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Robert A. Goehlich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Space Tourism
Hospitality Travel and Tourism, 2020Co-Authors: Robert A. GoehlichAbstract:According to the Space Policy Institute (2002, Bib. section), “Space Tourism is the term broadly applied to the concept of paying customers traveling beyond Earth's atmosphere.” Operating reusable launch vehicles (RLVs) might be a first step toward achieving mass Space Tourism. Thus, the aim of this article is to investigate the potential hurdles and other aspects of importance that must be overcome in order to use RLVs for Space Tourism flights. The primary ones are social issues (e.g., “Is Space Tourism ethically acceptable?”), institutional issues (e.g., “Is environmental pollution caused by Space Tourism more harmful than other emission sources?”), and financial issues (e.g., “Are any potential investors interested in Space Tourism?”).
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Space Tourism: Hurdles and Hopes
International Journal of Aviation Systems Operations and Training, 2020Co-Authors: Robert A. GoehlichAbstract:According to the Space Policy Institute (2002, Bib. section), “Space Tourism is the term broadly applied to the concept of paying customers traveling beyond Earth's atmosphere.” Operating reusable launch vehicles (RLVs) might be a first step toward achieving mass Space Tourism. Thus, the aim of this article is to investigate the potential hurdles and other aspects of importance that must be overcome in order to use RLVs for Space Tourism flights. The primary ones are social issues (e.g., “Is Space Tourism ethically acceptable?”), institutional issues (e.g., “Is environmental pollution caused by Space Tourism more harmful than other emission sources?”), and financial issues (e.g., “Are any potential investors interested in Space Tourism?”).
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Commerce in Space: Aspects of Space Tourism
Commerce in Space, 2020Co-Authors: Robert A. GoehlichAbstract:Space Tourism is the term broadly applied to the concept of paying customers traveling beyond Earth’s atmosphere. Operating reusable launch vehicles might be a first step to realize mass Space Tourism. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to investigate the potential hurdles along with other important aspects of Space Tourism flights utilizing reusable launch vehicles. The primary elements are social issues, e.g. “Is Space Tourism acceptable concerning ethical aspects?”, institutional issues, e.g. “Is environmental pollution caused by Space Tourism harmful compared to other emission sources?” and financial issues, e.g. “Are there any potential investors interested in Space Tourism?”. Fig. 1 shows a selection of key aspects of Space Tourism, which includes hurdles and opposing forces. Hurdles and opposing forces could be harmful for a successful establishment and enhancement of Space Tourism activities. These potential hurdles in commercial Space travel need to be considered thoroughly, preferably before actual activation of the first regular Space tourist services (Goehlich, 2003). Those aspects are discussed in this chapter after giving some brief information on Space Tourism in the background section.
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pilots for Space Tourism
Space Policy, 2013Co-Authors: Robert A. Goehlich, Jay K Anderson, Nathan N Harrold, Joseph A Bemis, Mike T Nettleingham, Joshua M Cobin, Bradley R Zimmerman, Ben L Avni, Michael D Gonyea, Nicholas Y IlchenaAbstract:Abstract This article sheds light on the key player needed for any Space Tourism adventure: the pilot who flies the Spacecraft. The paper addresses the potential benefits of including a pilot at the controls when designing a Space Tourism Spacecraft. It examines the basic qualifications and advanced skills required of Space Tourism pilots and discusses key training requirements for selected pilots and Space pilots' pay and benefits. In addition, the research concludes that, just as the pioneers of passenger transport in aviation entertained and captured the interest of their passengers, the Space pilot should have the skills of a tour guide.
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a ticket pricing strategy for an oligopolistic Space Tourism market
Space Policy, 2005Co-Authors: Robert A. GoehlichAbstract:Abstract It is important for any new launch system to develop a successful pricing strategy and to optimize launch system parameters to receive a high economic profit. A question arises, what will happen when an existing suborbital flight market (the first likely to be established in Space) is interfered with by a new established orbital flight market for Space Tourism. There is a risk that the suborbital Space Tourism market could be almost instantly displaced when a product capable of reaching orbit was introduced. This is best discussed using the following three cases whose results are presented in this paper. Case A presents a ticket pricing strategy for a suborbital and orbital vehicle if the two vehicles do not compete in the same market. Case B shows the necessary ticket pricing strategy for a suborbital vehicle if there is competition from an orbital flight operator. However, the suborbital vehicle would not be able to keep up with a drop in ticket prices due to its obsolete characteristics. Thus, the suborbital vehicle would be forced to stop operation in the year when flight costs became higher than flight receipts as shown in case C.
Keith Wilkes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Space Tourism research recommendations for the future of the industry and perspectives of potential participants
Tourism Management, 2012Co-Authors: Maharaj Vijay Reddy, Mirela Nica, Keith WilkesAbstract:This paper has two objectives. Firstly, it proposes a set of research dimensions for the further investigation of the emerging Space Tourism industry and secondly, it examines the perceptions of potential Space travel participants on key factors that influence their motivation, behaviour and decision-making. The research methodology adopted in this study involved collecting quantitative data from British residents in Southern England to explore and understand their perceptions of Space Tourism. In addition, qualitative data was gathered by interviewing key informants connected to the Space Tourism industry including Virgin Galactic, Airbus and EADS Astrium to understand their views on people’s motivations, perceptions and the future of the industry. Data analysis shows that intentional need for adventure and exploration is the motivational force in Space Tourism. Willingness to undertake Space travel is also influenced by the perception to risk, which plays a central role in potential tourist behaviour. Furthermore, factors such as type of Space travel (orbital/sub-orbital),type of launch and design of the Spacecraft, location of Spaceports, training required, duration, insurance, health and reputation of the operating company also seem to have some influence on tourist decision-making. The paper contends that while global research dimensions are necessary it is also important to understand perceptions on a country-specific and regional basis.
Derek Webber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Current Space Tourism Developments
Tourism Social Science Series, 2019Co-Authors: Derek WebberAbstract:This chapter provides a status update as of 2018 on Space Tourism offerings either currently available or actively in the development process. The aim is to perform an evaluation of how the offerings respond to the aspirations described in the earlier chapters and also to provide a basis for the discussion on implications of Space Tourism described in subsequent chapters. In addition to analyzing suborbital, orbital, and lunar developments, the chapter discusses the state of the infrastructure supporting Space Tourism advances. This provides a perhaps subdued reality when compared with the heady initial hopes.
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Space Tourism its history future and importance
Acta Astronautica, 2013Co-Authors: Derek WebberAbstract:Abstract This paper sets Space Tourism in its historic setting, while looking ahead to where it may lead, and it underlines the significance of the new Space Tourism services to the overall future of the utilization of Space, whether for commercial or governmental purposes.
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point to point sub orbital Space Tourism some initial considerations
Acta Astronautica, 2010Co-Authors: Derek WebberAbstract:Abstract Several public statements have been made about the possible, or even likely, extension of initial sub-orbital Space Tourism operations to encompass point-to-point travel. It is the purpose of this paper to explore some of the basic considerations for such a plan, in order to understand both its merits and its problems. The paper will discuss a range of perspectives, from basic physics to market segmentation, from ground segment logistics to Spacecraft design considerations. It is important that these initial considerations are grasped before more detailed planning and design takes place.
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Designing the Orbital Space Tourism Experience
AIP Conference Proceedings, 2006Co-Authors: Derek WebberAbstract:Sub‐orbital Space Tourism is now well on its way to becoming a reality, with offerings by Virgin Galactic, Rocketplane, and others soon to be made available. Orbital Space Tourism is harder to achieve, but, if successful as a business model, will make significant contributions towards improved operational efficiencies, reusability, reliability and economies of scale to the world of crewed Space flight. Some responses to the President’s Vision for Space Exploration have included public Space travel in low Earth orbit as sustaining and enabling elements of the vision in a post‐Shuttle Space architecture. This paper addresses the steps necessary to make possible such a US‐based orbital Space Tourism business, and will assist commercial and government agencies concerned with the development of this new sector.
Stephan Hobe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the legal regime for private Space Tourism activities an overview
Acta Astronautica, 2010Co-Authors: Stephan HobeAbstract:Abstract “Space Tourism” denotes any commercial activity that offers customers direct or indirect experience with Space travel. Various models for Space Tourism activities exist including the use of an aircraft and/or Spacecraft. The paper surveys some of the most important legal aspects relevant to Space Tourism activities, such as, the delimitation of airSpace and outer Space, the applicable legal regime and the definition of aircraft and Space object, authorization, registration, liability, as well as the legal status of Space tourists.
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The legal regime for private Space Tourism activities—An overview
Acta Astronautica, 2010Co-Authors: Stephan HobeAbstract:Abstract “Space Tourism” denotes any commercial activity that offers customers direct or indirect experience with Space travel. Various models for Space Tourism activities exist including the use of an aircraft and/or Spacecraft. The paper surveys some of the most important legal aspects relevant to Space Tourism activities, such as, the delimitation of airSpace and outer Space, the applicable legal regime and the definition of aircraft and Space object, authorization, registration, liability, as well as the legal status of Space tourists.
Dirk C. Gibson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Capital Investment Impediment to Commercial Space Tourism and Investor Relations Solutions
AIAA SPACE 2009 Conference & Exposition, 2009Co-Authors: Dirk C. Gibson, Cassondra Lopez, Erica KrauseAbstract:The development of the commercial Space Tourism industry may or may not occur; at the time of writing of this paper (mid-2009) there has been relatively little Space Tourism to date. While there are currently promising developments, such as the Virgin Galactic coalition with Scaled Composites, it is fair to state that there is not yet a viable commercial Space Tourism industry. One of the primary impediments to development of this industry is lack of investment. This paper reports two main findings; 1) Insufficient investment is a primary impediment to commercial Space Tourism industrial development, and 2) Investor relations practices can assist Space Tourism firms with capital acquisition.
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Regulatory Obstacles to Commercial Space Tourism and the Lobbying Solution
AIAA SPACE 2009 Conference & Exposition, 2009Co-Authors: John George, Dirk C. GibsonAbstract:This paper asks two fundamental and related questions about Space Tourism: how significant are regulatory impediments to development of commercial Space Tourism, and does lobbying offer substantial promise as a means of countering regulatory impediments to Space Tourism? The first question is fundamental because regulation has been identified by potential Space Tourism providers and stakeholders as the greatest barrier to participating in this industry. The secon d question functions as a conceptual derivative of the first. If regulation is a significant barrier, then successful lobbying can present a possible solution for overcoming that barrier: successful lobbying can result in changes in a regulatory regime. Th ese changes can either be partial and thus counter the challenges of regulation, or complete, and eliminate them entirely. So, the answer to the second question will depend upon the answer to the first. They must be addressed separately and in order. This study will be limited to the domestic United States commercial Space Tourism industry, and will investigate the regulatory role of the United States government and its agencies in the regulation of this industry. Because most of the regulation of this indu stry was consolidated into the Federal Aviation Administration Office of the Associate Administrator of the Office of Commercial Space Transportation, that particular agency, and the regulations that it has promulgated will be a focus. The other Federal ag ency that most significantly regulates this industry is the Department of State “pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act and the International Traffic in Arms Regulations.” The FAA/AST and its policies and regulations are identified as an insignificant reg ulatory barrier, whereas the Department of State and the ITAR regulations pose a significant and potentially overly burdensome obstacle. Other Federal Agencies and various states also regulate commercial Space Tourism. They will be included in the analysis , as well as the possible burdens that they might create in their regulatory roles. Lobbying has been remarkably successful in this industry. The Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004 and its predecessor, the Commercial Space Launch Act are exampl es of how legislation has been successfully influenced by stakeholders in the industry. In addition to investigating the successes of lobbying in this industry, an analysis and assessment of the organizations and the tactics of lobbying will be discussed.
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The Communication Dimensions of Commercial Space Tourism Websites Compared to Advocacy Organizations
AIAA SPACE 2009 Conference & Exposition, 2009Co-Authors: Dirk C. Gibson, Audrey JohnsonAbstract:Websites may well be the single most significant strategic communication tactic available to commercial Space Tourism firms and their nonprofit advocacy organization counterparts. The present study analyzed the communication potential of contemporary Space Tourism organizational websites by comparing site characteristics of for -profit vs. advocacy organizations. Both commercial and advocacy websites universally featured home pages and sections “about us” and an equal number discussed or ganizational history, while FAQs were relatively uncommon in both. Seldom -used communication tactics for both types of organizations included annual reports, e -newsletters, backgrounders, fact sheets, ‘zines and RSS audio feed. Commercial sites included in vestor information unlike advocacy sites, while only adv ocacy sites had information on b oards of advisors and provided salient links. Commercial sites used photograph galleries and audio, unlike advocacy sites which instead employed white papers, conferenc es and magazines. Both types of Space Tourism organizations used events, merchandising and speeches more than expected.
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The Paradox of P re -Industrial Space Tourism Public Relations
AIAA SPACE 2008 Conference & Exposition, 2008Co-Authors: Dirk C. Gibson, April Bittler, Christopher SanchezAbstract:The existence of a com mercial Space Tourism industry was investigated by the present study. Our purpose was to ascertain the magnitude of public relation s activity on behalf of this emergent recreation industry. At the time of writing of this paper, in mid -2008, we concluded th at there was not yet a viable commercial Space Tourism industry, despite encouraging and positive signs to the contrary. Nevertheless, we located more than 200 types of public relations tactics, and quantified more than 2,200 instances of Space Tourism pub lic relations activity.
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A Critical Analysis of the International Space Station as a Space Tourism Destination
AIAA SPACE 2008 Conference & Exposition, 2008Co-Authors: Dirk C. Gibson, Breanna Jaramillo, Silvia Noemi Anaya, Fatima MckenzieAbstract:Th e International Space Station (ISS) serves important scientific and operational purposes, advancing our understanding of how to live in Space and accumulating a practical body of knowledge. Another funct ion has been served by the ISS, that of destination for Space tourists. This study examines the suitability of the ISS as a recreational venue. We found that there is a sufficient demand for commercial Space Tourism services, and that at present there is no alternative destina tion to th e ISS. Unfortunately, a number of im pe di ment s might make the ISS a suboptimal Space Tourism venue . In addition, several potentially serious consequence s would result from allocation of ISS time and resources to serving as a hotel.