Soot

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C. A. Gonzalez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the modification of the fuel injection rate in heavy duty diesel engines part 2 effects on combustion
    Applied Thermal Engineering, 2004
    Co-Authors: José M. Desantes, Santiago Molina, Jesus Benajes, C. A. Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    Abstract An experimental study has been performed on the effects of injection rate shaping on the combustion process and exhaust emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine. Boot-type injections were generated by means of a modified pump-line-nozzle system, which is able to modulate the instantaneous fuel injection rate. The influence of different values of boot length and boot pressure has been evaluated by analysing the apparent rate of heat release and flame temperatures. Engine operating conditions at different rotating speed and injected fuel mass were considered in order to assess their effect on the injection rate shape. Results show how all the changes in the injection rate agree with changes in the diffusion combustion phase. Medium-load conditions presented larger increases in the dry Soot emissions since the boot was longer and it was produced at lower pressure. Changes in engine speed at high load did not show major changes in the combustion evolution. Longer boots produced high Soot emissions probably due to less efficient mixing conditions.

  • the modification of the fuel injection rate in heavy duty diesel engines part 1 effects on engine performance and emissions
    Applied Thermal Engineering, 2004
    Co-Authors: José M. Desantes, Santiago Molina, Jesus Benajes, C. A. Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    An experimental study has been performed on the effects of injection rate shaping on the combustion process and exhaust emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine. Boot-type injections were generated by means of a modified pump-line-nozzle system, which is able to modulate the instantaneous fuel injection rate. The interest of the study reported here was the evaluation of the effective changes produced in the injection rate at different engine operating conditions, when the engine rotating speed and the total fuel injected were changed. In addition, the influence of these new injection rates was quantified on the global engine performance and pollutant emissions. In particular, the focus was placed on producing “boot-like” injection rate shapes, with the main objective of reducing NOx emissions. Results show how this system is capable of achieving boot-type injections at different boot pressures and boot durations. Also, even though the general trend of the system is to reduce NOx and to increase Soot and fuel consumption, emissions and performance trade-offs can be improved for some specific boot shapes. On the contrary, the modulation of the injection rate showed to be ineffective at medium engine load, since the increase in Soot was greater than the relative decrease in NOx. The analysis of the modifications produced by these strategies on the combustion process, and on the rate of heat release are the base of a second paper.

José M. Desantes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the modification of the fuel injection rate in heavy duty diesel engines part 2 effects on combustion
    Applied Thermal Engineering, 2004
    Co-Authors: José M. Desantes, Santiago Molina, Jesus Benajes, C. A. Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    Abstract An experimental study has been performed on the effects of injection rate shaping on the combustion process and exhaust emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine. Boot-type injections were generated by means of a modified pump-line-nozzle system, which is able to modulate the instantaneous fuel injection rate. The influence of different values of boot length and boot pressure has been evaluated by analysing the apparent rate of heat release and flame temperatures. Engine operating conditions at different rotating speed and injected fuel mass were considered in order to assess their effect on the injection rate shape. Results show how all the changes in the injection rate agree with changes in the diffusion combustion phase. Medium-load conditions presented larger increases in the dry Soot emissions since the boot was longer and it was produced at lower pressure. Changes in engine speed at high load did not show major changes in the combustion evolution. Longer boots produced high Soot emissions probably due to less efficient mixing conditions.

  • the modification of the fuel injection rate in heavy duty diesel engines part 1 effects on engine performance and emissions
    Applied Thermal Engineering, 2004
    Co-Authors: José M. Desantes, Santiago Molina, Jesus Benajes, C. A. Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    An experimental study has been performed on the effects of injection rate shaping on the combustion process and exhaust emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine. Boot-type injections were generated by means of a modified pump-line-nozzle system, which is able to modulate the instantaneous fuel injection rate. The interest of the study reported here was the evaluation of the effective changes produced in the injection rate at different engine operating conditions, when the engine rotating speed and the total fuel injected were changed. In addition, the influence of these new injection rates was quantified on the global engine performance and pollutant emissions. In particular, the focus was placed on producing “boot-like” injection rate shapes, with the main objective of reducing NOx emissions. Results show how this system is capable of achieving boot-type injections at different boot pressures and boot durations. Also, even though the general trend of the system is to reduce NOx and to increase Soot and fuel consumption, emissions and performance trade-offs can be improved for some specific boot shapes. On the contrary, the modulation of the injection rate showed to be ineffective at medium engine load, since the increase in Soot was greater than the relative decrease in NOx. The analysis of the modifications produced by these strategies on the combustion process, and on the rate of heat release are the base of a second paper.

Santiago Molina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the modification of the fuel injection rate in heavy duty diesel engines part 2 effects on combustion
    Applied Thermal Engineering, 2004
    Co-Authors: José M. Desantes, Santiago Molina, Jesus Benajes, C. A. Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    Abstract An experimental study has been performed on the effects of injection rate shaping on the combustion process and exhaust emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine. Boot-type injections were generated by means of a modified pump-line-nozzle system, which is able to modulate the instantaneous fuel injection rate. The influence of different values of boot length and boot pressure has been evaluated by analysing the apparent rate of heat release and flame temperatures. Engine operating conditions at different rotating speed and injected fuel mass were considered in order to assess their effect on the injection rate shape. Results show how all the changes in the injection rate agree with changes in the diffusion combustion phase. Medium-load conditions presented larger increases in the dry Soot emissions since the boot was longer and it was produced at lower pressure. Changes in engine speed at high load did not show major changes in the combustion evolution. Longer boots produced high Soot emissions probably due to less efficient mixing conditions.

  • the modification of the fuel injection rate in heavy duty diesel engines part 1 effects on engine performance and emissions
    Applied Thermal Engineering, 2004
    Co-Authors: José M. Desantes, Santiago Molina, Jesus Benajes, C. A. Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    An experimental study has been performed on the effects of injection rate shaping on the combustion process and exhaust emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine. Boot-type injections were generated by means of a modified pump-line-nozzle system, which is able to modulate the instantaneous fuel injection rate. The interest of the study reported here was the evaluation of the effective changes produced in the injection rate at different engine operating conditions, when the engine rotating speed and the total fuel injected were changed. In addition, the influence of these new injection rates was quantified on the global engine performance and pollutant emissions. In particular, the focus was placed on producing “boot-like” injection rate shapes, with the main objective of reducing NOx emissions. Results show how this system is capable of achieving boot-type injections at different boot pressures and boot durations. Also, even though the general trend of the system is to reduce NOx and to increase Soot and fuel consumption, emissions and performance trade-offs can be improved for some specific boot shapes. On the contrary, the modulation of the injection rate showed to be ineffective at medium engine load, since the increase in Soot was greater than the relative decrease in NOx. The analysis of the modifications produced by these strategies on the combustion process, and on the rate of heat release are the base of a second paper.

Jesus Benajes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the modification of the fuel injection rate in heavy duty diesel engines part 2 effects on combustion
    Applied Thermal Engineering, 2004
    Co-Authors: José M. Desantes, Santiago Molina, Jesus Benajes, C. A. Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    Abstract An experimental study has been performed on the effects of injection rate shaping on the combustion process and exhaust emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine. Boot-type injections were generated by means of a modified pump-line-nozzle system, which is able to modulate the instantaneous fuel injection rate. The influence of different values of boot length and boot pressure has been evaluated by analysing the apparent rate of heat release and flame temperatures. Engine operating conditions at different rotating speed and injected fuel mass were considered in order to assess their effect on the injection rate shape. Results show how all the changes in the injection rate agree with changes in the diffusion combustion phase. Medium-load conditions presented larger increases in the dry Soot emissions since the boot was longer and it was produced at lower pressure. Changes in engine speed at high load did not show major changes in the combustion evolution. Longer boots produced high Soot emissions probably due to less efficient mixing conditions.

  • the modification of the fuel injection rate in heavy duty diesel engines part 1 effects on engine performance and emissions
    Applied Thermal Engineering, 2004
    Co-Authors: José M. Desantes, Santiago Molina, Jesus Benajes, C. A. Gonzalez
    Abstract:

    An experimental study has been performed on the effects of injection rate shaping on the combustion process and exhaust emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine. Boot-type injections were generated by means of a modified pump-line-nozzle system, which is able to modulate the instantaneous fuel injection rate. The interest of the study reported here was the evaluation of the effective changes produced in the injection rate at different engine operating conditions, when the engine rotating speed and the total fuel injected were changed. In addition, the influence of these new injection rates was quantified on the global engine performance and pollutant emissions. In particular, the focus was placed on producing “boot-like” injection rate shapes, with the main objective of reducing NOx emissions. Results show how this system is capable of achieving boot-type injections at different boot pressures and boot durations. Also, even though the general trend of the system is to reduce NOx and to increase Soot and fuel consumption, emissions and performance trade-offs can be improved for some specific boot shapes. On the contrary, the modulation of the injection rate showed to be ineffective at medium engine load, since the increase in Soot was greater than the relative decrease in NOx. The analysis of the modifications produced by these strategies on the combustion process, and on the rate of heat release are the base of a second paper.

Alexis Coppalle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Soot and velocity mapping and 2D Soot sheet dimensions in a buoyant wall-fire
    Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2017
    Co-Authors: Andres Valencia, M. Talbaut, Jérôme Yon, G. Godard, Carole Gobin, Alexis Coppalle
    Abstract:

    The study used a vertical porous burner fueled with a CH4/C2H4 mixture burning in quiescent ambient air to measure the Soot content of a vertical turbulent wall flame. Soot volume fractions were determined by planar laser induced incandescence (LII). Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the vertical velocity of the mean flow. The mean Soot volume fraction and vertical velocity values were mapped with a two-dimensional (2D) imaging technique. Soot volume fraction flux was analyzed as a function of height. The results show that, in the top zone of the flame, the Soot formation was counterbalanced by oxidation with air. In addition, each instantaneous 2D Soot sheet was analyzed to determine two parameters: the Soot volume fraction maximum f(v,max) and the horizontal width delta(FWHM). For both parameters, average and RMS (root mean square) values were calculated at each height. Except for the bottom zone of the burner, average values varied little with height, whereas RMS values remained persistently high. It is found that, with increasing heights, there exist far from the burner and in the lean side of the flame more and more Soot sheets with high values of f(v,max) and delta(FWHM). (C) 2016 by The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  • Soot and velocity mapping and 2D Soot sheet dimensions in a buoyant wall-fire
    Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2016
    Co-Authors: Andres Valencia, M. Talbaut, Jérôme Yon, G. Godard, Carole Gobin, Alexis Coppalle
    Abstract:

    Abstract The study used a vertical porous burner fueled with a CH 4 /C 2 H 4 mixture burning in quiescent ambient air to measure the Soot content of a vertical turbulent wall flame. Soot volume fractions were determined by planar laser induced incandescence (LII). Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the vertical velocity of the mean flow. The mean Soot volume fraction and vertical velocity values were mapped with a two-dimensional (2D) imaging technique. Soot volume fraction flux was analyzed as a function of height. The results show that, in the top zone of the flame, the Soot formation was counterbalanced by oxidation with air. In addition, each instantaneous 2D Soot sheet was analyzed to determine two parameters: the Soot volume fraction maximum f v,max and the horizontal width δ FWHM . For both parameters, average and RMS (root mean square) values were calculated at each height. Except for the bottom zone of the burner, average values varied little with height, whereas RMS values remained persistently high. It is found that, with increasing heights, there exist far from the burner and in the lean side of the flame more and more Soot sheets with high values of f v max and δ FWHM .