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Thomas Peter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • hygroscopic growth and water uptake kinetics of two phase Aerosol particles consisting of ammonium sulfate adipic and humic acid mixtures
    Journal of Aerosol Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: S Sjogren, M Gysel, E Weingartner, U Baltensperger, M J Cubison, H Coe, A A Zardini, Claudia Marcolli, Ulrich K Krieger, Thomas Peter
    Abstract:

    The hygroscopic growth of Solid Aerosol particles consisting of mixtures of ammonium sulfate and either adipic acid or Aldrich humic acid sodium salt was characterized with a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer and an electrodynamic balance. In particular, the time required for the Aerosol particle phase and the surrounding water vapor to reach equilibrium at high relative humidity (RH) was investigated. Depending on the chemical composition of the particles, residence times of > 40 s were required to reach equilibrium at 85% RH, yielding up to a 7% reduction in the measured hygroscopic growth factors from measurements at 4 s residence time compared to measurements at equilibrium. We suggest that the Solid organic compound, when present as the dominant component, encloses the water-soluble inorganic salt in veins and cavities, resulting in the observed slow water uptake. Comparison with predictions from the Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson relation shows enhanced water uptake of the mixed particles. This is explained with the presence of the salt solution in veins resulting in a negative curvature of the solution meniscus at the opening of the vein. In conclusion, it is important for studies of mixtures of water soluble compounds with insoluble material to allow for sufficient residence time at the specified humidity to reach equilibrium before the hygroscopicity measurements. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • hygroscopic growth and water uptake kinetics of two phase Aerosol particles consisting of ammonium sulfate adipic and humic acid mixtures
    Journal of Aerosol Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: S Sjogren, M Gysel, E Weingartner, U Baltensperger, M J Cubison, H Coe, A A Zardini, Claudia Marcolli, Ulrich K Krieger, Thomas Peter
    Abstract:

    Abstract The hygroscopic growth of Solid Aerosol particles consisting of mixtures of ammonium sulfate and either adipic acid or Aldrich humic acid sodium salt was characterized with a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer and an electrodynamic balance. In particular, the time required for the Aerosol particle phase and the surrounding water vapor to reach equilibrium at high relative humidity (RH) was investigated. Depending on the chemical composition of the particles, residence times of > 40 s were required to reach equilibrium at 85% RH, yielding up to a 7% reduction in the measured hygroscopic growth factors from measurements at 4 s residence time compared to measurements at equilibrium. We suggest that the Solid organic compound, when present as the dominant component, encloses the water-soluble inorganic salt in veins and cavities, resulting in the observed slow water uptake. Comparison with predictions from the Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson relation shows enhanced water uptake of the mixed particles. This is explained with the presence of the salt solution in veins resulting in a negative curvature of the solution meniscus at the opening of the vein. In conclusion, it is important for studies of mixtures of water soluble compounds with insoluble material to allow for sufficient residence time at the specified humidity to reach equilibrium before the hygroscopicity measurements.

Claudia Marcolli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • technical note fundamental aspects of ice nucleation via pore condensation and freezing including laplace pressure and growth into macroscopic ice
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2020
    Co-Authors: Claudia Marcolli
    Abstract:

    Abstract. Pore condensation and freezing (PCF) is an ice nucleation mechanism that explains ice formation at low ice supersaturation. It assumes that liquid water condenses in pores of Solid Aerosol particles below water saturation, as described by the Kelvin equation, followed by homogeneous ice nucleation when temperatures are below about 235 K or immersion freezing at higher temperatures, in case the pores contain active sites that induce ice nucleation. Porewater is under tension (negative pressure) below water saturation as described by the Young–Laplace equation. This negative pressure affects the ice nucleation rates and the stability of the pore ice. Here, pressure-dependent parameterizations of classical nucleation theory are developed to quantify the increase in homogeneous ice nucleation rates as a function of tension and to assess the critical diameter of pores that is required to accommodate ice at negative pressures. Growth of ice out of the pore into a macroscopic ice crystal requires ice supersaturation. This supersaturation as a function of the pore opening width is derived, assuming that the ice phase first grows as a spherical cap on top of the pore opening before it starts to expand laterally on the particle surface into a macroscopic ice crystal.

  • hygroscopic growth and water uptake kinetics of two phase Aerosol particles consisting of ammonium sulfate adipic and humic acid mixtures
    Journal of Aerosol Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: S Sjogren, M Gysel, E Weingartner, U Baltensperger, M J Cubison, H Coe, A A Zardini, Claudia Marcolli, Ulrich K Krieger, Thomas Peter
    Abstract:

    The hygroscopic growth of Solid Aerosol particles consisting of mixtures of ammonium sulfate and either adipic acid or Aldrich humic acid sodium salt was characterized with a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer and an electrodynamic balance. In particular, the time required for the Aerosol particle phase and the surrounding water vapor to reach equilibrium at high relative humidity (RH) was investigated. Depending on the chemical composition of the particles, residence times of > 40 s were required to reach equilibrium at 85% RH, yielding up to a 7% reduction in the measured hygroscopic growth factors from measurements at 4 s residence time compared to measurements at equilibrium. We suggest that the Solid organic compound, when present as the dominant component, encloses the water-soluble inorganic salt in veins and cavities, resulting in the observed slow water uptake. Comparison with predictions from the Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson relation shows enhanced water uptake of the mixed particles. This is explained with the presence of the salt solution in veins resulting in a negative curvature of the solution meniscus at the opening of the vein. In conclusion, it is important for studies of mixtures of water soluble compounds with insoluble material to allow for sufficient residence time at the specified humidity to reach equilibrium before the hygroscopicity measurements. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • hygroscopic growth and water uptake kinetics of two phase Aerosol particles consisting of ammonium sulfate adipic and humic acid mixtures
    Journal of Aerosol Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: S Sjogren, M Gysel, E Weingartner, U Baltensperger, M J Cubison, H Coe, A A Zardini, Claudia Marcolli, Ulrich K Krieger, Thomas Peter
    Abstract:

    Abstract The hygroscopic growth of Solid Aerosol particles consisting of mixtures of ammonium sulfate and either adipic acid or Aldrich humic acid sodium salt was characterized with a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer and an electrodynamic balance. In particular, the time required for the Aerosol particle phase and the surrounding water vapor to reach equilibrium at high relative humidity (RH) was investigated. Depending on the chemical composition of the particles, residence times of > 40 s were required to reach equilibrium at 85% RH, yielding up to a 7% reduction in the measured hygroscopic growth factors from measurements at 4 s residence time compared to measurements at equilibrium. We suggest that the Solid organic compound, when present as the dominant component, encloses the water-soluble inorganic salt in veins and cavities, resulting in the observed slow water uptake. Comparison with predictions from the Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson relation shows enhanced water uptake of the mixed particles. This is explained with the presence of the salt solution in veins resulting in a negative curvature of the solution meniscus at the opening of the vein. In conclusion, it is important for studies of mixtures of water soluble compounds with insoluble material to allow for sufficient residence time at the specified humidity to reach equilibrium before the hygroscopicity measurements.

S Sjogren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • hygroscopic growth and water uptake kinetics of two phase Aerosol particles consisting of ammonium sulfate adipic and humic acid mixtures
    Journal of Aerosol Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: S Sjogren, M Gysel, E Weingartner, U Baltensperger, M J Cubison, H Coe, A A Zardini, Claudia Marcolli, Ulrich K Krieger, Thomas Peter
    Abstract:

    The hygroscopic growth of Solid Aerosol particles consisting of mixtures of ammonium sulfate and either adipic acid or Aldrich humic acid sodium salt was characterized with a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer and an electrodynamic balance. In particular, the time required for the Aerosol particle phase and the surrounding water vapor to reach equilibrium at high relative humidity (RH) was investigated. Depending on the chemical composition of the particles, residence times of > 40 s were required to reach equilibrium at 85% RH, yielding up to a 7% reduction in the measured hygroscopic growth factors from measurements at 4 s residence time compared to measurements at equilibrium. We suggest that the Solid organic compound, when present as the dominant component, encloses the water-soluble inorganic salt in veins and cavities, resulting in the observed slow water uptake. Comparison with predictions from the Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson relation shows enhanced water uptake of the mixed particles. This is explained with the presence of the salt solution in veins resulting in a negative curvature of the solution meniscus at the opening of the vein. In conclusion, it is important for studies of mixtures of water soluble compounds with insoluble material to allow for sufficient residence time at the specified humidity to reach equilibrium before the hygroscopicity measurements. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • hygroscopic growth and water uptake kinetics of two phase Aerosol particles consisting of ammonium sulfate adipic and humic acid mixtures
    Journal of Aerosol Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: S Sjogren, M Gysel, E Weingartner, U Baltensperger, M J Cubison, H Coe, A A Zardini, Claudia Marcolli, Ulrich K Krieger, Thomas Peter
    Abstract:

    Abstract The hygroscopic growth of Solid Aerosol particles consisting of mixtures of ammonium sulfate and either adipic acid or Aldrich humic acid sodium salt was characterized with a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer and an electrodynamic balance. In particular, the time required for the Aerosol particle phase and the surrounding water vapor to reach equilibrium at high relative humidity (RH) was investigated. Depending on the chemical composition of the particles, residence times of > 40 s were required to reach equilibrium at 85% RH, yielding up to a 7% reduction in the measured hygroscopic growth factors from measurements at 4 s residence time compared to measurements at equilibrium. We suggest that the Solid organic compound, when present as the dominant component, encloses the water-soluble inorganic salt in veins and cavities, resulting in the observed slow water uptake. Comparison with predictions from the Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson relation shows enhanced water uptake of the mixed particles. This is explained with the presence of the salt solution in veins resulting in a negative curvature of the solution meniscus at the opening of the vein. In conclusion, it is important for studies of mixtures of water soluble compounds with insoluble material to allow for sufficient residence time at the specified humidity to reach equilibrium before the hygroscopicity measurements.

Ulrich K Krieger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • hygroscopic growth and water uptake kinetics of two phase Aerosol particles consisting of ammonium sulfate adipic and humic acid mixtures
    Journal of Aerosol Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: S Sjogren, M Gysel, E Weingartner, U Baltensperger, M J Cubison, H Coe, A A Zardini, Claudia Marcolli, Ulrich K Krieger, Thomas Peter
    Abstract:

    The hygroscopic growth of Solid Aerosol particles consisting of mixtures of ammonium sulfate and either adipic acid or Aldrich humic acid sodium salt was characterized with a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer and an electrodynamic balance. In particular, the time required for the Aerosol particle phase and the surrounding water vapor to reach equilibrium at high relative humidity (RH) was investigated. Depending on the chemical composition of the particles, residence times of > 40 s were required to reach equilibrium at 85% RH, yielding up to a 7% reduction in the measured hygroscopic growth factors from measurements at 4 s residence time compared to measurements at equilibrium. We suggest that the Solid organic compound, when present as the dominant component, encloses the water-soluble inorganic salt in veins and cavities, resulting in the observed slow water uptake. Comparison with predictions from the Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson relation shows enhanced water uptake of the mixed particles. This is explained with the presence of the salt solution in veins resulting in a negative curvature of the solution meniscus at the opening of the vein. In conclusion, it is important for studies of mixtures of water soluble compounds with insoluble material to allow for sufficient residence time at the specified humidity to reach equilibrium before the hygroscopicity measurements. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • hygroscopic growth and water uptake kinetics of two phase Aerosol particles consisting of ammonium sulfate adipic and humic acid mixtures
    Journal of Aerosol Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: S Sjogren, M Gysel, E Weingartner, U Baltensperger, M J Cubison, H Coe, A A Zardini, Claudia Marcolli, Ulrich K Krieger, Thomas Peter
    Abstract:

    Abstract The hygroscopic growth of Solid Aerosol particles consisting of mixtures of ammonium sulfate and either adipic acid or Aldrich humic acid sodium salt was characterized with a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer and an electrodynamic balance. In particular, the time required for the Aerosol particle phase and the surrounding water vapor to reach equilibrium at high relative humidity (RH) was investigated. Depending on the chemical composition of the particles, residence times of > 40 s were required to reach equilibrium at 85% RH, yielding up to a 7% reduction in the measured hygroscopic growth factors from measurements at 4 s residence time compared to measurements at equilibrium. We suggest that the Solid organic compound, when present as the dominant component, encloses the water-soluble inorganic salt in veins and cavities, resulting in the observed slow water uptake. Comparison with predictions from the Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson relation shows enhanced water uptake of the mixed particles. This is explained with the presence of the salt solution in veins resulting in a negative curvature of the solution meniscus at the opening of the vein. In conclusion, it is important for studies of mixtures of water soluble compounds with insoluble material to allow for sufficient residence time at the specified humidity to reach equilibrium before the hygroscopicity measurements.

M Gysel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • hygroscopic growth and water uptake kinetics of two phase Aerosol particles consisting of ammonium sulfate adipic and humic acid mixtures
    Journal of Aerosol Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: S Sjogren, M Gysel, E Weingartner, U Baltensperger, M J Cubison, H Coe, A A Zardini, Claudia Marcolli, Ulrich K Krieger, Thomas Peter
    Abstract:

    The hygroscopic growth of Solid Aerosol particles consisting of mixtures of ammonium sulfate and either adipic acid or Aldrich humic acid sodium salt was characterized with a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer and an electrodynamic balance. In particular, the time required for the Aerosol particle phase and the surrounding water vapor to reach equilibrium at high relative humidity (RH) was investigated. Depending on the chemical composition of the particles, residence times of > 40 s were required to reach equilibrium at 85% RH, yielding up to a 7% reduction in the measured hygroscopic growth factors from measurements at 4 s residence time compared to measurements at equilibrium. We suggest that the Solid organic compound, when present as the dominant component, encloses the water-soluble inorganic salt in veins and cavities, resulting in the observed slow water uptake. Comparison with predictions from the Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson relation shows enhanced water uptake of the mixed particles. This is explained with the presence of the salt solution in veins resulting in a negative curvature of the solution meniscus at the opening of the vein. In conclusion, it is important for studies of mixtures of water soluble compounds with insoluble material to allow for sufficient residence time at the specified humidity to reach equilibrium before the hygroscopicity measurements. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • hygroscopic growth and water uptake kinetics of two phase Aerosol particles consisting of ammonium sulfate adipic and humic acid mixtures
    Journal of Aerosol Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: S Sjogren, M Gysel, E Weingartner, U Baltensperger, M J Cubison, H Coe, A A Zardini, Claudia Marcolli, Ulrich K Krieger, Thomas Peter
    Abstract:

    Abstract The hygroscopic growth of Solid Aerosol particles consisting of mixtures of ammonium sulfate and either adipic acid or Aldrich humic acid sodium salt was characterized with a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer and an electrodynamic balance. In particular, the time required for the Aerosol particle phase and the surrounding water vapor to reach equilibrium at high relative humidity (RH) was investigated. Depending on the chemical composition of the particles, residence times of > 40 s were required to reach equilibrium at 85% RH, yielding up to a 7% reduction in the measured hygroscopic growth factors from measurements at 4 s residence time compared to measurements at equilibrium. We suggest that the Solid organic compound, when present as the dominant component, encloses the water-soluble inorganic salt in veins and cavities, resulting in the observed slow water uptake. Comparison with predictions from the Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson relation shows enhanced water uptake of the mixed particles. This is explained with the presence of the salt solution in veins resulting in a negative curvature of the solution meniscus at the opening of the vein. In conclusion, it is important for studies of mixtures of water soluble compounds with insoluble material to allow for sufficient residence time at the specified humidity to reach equilibrium before the hygroscopicity measurements.