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Jao Jia Horng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Structural Equation Model of Success in Drinking Water Source Protection Programs
Sustainability, 2020Co-Authors: Hew Cameron Merrett, Wei Tong Chen, Jao Jia HorngAbstract:The management structures put in place for the Protection of drinking water Sources are multifaceted and include a range of government agencies, landholders and regulatory agencies. While Source Protection is widely practiced in the water industry, there is limited research on underlying constructs that support successful outcomes in drinking water Source Protection (DWSP) programs. This study builds on current research by further investigating the following proposed critical success factors (CSFs) for Source Protection: CSF1: policy and government agency support of Source Protection; CSF2: catchment condition information and risk monitoring; CSF3: support of operational field activities; and CSF4: response to water quality threats. This study uses structural equation modeling (SEM) to confirm the associations amongst the four CSFs. The results show that policy and government agency support for DWSP has a significant influence over how water service providers (WSPs) plan operational activities for risk management. This emphasizes the importance of the role policy and government agencies have in supporting DWSP. The relationships between the CSFs, which typically fall under the responsibility of WSPs, show that information on catchment condition influences operational activities for risk management, and these mediate the influence over response to water quality threats. The response to threats also showed a strong relationship with the function of monitoring catchment risk. The resulting SEM framework provides new insights into the underlying structures that influence outcomes in catchment management and Source Protection.
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A Systems Analysis Approach to Identifying Critical Success Factors in Drinking Water Source Protection Programs
Sustainability, 2019Co-Authors: Hew Cameron Merrett, Wei Tong Chen, Jao Jia HorngAbstract:The success of Source Protection in ensuring safe drinking water is centered around being able to understand the hazards present in the catchment then plan and implement control measures to manage water quality risk to levels which can be controlled through downstream barriers. The programs in place to manage Source Protection are complex sociotechnical systems involving policy, standards, regulators, technology, human factors and so on. This study uses System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to analyze the operational hazards of a typical drinking water Source Protection (DWSP) program and identify countermeasures to ensure safe operations. To validate the STPA results a questionnaire was developed based on selective grouping of the initial countermeasures identified and distributed to specialists in DWSP in Taiwan, Australia and Greece. Through statistical analysis using Principle Components Analysis (PCA), the study identified four critical success factors (CSFs) for DWSP based on the questionnaire responses. The four CSFs identified were “Policy and Government Agency Support of Source Protection”, “Catchment Risk Monitoring and Information”, “Support of Operational Field Activities” and “Response to Water Quality Threats”. The results of this study provide insight into the approach of grouping of Source Protection measures to identify a series of targeted CSF for operational Source Protection programs. Using CSF can aid catchment management agencies in ensuring that the risk level in the catchment is managed effectively and that threats to public health from drinking water are managed appropriately.
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A Systems Analysis Approach to Identifying Critical Success Factors in Drinking Water Source Protection Programs
2019Co-Authors: Hew Cameron Merrett, Wei Tong Chen, Jao Jia HorngAbstract:The success of Source Protection in ensuring safe drinking water is centered around being able to understand the hazards present in the catchment then plan and implement control measures to manage water quality risk to levels which can be controlled through downstream barriers. The programs in place to manage Source Protection are complex sociotechnical systems involving policy, standards, regulators, technology, human factors and so on. This study uses System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to analyze the operational hazards of a typical drinking water Source Protection (DWSP) program and identify control measures to ensure safe operations. To validate the results a questionnaire was developed and distributed to specialists in DWSP in Taiwan, Australia and Greece. Using Principle Components Analysis (PCA) of the questionnaire responses, the study identified four critical success factors (CSFs) for DWSP. The four factors identified are ‘Policy and Government Agency Support of Source Protection’, ‘Catchment Risk Monitoring and Information’, ‘Support of Operational Field Activities’ and ‘Response to Water Quality Threats’. The results of this study provide insight into the approach of grouping of Source Protection measures to identify a series of targeted CSF for operational Source Protection programs. Using CSF can aide catchment management agencies in ensuring that the risk level in the catchment is managed effectively and that threats to public health from drinking water are managed appropriately.
Hew Cameron Merrett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Structural Equation Model of Success in Drinking Water Source Protection Programs
Sustainability, 2020Co-Authors: Hew Cameron Merrett, Wei Tong Chen, Jao Jia HorngAbstract:The management structures put in place for the Protection of drinking water Sources are multifaceted and include a range of government agencies, landholders and regulatory agencies. While Source Protection is widely practiced in the water industry, there is limited research on underlying constructs that support successful outcomes in drinking water Source Protection (DWSP) programs. This study builds on current research by further investigating the following proposed critical success factors (CSFs) for Source Protection: CSF1: policy and government agency support of Source Protection; CSF2: catchment condition information and risk monitoring; CSF3: support of operational field activities; and CSF4: response to water quality threats. This study uses structural equation modeling (SEM) to confirm the associations amongst the four CSFs. The results show that policy and government agency support for DWSP has a significant influence over how water service providers (WSPs) plan operational activities for risk management. This emphasizes the importance of the role policy and government agencies have in supporting DWSP. The relationships between the CSFs, which typically fall under the responsibility of WSPs, show that information on catchment condition influences operational activities for risk management, and these mediate the influence over response to water quality threats. The response to threats also showed a strong relationship with the function of monitoring catchment risk. The resulting SEM framework provides new insights into the underlying structures that influence outcomes in catchment management and Source Protection.
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A Systems Analysis Approach to Identifying Critical Success Factors in Drinking Water Source Protection Programs
Sustainability, 2019Co-Authors: Hew Cameron Merrett, Wei Tong Chen, Jao Jia HorngAbstract:The success of Source Protection in ensuring safe drinking water is centered around being able to understand the hazards present in the catchment then plan and implement control measures to manage water quality risk to levels which can be controlled through downstream barriers. The programs in place to manage Source Protection are complex sociotechnical systems involving policy, standards, regulators, technology, human factors and so on. This study uses System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to analyze the operational hazards of a typical drinking water Source Protection (DWSP) program and identify countermeasures to ensure safe operations. To validate the STPA results a questionnaire was developed based on selective grouping of the initial countermeasures identified and distributed to specialists in DWSP in Taiwan, Australia and Greece. Through statistical analysis using Principle Components Analysis (PCA), the study identified four critical success factors (CSFs) for DWSP based on the questionnaire responses. The four CSFs identified were “Policy and Government Agency Support of Source Protection”, “Catchment Risk Monitoring and Information”, “Support of Operational Field Activities” and “Response to Water Quality Threats”. The results of this study provide insight into the approach of grouping of Source Protection measures to identify a series of targeted CSF for operational Source Protection programs. Using CSF can aid catchment management agencies in ensuring that the risk level in the catchment is managed effectively and that threats to public health from drinking water are managed appropriately.
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A Systems Analysis Approach to Identifying Critical Success Factors in Drinking Water Source Protection Programs
2019Co-Authors: Hew Cameron Merrett, Wei Tong Chen, Jao Jia HorngAbstract:The success of Source Protection in ensuring safe drinking water is centered around being able to understand the hazards present in the catchment then plan and implement control measures to manage water quality risk to levels which can be controlled through downstream barriers. The programs in place to manage Source Protection are complex sociotechnical systems involving policy, standards, regulators, technology, human factors and so on. This study uses System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to analyze the operational hazards of a typical drinking water Source Protection (DWSP) program and identify control measures to ensure safe operations. To validate the results a questionnaire was developed and distributed to specialists in DWSP in Taiwan, Australia and Greece. Using Principle Components Analysis (PCA) of the questionnaire responses, the study identified four critical success factors (CSFs) for DWSP. The four factors identified are ‘Policy and Government Agency Support of Source Protection’, ‘Catchment Risk Monitoring and Information’, ‘Support of Operational Field Activities’ and ‘Response to Water Quality Threats’. The results of this study provide insight into the approach of grouping of Source Protection measures to identify a series of targeted CSF for operational Source Protection programs. Using CSF can aide catchment management agencies in ensuring that the risk level in the catchment is managed effectively and that threats to public health from drinking water are managed appropriately.
Wei Tong Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Structural Equation Model of Success in Drinking Water Source Protection Programs
Sustainability, 2020Co-Authors: Hew Cameron Merrett, Wei Tong Chen, Jao Jia HorngAbstract:The management structures put in place for the Protection of drinking water Sources are multifaceted and include a range of government agencies, landholders and regulatory agencies. While Source Protection is widely practiced in the water industry, there is limited research on underlying constructs that support successful outcomes in drinking water Source Protection (DWSP) programs. This study builds on current research by further investigating the following proposed critical success factors (CSFs) for Source Protection: CSF1: policy and government agency support of Source Protection; CSF2: catchment condition information and risk monitoring; CSF3: support of operational field activities; and CSF4: response to water quality threats. This study uses structural equation modeling (SEM) to confirm the associations amongst the four CSFs. The results show that policy and government agency support for DWSP has a significant influence over how water service providers (WSPs) plan operational activities for risk management. This emphasizes the importance of the role policy and government agencies have in supporting DWSP. The relationships between the CSFs, which typically fall under the responsibility of WSPs, show that information on catchment condition influences operational activities for risk management, and these mediate the influence over response to water quality threats. The response to threats also showed a strong relationship with the function of monitoring catchment risk. The resulting SEM framework provides new insights into the underlying structures that influence outcomes in catchment management and Source Protection.
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A Systems Analysis Approach to Identifying Critical Success Factors in Drinking Water Source Protection Programs
Sustainability, 2019Co-Authors: Hew Cameron Merrett, Wei Tong Chen, Jao Jia HorngAbstract:The success of Source Protection in ensuring safe drinking water is centered around being able to understand the hazards present in the catchment then plan and implement control measures to manage water quality risk to levels which can be controlled through downstream barriers. The programs in place to manage Source Protection are complex sociotechnical systems involving policy, standards, regulators, technology, human factors and so on. This study uses System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to analyze the operational hazards of a typical drinking water Source Protection (DWSP) program and identify countermeasures to ensure safe operations. To validate the STPA results a questionnaire was developed based on selective grouping of the initial countermeasures identified and distributed to specialists in DWSP in Taiwan, Australia and Greece. Through statistical analysis using Principle Components Analysis (PCA), the study identified four critical success factors (CSFs) for DWSP based on the questionnaire responses. The four CSFs identified were “Policy and Government Agency Support of Source Protection”, “Catchment Risk Monitoring and Information”, “Support of Operational Field Activities” and “Response to Water Quality Threats”. The results of this study provide insight into the approach of grouping of Source Protection measures to identify a series of targeted CSF for operational Source Protection programs. Using CSF can aid catchment management agencies in ensuring that the risk level in the catchment is managed effectively and that threats to public health from drinking water are managed appropriately.
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A Systems Analysis Approach to Identifying Critical Success Factors in Drinking Water Source Protection Programs
2019Co-Authors: Hew Cameron Merrett, Wei Tong Chen, Jao Jia HorngAbstract:The success of Source Protection in ensuring safe drinking water is centered around being able to understand the hazards present in the catchment then plan and implement control measures to manage water quality risk to levels which can be controlled through downstream barriers. The programs in place to manage Source Protection are complex sociotechnical systems involving policy, standards, regulators, technology, human factors and so on. This study uses System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to analyze the operational hazards of a typical drinking water Source Protection (DWSP) program and identify control measures to ensure safe operations. To validate the results a questionnaire was developed and distributed to specialists in DWSP in Taiwan, Australia and Greece. Using Principle Components Analysis (PCA) of the questionnaire responses, the study identified four critical success factors (CSFs) for DWSP. The four factors identified are ‘Policy and Government Agency Support of Source Protection’, ‘Catchment Risk Monitoring and Information’, ‘Support of Operational Field Activities’ and ‘Response to Water Quality Threats’. The results of this study provide insight into the approach of grouping of Source Protection measures to identify a series of targeted CSF for operational Source Protection programs. Using CSF can aide catchment management agencies in ensuring that the risk level in the catchment is managed effectively and that threats to public health from drinking water are managed appropriately.
Massimo V. Civita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An improved method for delineating Source Protection zones for karst springs based on analysis of recession curve data
Hydrogeology Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Massimo V. CivitaAbstract:Une méthode classique pour le tracé des périmètres de Protection des Sources, en particulier pour les Sources d’origine karstique, a été améliorée. La méthode, basée sur l’analyse de la courbe de tarissement, définit quatre scénarios de vulnérabilité avec une évaluation des dimensions appropriées des surfaces à protéger, intégrant des situations où les données de terrain ne sont pas disponibles. La nouvelle approche facilite la séparation des composants de l’hydrogramme de débit de la Source. L’objectif est de simplifier, au sein d’une procédure efficace et plus rigoureuse, la détermination des paramètres employés dans le modèle de Mangin’s—Mangin A (1975) Contribution a l’étude hydrodynamique des aquifères karstiques-Troisième partie: Constitution et fonctionnement des aquifères karstiques. Ann Speleol 30(1):21–124. La procédure d’origine, ajoutée au manque de données suffisantes, donnait libre court à des interprétations subjectives. Avec l’aide de la technologie moderne, de gros volumes de données sont disponibles ; il est nécessaire de les traiter en employant un filtre réducteur de bruit avant de passer à l’interprétation. En travaillant sur la série de données de débit, les auteurs proposent une approche statistique pour établir une solution analytique permettant de déterminer les valeurs des paramètres fondamentaux du modèle de courbe de tarissement. Ils définissent la nouvelle méthode et la comparent à la méthodologie originale. La nouvelle approche a été testée et appliquée à un certain nombre de Sources karstiques en Italie. Un cas d’étude d’une Source située dans le Piémont, région des Alpes maritimes, est présenté. La nouvelle méthode peut être utilisée pour déterminer les limites des zones de Protection des eaux souterraines utilisée pour l’alimentation en eau potable, selon les exigences des législations européenne et locales. Se ha mejorado un método estándar para delinear zonas de protección de manantiales cársticos o carbonáticos. El método, basado en el análisis de curvas de recesión, define cuatro escenarios de vulnerabilidad con una evaluación de las dimensiones apropiadas de las áreas de protección, incluyendo aquellas situaciones donde no se dispone de datos de campo. Esta nueva propuesta hace más sencilla la separación de los componentes del hidrograma de descarga de los manantiales. El objetivo es lograr la simplificación y un procedimiento más riguroso y efectivo en la determinación de los parámetros que usa el modelo de Mangin—Mangin A (1975) Contribution a l’étude hydrodynamique des aquifères karstiques-Troisieme partie: Constitution et fonctionnement des aquifères karstiques (Contribución al estudio hidrodinámico de acuíferos cársticos, 3^a parte: constitución y funcionamiento de los acuíferos cársticos). Ann Speleol 30(1):21–124. El procedimiento original está sujeto a interpretaciones subjetivas, a lo que se suma la ausencia de datos necesarios. Con la ayuda de tecnología moderna, grandes cantidades de datos hoy están disponibles y es necesario procesarlos usando filtros computacionales depuradores de señales antes de proceder a su interpretación. Operando sobre series de datos de descarga, se propone una aproximación estadística que brinda una solución analítica para determinar los valores de los parámetros fundamentales de la curva de recesión. Se define la nueva propuesta, se la compara con la metodología original, y se la aplica a varios manantiales cársticos de Italia. Se presenta un estudio de caso de un manantial ubicado en la región pedemontana de los Alpes marítimos. Este procedimiento puede utilizarse para marcar los límites de zonas de protección de aguas subterráneas utilizadas para provisión de agua potable, tal lo requerido por la legislación local y europea. A standard method for delineating Source Protection zones, particularly for karst and carbonate springs, has been improved. The method, based on recession curve analysis, defines four vulnerability scenarios with an evaluation of the appropriate dimensions of the Protection areas, accommodating situations where field-test data are not available. The new approach makes it easier to separate the components of the spring discharge hydrograph. The objective is to achieve simplification, and an effective, more rigorous, procedure in the determination of the parameters used by Mangin’s model—Mangin A (1975) Contribution a l’étude hydrodynamique des aquifères karstiques-Troisieme partie: Constitution et fonctionnement des aquifères karstiques (Contribution to the hydrodynamic study of karst aquifers, part 3: formation and work of karst aquifers). Ann Speleol 30(1):21–124. The original procedure, plus the lack of sufficient data, was open to subjective interpretation. With the aid of modern technology, a very large quantity of data is now available and it is necessary to process it using denoise type computer-based filters before passing to interpretation. Working with discharge data series, a statistical approach is proposed to give an analytical solution for determining the values of fundamental parameters of the recession curve model. The new procedure is defined and compared with the original methodology. The new approach has been tested and applied to a number of karst springs in Italy. A case history for a spring located in the Piedmont region of the Maritime Alps, is presented. The proposed new procedure can be utilised to mark the limits of the Protection zones of tapped groundwater supplied for potable use, as required by European and local legislation.
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An improved method for delineating Source Protection zones for karst springs based on analysis of recession curve data
Hydrogeology Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Massimo V. CivitaAbstract:A standard method for delineating Source Protection zones, particularly for karst and carbonate springs, has been improved. The method, based on recession curve analysis, defines four vulnerability scenarios with an evaluation of the appropriate dimensions of the Protection areas, accommodating situations where field-test data are not available. The new approach makes it easier to separate the components of the spring discharge hydrograph. The objective is to achieve simplification, and an effective, more rigorous, procedure in the determination of the parameters used by Mangin’s model—Mangin A (1975) Contribution a l’etude hydrodynamique des aquiferes karstiques-Troisieme partie: Constitution et fonctionnement des aquiferes karstiques (Contribution to the hydrodynamic study of karst aquifers, part 3: formation and work of karst aquifers). Ann Speleol 30(1):21–124. The original procedure, plus the lack of sufficient data, was open to subjective interpretation. With the aid of modern technology, a very large quantity of data is now available and it is necessary to process it using denoise type computer-based filters before passing to interpretation. Working with discharge data series, a statistical approach is proposed to give an analytical solution for determining the values of fundamental parameters of the recession curve model. The new procedure is defined and compared with the original methodology. The new approach has been tested and applied to a number of karst springs in Italy. A case history for a spring located in the Piedmont region of the Maritime Alps, is presented. The proposed new procedure can be utilised to mark the limits of the Protection zones of tapped groundwater supplied for potable use, as required by European and local legislation.
Fillia Makedon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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entrapping adversaries for Source Protection in sensor networks
World of Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks, 2006Co-Authors: Yi Ouyang, Guanling Chen, James Ford, Fillia MakedonAbstract:Sensor networks are used in a variety of application areas for diverse problems from habitat monitoring to military tracking. Whenever they are used to monitor sensitive objects, the privacy of monitored objects' locations becomes an important concern. When a sensor reports a monitored object by sending a series of messages through the sensor network, the route these messages take in theory creates a trail leading back to their Source. By eavesdropping on communications, an attacker may be able to move from node to node to follow this trail. Several approaches aimed at discouraging this kind of eavesdropping have been proposed, including mechanisms for constructing "phantom" routes and approaches that insert fake Sources as background noise. A problem with existing approaches is that message latencies become larger and energy costs become higher as a result of introducing Protections for the privacy of a Source location. This paper proposes a new cyclic entrapment method (CEM) that protects Source locations in sensor networks while adding a comparatively low cost in terms of additional message latency and energy.
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WOWMOM - Entrapping adversaries for Source Protection in sensor networks
2006 International Symposium on a World of Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks(WoWMoM'06), 1Co-Authors: Yi Ouyang, Guanling Chen, James Ford, Fillia MakedonAbstract:Sensor networks are used in a variety of application areas for diverse problems from habitat monitoring to military tracking. Whenever they are used to monitor sensitive objects, the privacy of monitored objects' locations becomes an important concern. When a sensor reports a monitored object by sending a series of messages through the sensor network, the route these messages take in theory creates a trail leading back to their Source. By eavesdropping on communications, an attacker may be able to move from node to node to follow this trail. Several approaches aimed at discouraging this kind of eavesdropping have been proposed, including mechanisms for constructing "phantom" routes and approaches that insert fake Sources as background noise. A problem with existing approaches is that message latencies become larger and energy costs become higher as a result of introducing Protections for the privacy of a Source location. This paper proposes a new cyclic entrapment method (CEM) that protects Source locations in sensor networks while adding a comparatively low cost in terms of additional message latency and energy.