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Connell Bell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Neil M Vora - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Anthony A Donato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • youtube as a Source of Information on ebola virus disease
    North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ranjan Pathak, Dilli Ram Poudel, Paras Karmacharya, Amrit Pathak, Madan Raj Aryal, Maryam Mahmood, Anthony A Donato
    Abstract:

    Background: The current West Africa epidemic of Ebola virus disease (EVD), which began from Guinea in December 2013, has been the longest and deadliest Ebola outbreak to date. With the propagation of the internet, public health officials must now compete with other official and unofficial Sources of Information to get their message out. Aims: This study aimed at critically appraising videos available on one popular internet video site (YouTube) as a Source of Information for Ebola virus disease (EVD). Materials and Methods: Videos were searched in YouTube (http://www.youtube.com) using the keyword Ebola outbreak from inception to November 1, 2014 with the default relevance filter. Only videos in English language under 10 min duration within first 10 pages of search were included. Duplicates were removed and the rest were classified as useful or misleading by two independent reviewers. Video Sources were categorized by Source. Inter-observer agreement was evaluated with kappa coefficient. Continuous and categorical variables were analyzed using the Student t-test and Chi-squared test, respectively. Results: One hundred and eighteen out of 198 videos were evaluated. Thirty-one (26.27%) videos were classified as misleading and 87 (73.73%) videos were classified as useful. The kappa coefficient of agreement regarding the usefulness of the videos was 0.68 (P < 0.001). Independent users were more likely to post misleading videos (93.55% vs 29.89%, OR = 34.02, 95% CI = 7.55-153.12, P < 0.001) whereas news agencies were most likely to post useful videos (65.52% vs 3.23%, OR = 57.00, 95% CI = 7.40-438.74, P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that majority of the internet videos about Ebola on YouTube were characterized as useful. Although YouTube seems to generally be a useful Source of Information on the current outbreak, increased efforts to disseminate scientifically correct Information is desired to prevent unnecessary panic among the among the general population.

Louise Barrett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • taking sociality seriously the structure of multi dimensional social networks as a Source of Information for individuals
    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 2012
    Co-Authors: Louise Barrett, Peter S Henzi, David Lusseau
    Abstract:

    Understanding human cognitive evolution, and that of the other primates, means taking sociality very seriously. For humans, this requires the recognition of the sociocultural and historical means by which human minds and selves are constructed, and how this gives rise to the reflexivity and ability to respond to novelty that characterize our species. For other, non-linguistic, primates we can answer some interesting questions by viewing social life as a feedback process, drawing on cybernetics and systems approaches and using social network neo-theory to test these ideas. Specifically, we show how social networks can be formalized as multi-dimensional objects, and use entropy measures to assess how networks respond to perturbation. We use simulations and natural ‘knock-outs’ in a free-ranging baboon troop to demonstrate that changes in interactions after social perturbations lead to a more certain social network, in which the outcomes of interactions are easier for members to predict. This new formalization of social networks provides a framework within which to predict network dynamics and evolution, helps us highlight how human and non-human social networks differ and has implications for theories of cognitive evolution.

James Rubin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • health protective behaviour social media usage and conspiracy belief during the covid 19 public health emergency
    Psychological Medicine, 2020
    Co-Authors: Daniel Allington, Bobby Duffy, Simon Wessely, Nayana Dhavan, James Rubin
    Abstract:

    Background Social media platforms have long been recognised as major disseminators of health misInformation. Many previous studies have found a negative association between health-protective behaviours and belief in the specific form of misInformation popularly known as 'conspiracy theory'. Concerns have arisen regarding the spread of COVID-19 conspiracy theories on social media. Methods Three questionnaire surveys of social media use, conspiracy beliefs and health-protective behaviours with regard to COVID-19 among UK residents were carried out online, one using a self-selecting sample (N = 949) and two using stratified random samples from a recruited panel (N = 2250, N = 2254). Results All three studies found a negative relationship between COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and COVID-19 health-protective behaviours, and a positive relationship between COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and use of social media as a Source of Information about COVID-19. Studies 2 and 3 also found a negative relationship between COVID-19 health-protective behaviours and use of social media as a Source of Information, and Study 3 found a positive relationship between health-protective behaviours and use of broadcast media as a Source of Information. Conclusions When used as an Information Source, unregulated social media may present a health risk that is partly but not wholly reducible to their role as disseminators of health-related conspiracy beliefs.

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