy technologies have shown limited success up to now. In the literature it is argued that Solar cookers are often implemented as a “solution looking for a problem”, without consideration of the end-user needs. This study contributes to this debate by investigating the energy patterns and Cooking profiles of public institutions for the design and implementation of Solar cookers in the case of Mozambique. Interviews were conducted with 12 health institutions in Maputo and Sofala province in Mozambique. The paper concludes that Solar Cooking presents one solution to overcome the energy crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa but not the only solution. Solar cookers could improve the current Cooking situation if combined with heat storage, back up, or a hybrid system that ensures reliability also during evening hours and rainy days. In general we could see that Solar cookers should fulfill a variety of requirements related to Cooking habits, schedule of daily routine and performance that are considered to enhance levels of use.
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Warming Up to Solar Cooking – A Comparative Study on Motivations and the Adoption of Institutional Solar Cookers in Developing Countries
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: Pia Piroschka OtteAbstract:Abstract In many developing countries people rely on firewood as a primary energy source which has negative health and environmental consequences. Solar Cooking offers a solution to overcome those problems. The promotion of Solar cookers has become very popular over the years and a wide range of organizations promote different types of Solar cookers around the world. However, it is not clear how many of those Cooking systems are still in use. The literature on Solar cookers is very limited and has focused mainly on household Solar cookers, while Solar cookers for institutional applications have been ignored. This study contributes to this debate by comparing application levels of an institutional type of Solar cooker (Scheffler reflectors) in different developing countries. Preliminary results show that different types of motivational factors play an important role for adopting this type of Solar cooker. Motivational aspects were divided into economic, health and environmental factors. The analysis shows that in nine out of 24 cases Scheffler reflectors were in use and that in all these nine cases motivational factors were present. Furthermore, we can see that institutions mainly emphasize economic and environmental motivational aspects, while positive health effects were mentioned in just two cases. In addition, three identified cultural variables were present in all nine positive adoption cases. The study shows that the more similar the Solar kitchen is to the conventional way of Cooking, the more successful it tends to be. However, those cultural variables alone do not lead to the continuous use of Solar cookers; they have to be combined with the earlier-mentioned motivational aspects.
C.a.a. Butijn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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what s Cooking unverified assumptions overlooking of local needs and pro solution biases in the Solar Cooking literature
Energy research and social science, 2017Co-Authors: L. Iessa, Y.a. De Vries, C.e. Swinkels, Mattijs Smits, C.a.a. ButijnAbstract:Solar cookers have been tested and studied in various settings, but despite their envisioned benefits – reduction of deforestation, economic benefits, improved health, and empowerment of women – results have been modest at best. This article performs a critical review of the literature on Solar Cooking (SC), to scrutinise the assumptions and methodological choices that may explain this conundrum. The literature review yielded 32 articles on Solar cookers in Sub-Saharan Africa, where most SC projects can be found. Four recurrent types of issues stand out: local needs are often not sufficiently considered, existing Cooking and fuelwood practices are seen as obstacles, many articles show a prosolution bias and there is a lack of methodologically sound impact studies. To overcome these issues, practice theory – which analyses the practice of Cooking from the logic of the practice, rather than from an external point of view – is proposed to guide and focus future SC projects and studies. Furthermore, ethnographical methods can provide new and grounded evidence and allow for a stronger focus on local needs. These approaches can provide a fruitful evidence base to analyse the role of Solar-Cooking in achieving sustainable and long-term development benefits in the Global South.
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What’s Cooking? Unverified assumptions, overlooking of local needs and pro-solution biases in the Solar Cooking literature
Energy Research & Social Science, 2017Co-Authors: L. Iessa, Y.a. De Vries, C.e. Swinkels, Mattijs Smits, C.a.a. ButijnAbstract:Solar cookers have been tested and studied in various settings, but despite their envisioned benefits – reduction of deforestation, economic benefits, improved health, and empowerment of women – results have been modest at best. This article performs a critical review of the literature on Solar Cooking (SC), to scrutinise the assumptions and methodological choices that may explain this conundrum. The literature review yielded 32 articles on Solar cookers in Sub-Saharan Africa, where most SC projects can be found. Four recurrent types of issues stand out: local needs are often not sufficiently considered, existing Cooking and fuelwood practices are seen as obstacles, many articles show a prosolution bias and there is a lack of methodologically sound impact studies. To overcome these issues, practice theory – which analyses the practice of Cooking from the logic of the practice, rather than from an external point of view – is proposed to guide and focus future SC projects and studies. Furthermore, ethnographical methods can provide new and grounded evidence and allow for a stronger focus on local needs. These approaches can provide a fruitful evidence base to analyse the role of Solar-Cooking in achieving sustainable and long-term development benefits in the Global South.
Steven Van Passel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Solar Cooking in senegalese villages an application of best worst scaling
Energy Policy, 2014Co-Authors: Janka Vanschoenwinkel, Sebastien Lizin, Gilbert Swinnen, Hossein Azadi, Steven Van PasselAbstract:Abstract Dissemination programs of nontraditional cookstoves often fail. Nontraditional cookstoves aim to solve problems associated with biomass fuel usage in developing countries. Recent studies do not explain what drives user's cookstove choice. This study therefore builds a holistic framework that centralizes product-specific preferences or needs. The case study identifies product-specific factors that influence rural Senegalese inhabitants to switch to Solar Cooking, using best–worst scaling. Looking at the preferences, the case study classified 126 respondents, in three distinct market segments with different Solar Cooking expectations. The paper identifies socio-demographic characteristics that explain these differences in the respondents' preferences. Finally, the respondent sample is divided in two groups: Solar cooker owners and non-owners. When studied with regard to the same issue, Solar cooker owners appear to value benefits of the Solar cooker lower than non-owners. This is due to program factors (such as formations, after-sales network) and miscommunication (such as a wrong image of the Solar cooker) that highly influenced the respondents' cookstove choice. As a conclusion, Solar cookers and Solar Cooking programs are not always adapted to the needs and requirements of the end-users. Needs-oriented and end-user adopted strategies are necessary in order to successfully implement nontraditional cookstoves programs.
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Solar Cooking in Senegalese villages: An application of best–worst scaling
Energy Policy, 2014Co-Authors: Janka Vanschoenwinkel, Sebastien Lizin, Gilbert Swinnen, Hossein Azadi, Steven Van PasselAbstract:Abstract Dissemination programs of nontraditional cookstoves often fail. Nontraditional cookstoves aim to solve problems associated with biomass fuel usage in developing countries. Recent studies do not explain what drives user's cookstove choice. This study therefore builds a holistic framework that centralizes product-specific preferences or needs. The case study identifies product-specific factors that influence rural Senegalese inhabitants to switch to Solar Cooking, using best–worst scaling. Looking at the preferences, the case study classified 126 respondents, in three distinct market segments with different Solar Cooking expectations. The paper identifies socio-demographic characteristics that explain these differences in the respondents' preferences. Finally, the respondent sample is divided in two groups: Solar cooker owners and non-owners. When studied with regard to the same issue, Solar cooker owners appear to value benefits of the Solar cooker lower than non-owners. This is due to program factors (such as formations, after-sales network) and miscommunication (such as a wrong image of the Solar cooker) that highly influenced the respondents' cookstove choice. As a conclusion, Solar cookers and Solar Cooking programs are not always adapted to the needs and requirements of the end-users. Needs-oriented and end-user adopted strategies are necessary in order to successfully implement nontraditional cookstoves programs.
L. Iessa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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what s Cooking unverified assumptions overlooking of local needs and pro solution biases in the Solar Cooking literature
Energy research and social science, 2017Co-Authors: L. Iessa, Y.a. De Vries, C.e. Swinkels, Mattijs Smits, C.a.a. ButijnAbstract:Solar cookers have been tested and studied in various settings, but despite their envisioned benefits – reduction of deforestation, economic benefits, improved health, and empowerment of women – results have been modest at best. This article performs a critical review of the literature on Solar Cooking (SC), to scrutinise the assumptions and methodological choices that may explain this conundrum. The literature review yielded 32 articles on Solar cookers in Sub-Saharan Africa, where most SC projects can be found. Four recurrent types of issues stand out: local needs are often not sufficiently considered, existing Cooking and fuelwood practices are seen as obstacles, many articles show a prosolution bias and there is a lack of methodologically sound impact studies. To overcome these issues, practice theory – which analyses the practice of Cooking from the logic of the practice, rather than from an external point of view – is proposed to guide and focus future SC projects and studies. Furthermore, ethnographical methods can provide new and grounded evidence and allow for a stronger focus on local needs. These approaches can provide a fruitful evidence base to analyse the role of Solar-Cooking in achieving sustainable and long-term development benefits in the Global South.
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What’s Cooking? Unverified assumptions, overlooking of local needs and pro-solution biases in the Solar Cooking literature
Energy Research & Social Science, 2017Co-Authors: L. Iessa, Y.a. De Vries, C.e. Swinkels, Mattijs Smits, C.a.a. ButijnAbstract:Solar cookers have been tested and studied in various settings, but despite their envisioned benefits – reduction of deforestation, economic benefits, improved health, and empowerment of women – results have been modest at best. This article performs a critical review of the literature on Solar Cooking (SC), to scrutinise the assumptions and methodological choices that may explain this conundrum. The literature review yielded 32 articles on Solar cookers in Sub-Saharan Africa, where most SC projects can be found. Four recurrent types of issues stand out: local needs are often not sufficiently considered, existing Cooking and fuelwood practices are seen as obstacles, many articles show a prosolution bias and there is a lack of methodologically sound impact studies. To overcome these issues, practice theory – which analyses the practice of Cooking from the logic of the practice, rather than from an external point of view – is proposed to guide and focus future SC projects and studies. Furthermore, ethnographical methods can provide new and grounded evidence and allow for a stronger focus on local needs. These approaches can provide a fruitful evidence base to analyse the role of Solar-Cooking in achieving sustainable and long-term development benefits in the Global South.
Ali Hajji - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modeling, testing, and parametric analysis of a parabolic Solar Cooking system with heat storage for indoor Cooking
Energy Sustainability and Society, 2017Co-Authors: Ndiaga Mbodji, Ali HajjiAbstract:In an ever-changing world where needs increase daily due to economic growth and demographic progression, where prices are unstable, where reserves are running out, where climate change is topical, the energy issues are increasingly marked by the question of sustainability. In many developing countries, wood and subsidized butane are the main sources of energy used for Cooking in households. The use of Solar energy in domestic Cooking becomes unavoidable. Several models of Solar cookers have been proposed, but most of them dealt with box and oven types of Solar cookers without storage. This paper presents a dynamic thermodynamic model of a parabolic Solar Cooking system (PSCS) with heat storage, along with a comparison of the model solution with experimental measurements. The model uses various thermal resistances to take into account heat transfer between the different parts of the system. The first experimental setup consists of a parabolic concentrator (0.80-m diameter and 0.08-m depth) and a 1.57-l cylindrical receiver. The second experimental setup is composed of a parabolic concentrator (1.40-m diameter and 0.16-m depth), the same receiver, and a 6.64-l heat storage. Tests were carried out in Rabat, Morocco, between April 24 and July 10, 2014, and between May 15 and June 18, 2015. Synthetic oil is used as a transfer fluid and a sensible heat storage. Comparison between predicted and measured temperatures shows a good agreement with a relative error of ± 4.4%. The effects of important system design and operating parameters were also analyzed. The results show that a 50 W m−2 increase of the daily maximum Solar radiation increases the storage temperature by 4 °C and a 5% increase of the receiver reflectance or absorptance improves the maximum storage temperature by 3.6 and 3.9 °C, respectively. Optimizing the aspect ratio of the receiver to 2 gives a maximum storage temperature of 85 °C. Increasing the thermal fluid mass flow rate from 0 to 18 kg h−1, or the receiver thermal insulation from 0.01 to 0.08 m, increases the maximum storage temperature by 65 and 17 °C, respectively.
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Modeling, testing, and parametric analysis of a parabolic Solar Cooking system with heat storage for indoor Cooking
Energy Sustainability and Society, 2017Co-Authors: Ndiaga Mbodji, Ali HajjiAbstract:Background In an ever-changing world where needs increase daily due to economic growth and demographic progression, where prices are unstable, where reserves are running out, where climate change is topical, the energy issues are increasingly marked by the question of sustainability. In many developing countries, wood and subsidized butane are the main sources of energy used for Cooking in households. The use of Solar energy in domestic Cooking becomes unavoidable. Several models of Solar cookers have been proposed, but most of them dealt with box and oven types of Solar cookers without storage. Methods This paper presents a dynamic thermodynamic model of a parabolic Solar Cooking system (PSCS) with heat storage, along with a comparison of the model solution with experimental measurements. The model uses various thermal resistances to take into account heat transfer between the different parts of the system. Results The first experimental setup consists of a parabolic concentrator (0.80-m diameter and 0.08-m depth) and a 1.57-l cylindrical receiver. The second experimental setup is composed of a parabolic concentrator (1.40-m diameter and 0.16-m depth), the same receiver, and a 6.64-l heat storage. Tests were carried out in Rabat, Morocco, between April 24 and July 10, 2014, and between May 15 and June 18, 2015. Synthetic oil is used as a transfer fluid and a sensible heat storage. Conclusions Comparison between predicted and measured temperatures shows a good agreement with a relative error of ± 4.4%. The effects of important system design and operating parameters were also analyzed. The results show that a 50 W m^−2 increase of the daily maximum Solar radiation increases the storage temperature by 4 °C and a 5% increase of the receiver reflectance or absorptance improves the maximum storage temperature by 3.6 and 3.9 °C, respectively. Optimizing the aspect ratio of the receiver to 2 gives a maximum storage temperature of 85 °C. Increasing the thermal fluid mass flow rate from 0 to 18 kg h^−1, or the receiver thermal insulation from 0.01 to 0.08 m, increases the maximum storage temperature by 65 and 17 °C, respectively.
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Performance Testing of a Parabolic Solar Concentrator for Solar Cooking
Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Ndiaga Mbodji, Ali HajjiAbstract:The objective of the present work is to conduct a worthwhile experimental study of the performance of a parabolic Solar concentrator for Solar Cooking. The literature survey briefly highlights the standard performance tests of Solar cookers and gives the experimental studies obtained by some authors. Our experimental device, made from simple means using local materials, consists of a parabolic concentrator having a 0.80 m diameter and 0.08 m depth as well as a cylindrical absorber with a 0.10 m diameter and is 0.20 m long. The testing period started on April 24th, 2014 and continued till July 10th of the same year, in Rabat (33°53′ N, 6°59′ W), Morocco. The average ambient temperature is 24 °C. The results show that using synthetic oil as the heat transfer medium has achieved a maximum temperature of 153 °C against 97 °C with water. The overall heat loss coefficient is estimated to be 17.6 W m−2 °C−1. The energy and exergy efficiencies are, respectively, 29.0–2.4% and 0.1–0.5%. Adding a glass cover on the front face of the absorber improved the maximum temperature by 15 °C. Automatic two-axis sun tracking system also increased the maximum temperature by 13 °C compared to manual tracking system.