The Experts below are selected from a list of 288 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hao Zhong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Optical Performance of Horizontal Single-Axis Tracked Solar Panels
Energy Procedia, 2012Co-Authors: Guihua Li, Runsheng Tang, Hao ZhongAbstract:To investigate the optical performance of horizontal single-axis tracked Solar panels, a mathematical procedure to estimate daily collectible radiation on fixed, 2-axis and horizontal single-axis tracked Solar panels was developed based the Solar geometry and monthly horizontal radiation. Results showed that the annual Solar Gain on a horizontal single-axis tracked Solar panel was related to the orientation of the horizontal tracking axis, tracking the sun about the east-west axis was worst to boost the energy collection of tracked panels, and tracking the sun about the south-north axis was best. Results also indicated that the ratio on south-north single-axis tracked Solar panels to that with full 2- axis sun-tracking decreased with the increase in site latitude, implying that the horizontal south-north axis suntracking was suitable to be employed in the region with lower geographical latitude.
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Optical performance of inclined south–north axis three-positions tracked Solar panels
Energy, 2011Co-Authors: Hao Zhong, Runsheng Tang, Guihua Li, Wenli DongAbstract:In this work, the optical performance of Solar panels with a new sun-tracking technique was theoretically investigated based on the proposed mathematical method and monthly horizontal radiation. The mechanism of the investigated sun-tracking is that the attitude angle of Solar panels is daily adjusted three times at three fixed positions: eastward, southward, and westward in the morning, noon, and afternoon, respectively, by rotating Solar panels about the inclined south–north axis (ISNA-3P sun-tracking). Calculation results showed that, for ISNA-3P tracked Solar panels with a yearly fixed tilt-angle of the ISNA, the maximum annual collectible radiation on ISNA-3P tracked Solar panels was about 93% of that on a Solar panel with 2-axis sun-tracking; whereas for those with the ISNA being yearly adjusted four times at three fixed tilt-angles, it was about 96%. Results also indicated that the attempt to further increase the annual Solar Gain on ISNA-3P tracked Solar panels by seasonally optimizing design of the sun-tracking system for maximizing Solar Gain in each of four seasons was not efficient, and thus not advisable in practical applications. Optimal parametric designs of such sun-tracking system for maximizing the annual Solar Gain on Solar panels in different cases were also presented.
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Optical performance of inclined south-north axis three-positions tracked Solar panels
Energy, 2011Co-Authors: Hao Zhong, Runsheng Tang, Guihua Li, Wenli DongAbstract:In this work, the optical performance of Solar panels with a new sun-tracking technique was theoretically investigated based on the proposed mathematical method and monthly horizontal radiation. The mechanism of the investigated sun-tracking is that the attitude angle of Solar panels is daily adjusted three times at three fixed positions: eastward, southward, and westward in the morning, noon, and afternoon, respectively, by rotating Solar panels about the inclined south-north axis (ISNA-3P sun-tracking). Calculation results showed that, for ISNA-3P tracked Solar panels with a yearly fixed tilt-angle of the ISNA, the maximum annual collectible radiation on ISNA-3P tracked Solar panels was about 93% of that on a Solar panel with 2-axis sun-tracking; whereas for those with the ISNA being yearly adjusted four times at three fixed tilt-angles, it was about 96%. Results also indicated that the attempt to further increase the annual Solar Gain on ISNA-3P tracked Solar panels by seasonally optimizing design of the sun-tracking system for maximizing Solar Gain in each of four seasons was not efficient, and thus not advisable in practical applications. Optimal parametric designs of such sun-tracking system for maximizing the annual Solar Gain on Solar panels in different cases were also presented. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Runsheng Tang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Optical Performance of Horizontal Single-Axis Tracked Solar Panels
Energy Procedia, 2012Co-Authors: Guihua Li, Runsheng Tang, Hao ZhongAbstract:To investigate the optical performance of horizontal single-axis tracked Solar panels, a mathematical procedure to estimate daily collectible radiation on fixed, 2-axis and horizontal single-axis tracked Solar panels was developed based the Solar geometry and monthly horizontal radiation. Results showed that the annual Solar Gain on a horizontal single-axis tracked Solar panel was related to the orientation of the horizontal tracking axis, tracking the sun about the east-west axis was worst to boost the energy collection of tracked panels, and tracking the sun about the south-north axis was best. Results also indicated that the ratio on south-north single-axis tracked Solar panels to that with full 2- axis sun-tracking decreased with the increase in site latitude, implying that the horizontal south-north axis suntracking was suitable to be employed in the region with lower geographical latitude.
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Optical performance and design optimization of V-trough concentrators for photovoltaic applications
Solar Energy, 2011Co-Authors: Runsheng TangAbstract:Abstract In this work, a detailed mathematical procedure to estimate collectible radiation on the base of a V-trough concentrator, to which Solar cells are attached, was developed based on the imaging principle of planar mirrors, Solar geometry and monthly horizontal radiation. This model allows predicting the optical performance of V-troughs with any structural and installation parameters, and optimizing the design of such concentrator. Calculation results showed that for fixed east–west aligned V-troughs (EW-V troughs, in short) with given geometric concentration factor (Cg) and side wall reflectivity (ρ), the annual Solar Gain depended on its opening angle, tilt-angle of the aperture and climatic conditions in sites, and a set of optimal opening angle and aperture tilt-angle for maximizing annual Solar Gain could be obtained by iterative calculations for different opening angles and tilt-angles. It was also found that for fixed EW-V troughs with Cg = 2 and ρ = 0.9, taking the site latitude as quasi optimal tilt-angle was reasonable over all area of China, 15° deviation of azimuth angle from the due south would resulted in reduction of the annual collectible radiation less than 1%, and 10° deviation of the geometric axial line from the crossing line between the horizon and the extended aperture of V-troughs resulted in the reduction of annual Solar Gain less than 1%. For EW-V troughs with the tilt-angle of the aperture being yearly adjusted four times at three fixed tilt-angle (3T-EW-V troughs), the annual Solar Gain captured by 3T-EW-V troughs with given Cg and ρ in a specific site was approximately a function of the opening angle, and the optimal opening angle for maximizing annual Solar Gain could be simply estimated by iterative calculations for different opening angles. Compared with fixed EW-V troughs, the annual Solar Gain on the base of 3T-EW-V troughs increased significantly, especially for those with a large Cg, and the monthly average daily Solar Gain was more stable over a year. This implied that several tilt-angle adjustments in a year were required to make EW-V troughs with Cg > 2 efficiently concentrate radiation onto their coupling Solar cells in all days of a year.
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Optical performance of inclined south–north axis three-positions tracked Solar panels
Energy, 2011Co-Authors: Hao Zhong, Runsheng Tang, Guihua Li, Wenli DongAbstract:In this work, the optical performance of Solar panels with a new sun-tracking technique was theoretically investigated based on the proposed mathematical method and monthly horizontal radiation. The mechanism of the investigated sun-tracking is that the attitude angle of Solar panels is daily adjusted three times at three fixed positions: eastward, southward, and westward in the morning, noon, and afternoon, respectively, by rotating Solar panels about the inclined south–north axis (ISNA-3P sun-tracking). Calculation results showed that, for ISNA-3P tracked Solar panels with a yearly fixed tilt-angle of the ISNA, the maximum annual collectible radiation on ISNA-3P tracked Solar panels was about 93% of that on a Solar panel with 2-axis sun-tracking; whereas for those with the ISNA being yearly adjusted four times at three fixed tilt-angles, it was about 96%. Results also indicated that the attempt to further increase the annual Solar Gain on ISNA-3P tracked Solar panels by seasonally optimizing design of the sun-tracking system for maximizing Solar Gain in each of four seasons was not efficient, and thus not advisable in practical applications. Optimal parametric designs of such sun-tracking system for maximizing the annual Solar Gain on Solar panels in different cases were also presented.
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Optical performance of inclined south-north axis three-positions tracked Solar panels
Energy, 2011Co-Authors: Hao Zhong, Runsheng Tang, Guihua Li, Wenli DongAbstract:In this work, the optical performance of Solar panels with a new sun-tracking technique was theoretically investigated based on the proposed mathematical method and monthly horizontal radiation. The mechanism of the investigated sun-tracking is that the attitude angle of Solar panels is daily adjusted three times at three fixed positions: eastward, southward, and westward in the morning, noon, and afternoon, respectively, by rotating Solar panels about the inclined south-north axis (ISNA-3P sun-tracking). Calculation results showed that, for ISNA-3P tracked Solar panels with a yearly fixed tilt-angle of the ISNA, the maximum annual collectible radiation on ISNA-3P tracked Solar panels was about 93% of that on a Solar panel with 2-axis sun-tracking; whereas for those with the ISNA being yearly adjusted four times at three fixed tilt-angles, it was about 96%. Results also indicated that the attempt to further increase the annual Solar Gain on ISNA-3P tracked Solar panels by seasonally optimizing design of the sun-tracking system for maximizing Solar Gain in each of four seasons was not efficient, and thus not advisable in practical applications. Optimal parametric designs of such sun-tracking system for maximizing the annual Solar Gain on Solar panels in different cases were also presented. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
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Optical performance of inclined south-north single-axis tracked Solar panels
Energy, 2010Co-Authors: Zhimin Li, Xinyue Liu, Runsheng TangAbstract:To investigate optical performance of the inclined south-north single-axis (ISN-axis, in short) tracked Solar panels, a mathematical procedure to estimate the annual collectible radiation on fixed and tracked panels was suggested based on Solar geometry and monthly horizontal radiation. For Solar panels tracking about ISN-axis, the yearly optimal tilt-angle of ISN-axis for maximizing annual Solar Gain was about 3° deviating from the site latitude in most of China except in areas with poor Solar resources, and the maximum annual collectible radiation on ISN-axis tracked panels was about 97–98% of that on dual-axis tracked panels; whereas for ISN-axis tracked panels with the tilt-angle of ISN-axis being adjusted four times in a year at three fixed tilt-angles, the annual collectible radiation was almost close to that on dual-axis tracked panels, the optimum date of tilt-angle adjustment of ISN-axis was 23 days from the equinoxes, and the optimum tilt-angle adjustment value for each adjustment was about 22°. Compared to fixed south-facing Solar panels inclined at an optimal tilt-angle, the increase in the annual Solar Gain due to using ISN-axis sun tracking was above 30% in the areas with abundant Solar resources and less than 20% in the areas with poor Solar resources.
Guihua Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Optical Performance of Horizontal Single-Axis Tracked Solar Panels
Energy Procedia, 2012Co-Authors: Guihua Li, Runsheng Tang, Hao ZhongAbstract:To investigate the optical performance of horizontal single-axis tracked Solar panels, a mathematical procedure to estimate daily collectible radiation on fixed, 2-axis and horizontal single-axis tracked Solar panels was developed based the Solar geometry and monthly horizontal radiation. Results showed that the annual Solar Gain on a horizontal single-axis tracked Solar panel was related to the orientation of the horizontal tracking axis, tracking the sun about the east-west axis was worst to boost the energy collection of tracked panels, and tracking the sun about the south-north axis was best. Results also indicated that the ratio on south-north single-axis tracked Solar panels to that with full 2- axis sun-tracking decreased with the increase in site latitude, implying that the horizontal south-north axis suntracking was suitable to be employed in the region with lower geographical latitude.
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Optical performance of inclined south–north axis three-positions tracked Solar panels
Energy, 2011Co-Authors: Hao Zhong, Runsheng Tang, Guihua Li, Wenli DongAbstract:In this work, the optical performance of Solar panels with a new sun-tracking technique was theoretically investigated based on the proposed mathematical method and monthly horizontal radiation. The mechanism of the investigated sun-tracking is that the attitude angle of Solar panels is daily adjusted three times at three fixed positions: eastward, southward, and westward in the morning, noon, and afternoon, respectively, by rotating Solar panels about the inclined south–north axis (ISNA-3P sun-tracking). Calculation results showed that, for ISNA-3P tracked Solar panels with a yearly fixed tilt-angle of the ISNA, the maximum annual collectible radiation on ISNA-3P tracked Solar panels was about 93% of that on a Solar panel with 2-axis sun-tracking; whereas for those with the ISNA being yearly adjusted four times at three fixed tilt-angles, it was about 96%. Results also indicated that the attempt to further increase the annual Solar Gain on ISNA-3P tracked Solar panels by seasonally optimizing design of the sun-tracking system for maximizing Solar Gain in each of four seasons was not efficient, and thus not advisable in practical applications. Optimal parametric designs of such sun-tracking system for maximizing the annual Solar Gain on Solar panels in different cases were also presented.
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Optical performance of inclined south-north axis three-positions tracked Solar panels
Energy, 2011Co-Authors: Hao Zhong, Runsheng Tang, Guihua Li, Wenli DongAbstract:In this work, the optical performance of Solar panels with a new sun-tracking technique was theoretically investigated based on the proposed mathematical method and monthly horizontal radiation. The mechanism of the investigated sun-tracking is that the attitude angle of Solar panels is daily adjusted three times at three fixed positions: eastward, southward, and westward in the morning, noon, and afternoon, respectively, by rotating Solar panels about the inclined south-north axis (ISNA-3P sun-tracking). Calculation results showed that, for ISNA-3P tracked Solar panels with a yearly fixed tilt-angle of the ISNA, the maximum annual collectible radiation on ISNA-3P tracked Solar panels was about 93% of that on a Solar panel with 2-axis sun-tracking; whereas for those with the ISNA being yearly adjusted four times at three fixed tilt-angles, it was about 96%. Results also indicated that the attempt to further increase the annual Solar Gain on ISNA-3P tracked Solar panels by seasonally optimizing design of the sun-tracking system for maximizing Solar Gain in each of four seasons was not efficient, and thus not advisable in practical applications. Optimal parametric designs of such sun-tracking system for maximizing the annual Solar Gain on Solar panels in different cases were also presented. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Peter G. Loutzenhiser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Empirical Validation of Solar Gain Modeling
2020Co-Authors: Peter G. Loutzenhiser, H. ManzAbstract:The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview about the level of detail and methodologies used in an empirical validation for assessing Solar Gain models in building energy simulation programs. In this study, a series of experiments is being performed in a test cell located on the Duebendorf campus of the Swiss Federal Laboratories Material Testing and Research (Empa) facility in conjunction with the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) Task 34/ Annex 43 Subtask C. The objectives of these experiments are to examine Solar Gains through a glazing unit with various internal and external shading devices. The results from the experiments are being compared to models of each experiment created in numerous building energy simulation programs. To make comparisons, a comprehensive set of statistical parameters is being employed to evaluate the performance of the programs. Particular emphasis was placed on estimating the impact of experimental uncertainties in the measurements used for comparisons between the program outputs and the experiments and inputs to the building energy simulation programs. Monte Carlo and N-way Factorial Analyses were used to evaluate how experimental uncertainties in the input parameters propagated through the building energy simulation programs and impacted outputs. Examples of comparisons for selected experiments are also described in this paper and a discussion of key factors that influenced the validation efforts.
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an empirical validation of window Solar Gain models and the associated interactions
International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2009Co-Authors: Peter G. Loutzenhiser, H. Manz, Sven Moosberger, Gregory M MaxwellAbstract:An empirical validation of building energy simulation programs was performed in a test cell on the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA) campus in Duebendorf, Switzerland. The purpose of this exercise was to evaluate the performances of three building energy simulation programs when simulating energy flows through a window (i.e. glazing unit and window frame). The programs used for this study were EnergyPlus, DOE-2.1E, and IDA-ICE. The inputs to the building energy simulation programs were ascertained through precise measurements and simulations, which are explained in detail in this paper. To assess overall performance, the cooling power measured in the experiment was compared with the programs' predictions. Thorough statistical analyses and comparisons were used to determine the impact of experiment output, input uncertainties and evaluate the programs. The absolute average difference between the experiment and predictions for EnergyPlus, DOE-2.1E, and IDA-ICE were 5.8, 9.9, and 6.0%, respectively.
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empirical validations of Solar Gain models for a glazing unit with exterior and interior blind assemblies
Energy and Buildings, 2008Co-Authors: Peter G. Loutzenhiser, H. Manz, Stephan Carl, Hans Simmler, Gregory M MaxwellAbstract:Experiments performed at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA) test cell located in Duebendorf, Switzerland were used for empirical validations of building energy simulation programs. Four Solar Gain experiments were run with either an exterior Venetian blind or an interior mini-blind mounted over a glazing unit with the blind slats in the horizontal position and with the outer slat edge toward the ground tilted downward 45°. Models of the test cell setup were constructed in two distinctive building energy simulation programs, EnergyPlus and HELIOS, and the measured cooling power in the test cell was compared with the simulated cooling powers. For these experiments, the mean percentage of the absolute mean differences for EnergyPlus and HELIOS were all within 6.1 and 7.1%, respectively.
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an empirical validation of modelling Solar Gain through a glazing unit with external and internal shading screens
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2007Co-Authors: Peter G. Loutzenhiser, H. Manz, Clemens Felsmann, Paul Strachan, Gregory M MaxwellAbstract:Abstract Empirical validations are integral components in assessing the overall accuracies of building energy simulation programs. Two test cell experiments were performed at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research’s (EMPA) campus in Duebendorf, Switzerland to evaluate the Solar Gain models with external and internal shading screens in four building energy simulation programs including: (1) EnergyPlus, (2) DOE-2.1E, (3) TRNSYS-TUD, and (4) ESP-r. Detailed information about the shading screen properties, modeling procedures, and thorough statistical and sensitivity analyses of simulation results are provided. For the external shading screen experiment, the mean percentage of the absolute difference between measured and simulated cooling power to maintain a near-constant cell air temperature for EnergyPlus, DOE-2.1E, TRNSYS-TUD and ESP-r were 3.7%, 5.5%, 10.6%, and 7.5%, respectively. EnergyPlus and DOE-2.1E were considered validated within 95% credible limits. For the internal shading screen experiment, the mean percentage of the absolute mean differences for EnergyPlus, DOE-2.1E, TRNSYS-TUD, and ESP-r were 6.7%. 13.8%, 5.7%, and 4.3%, respectively; only ESP-r was considered validated within 95% credible limits.
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series of experiments for empirical validation of Solar Gain modeling in building energy simulation codes experimental setup test cell characterization specifications and uncertainty analysis
Building and Environment, 2006Co-Authors: H. Manz, Peter G. Loutzenhiser, Paul Strachan, Th Frank, R Bundi, George MaxwellAbstract:Empirical validation of building energy simulation codes is an important component in understanding the capacity and limitations of the software. Within the framework of Task 34/Annex 43 of the International Energy Agency (IEA), a series of experiments was performed in an outdoor test cell. The objective of these experiments was to provide a high-quality data set for code developers and modelers to validate their Solar Gain models for windows with and without shading devices. A description of the necessary specifications for modeling these experiments is provided in this paper, which includes information about the test site location, experimental setup, geometrical and thermophysical cell properties including estimated uncertainties. Computed overall thermal cell properties were confirmed by conducting a steady-state experiment without Solar Gains. A transient experiment, also without Solar Gains, and corresponding simulations from four different building energy simulation codes showed that the provided specifications result in accurate thermal cell modeling. A good foundation for the following experiments with Solar Gains was therefore accomplished.
H. Manz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Empirical Validation of Solar Gain Modeling
2020Co-Authors: Peter G. Loutzenhiser, H. ManzAbstract:The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview about the level of detail and methodologies used in an empirical validation for assessing Solar Gain models in building energy simulation programs. In this study, a series of experiments is being performed in a test cell located on the Duebendorf campus of the Swiss Federal Laboratories Material Testing and Research (Empa) facility in conjunction with the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) Task 34/ Annex 43 Subtask C. The objectives of these experiments are to examine Solar Gains through a glazing unit with various internal and external shading devices. The results from the experiments are being compared to models of each experiment created in numerous building energy simulation programs. To make comparisons, a comprehensive set of statistical parameters is being employed to evaluate the performance of the programs. Particular emphasis was placed on estimating the impact of experimental uncertainties in the measurements used for comparisons between the program outputs and the experiments and inputs to the building energy simulation programs. Monte Carlo and N-way Factorial Analyses were used to evaluate how experimental uncertainties in the input parameters propagated through the building energy simulation programs and impacted outputs. Examples of comparisons for selected experiments are also described in this paper and a discussion of key factors that influenced the validation efforts.
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an empirical validation of window Solar Gain models and the associated interactions
International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2009Co-Authors: Peter G. Loutzenhiser, H. Manz, Sven Moosberger, Gregory M MaxwellAbstract:An empirical validation of building energy simulation programs was performed in a test cell on the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA) campus in Duebendorf, Switzerland. The purpose of this exercise was to evaluate the performances of three building energy simulation programs when simulating energy flows through a window (i.e. glazing unit and window frame). The programs used for this study were EnergyPlus, DOE-2.1E, and IDA-ICE. The inputs to the building energy simulation programs were ascertained through precise measurements and simulations, which are explained in detail in this paper. To assess overall performance, the cooling power measured in the experiment was compared with the programs' predictions. Thorough statistical analyses and comparisons were used to determine the impact of experiment output, input uncertainties and evaluate the programs. The absolute average difference between the experiment and predictions for EnergyPlus, DOE-2.1E, and IDA-ICE were 5.8, 9.9, and 6.0%, respectively.
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empirical validations of Solar Gain models for a glazing unit with exterior and interior blind assemblies
Energy and Buildings, 2008Co-Authors: Peter G. Loutzenhiser, H. Manz, Stephan Carl, Hans Simmler, Gregory M MaxwellAbstract:Experiments performed at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA) test cell located in Duebendorf, Switzerland were used for empirical validations of building energy simulation programs. Four Solar Gain experiments were run with either an exterior Venetian blind or an interior mini-blind mounted over a glazing unit with the blind slats in the horizontal position and with the outer slat edge toward the ground tilted downward 45°. Models of the test cell setup were constructed in two distinctive building energy simulation programs, EnergyPlus and HELIOS, and the measured cooling power in the test cell was compared with the simulated cooling powers. For these experiments, the mean percentage of the absolute mean differences for EnergyPlus and HELIOS were all within 6.1 and 7.1%, respectively.
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an empirical validation of modelling Solar Gain through a glazing unit with external and internal shading screens
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2007Co-Authors: Peter G. Loutzenhiser, H. Manz, Clemens Felsmann, Paul Strachan, Gregory M MaxwellAbstract:Abstract Empirical validations are integral components in assessing the overall accuracies of building energy simulation programs. Two test cell experiments were performed at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research’s (EMPA) campus in Duebendorf, Switzerland to evaluate the Solar Gain models with external and internal shading screens in four building energy simulation programs including: (1) EnergyPlus, (2) DOE-2.1E, (3) TRNSYS-TUD, and (4) ESP-r. Detailed information about the shading screen properties, modeling procedures, and thorough statistical and sensitivity analyses of simulation results are provided. For the external shading screen experiment, the mean percentage of the absolute difference between measured and simulated cooling power to maintain a near-constant cell air temperature for EnergyPlus, DOE-2.1E, TRNSYS-TUD and ESP-r were 3.7%, 5.5%, 10.6%, and 7.5%, respectively. EnergyPlus and DOE-2.1E were considered validated within 95% credible limits. For the internal shading screen experiment, the mean percentage of the absolute mean differences for EnergyPlus, DOE-2.1E, TRNSYS-TUD, and ESP-r were 6.7%. 13.8%, 5.7%, and 4.3%, respectively; only ESP-r was considered validated within 95% credible limits.
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series of experiments for empirical validation of Solar Gain modeling in building energy simulation codes experimental setup test cell characterization specifications and uncertainty analysis
Building and Environment, 2006Co-Authors: H. Manz, Peter G. Loutzenhiser, Paul Strachan, Th Frank, R Bundi, George MaxwellAbstract:Empirical validation of building energy simulation codes is an important component in understanding the capacity and limitations of the software. Within the framework of Task 34/Annex 43 of the International Energy Agency (IEA), a series of experiments was performed in an outdoor test cell. The objective of these experiments was to provide a high-quality data set for code developers and modelers to validate their Solar Gain models for windows with and without shading devices. A description of the necessary specifications for modeling these experiments is provided in this paper, which includes information about the test site location, experimental setup, geometrical and thermophysical cell properties including estimated uncertainties. Computed overall thermal cell properties were confirmed by conducting a steady-state experiment without Solar Gains. A transient experiment, also without Solar Gains, and corresponding simulations from four different building energy simulation codes showed that the provided specifications result in accurate thermal cell modeling. A good foundation for the following experiments with Solar Gains was therefore accomplished.
