The Experts below are selected from a list of 127626 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Eric R Kandel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Loss of retinoid X receptor gamma subunit impairs group 1 mGluR mediated electrophysiological responses and group 1 mGluR dependent behaviors
Scientific Reports, 2021Co-Authors: Chirag Upreti, Eric R Kandel, Caitlin M. Woodruff, Xiao-lei Zhang, Michael J. Yim, Zhen-yu Zhou, Andrew M. Pagano, Dina S. Rehanian, Deqi Yin, Patric K. StantonAbstract:Retinoid X receptors are members of the nuclear receptor family that regulate gene expression in response to retinoic acid and related ligands. Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors are G-protein coupled transmembrane receptors that activate intracellular signaling cascades in response to the neurotransmitter, glutamate. These two classes of molecules have been studied independently and found to play important roles in regulating neuronal physiology with potential clinical implications for disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. Here we show that mice lacking the retinoid X receptor subunit, RXRγ, exhibit impairments in group 1 mGluR-mediated electrophysiological responses at hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 pyramidal cell synapses, including impaired group 1 mGluR-dependent long-term synaptic depression (LTD), reduced group 1 mGluR-induced calcium release, and loss of group 1 mGluR-activated voltage-sensitive currents. These animals also exhibit impairments in a subset of group 1 mGluR-dependent behaviors, including motor performance, Spatial Object recognition, and prepulse inhibition. Together, these observations demonstrate convergence between the RXRγ and group 1 mGluR signaling pathways that may function to coordinate their regulation of neuronal activity. They also identify RXRγ as a potential target for the treatment of disorders in which group 1 mGluR signaling has been implicated.
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dopamine release from the locus coeruleus to the dorsal hippocampus promotes Spatial learning and memory
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016Co-Authors: Kimberly A Kempadoo, Eric R Kandel, Eugene V Mosharov, Se Joon Choi, David SulzerAbstract:Dopamine neurotransmission in the dorsal hippocampus is critical for a range of functions from Spatial learning and synaptic plasticity to the deficits underlying psychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is the presumed source of dopamine in the dorsal hippocampus. However, there is a surprising scarcity of VTA dopamine axons in the dorsal hippocampus despite the dense network of dopamine receptors. We have explored this apparent paradox using optogenetic, biochemical, and behavioral approaches and found that dopaminergic axons and subsequent dopamine release in the dorsal hippocampus originate from neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC). Photostimulation of LC axons produced an increase in dopamine release in the dorsal hippocampus as revealed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Furthermore, optogenetically induced release of dopamine from the LC into the dorsal hippocampus enhanced selective attention and Spatial Object recognition via the dopamine D1/D5 receptor. These results suggest that Spatial learning and memory are energized by the release of dopamine in the dorsal hippocampus from noradrenergic neurons of the LC. The present findings are critical for identifying the neural circuits that enable proper attention selection and successful learning and memory.
Patric K. Stanton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Loss of retinoid X receptor gamma subunit impairs group 1 mGluR mediated electrophysiological responses and group 1 mGluR dependent behaviors
Scientific Reports, 2021Co-Authors: Chirag Upreti, Eric R Kandel, Caitlin M. Woodruff, Xiao-lei Zhang, Michael J. Yim, Zhen-yu Zhou, Andrew M. Pagano, Dina S. Rehanian, Deqi Yin, Patric K. StantonAbstract:Retinoid X receptors are members of the nuclear receptor family that regulate gene expression in response to retinoic acid and related ligands. Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors are G-protein coupled transmembrane receptors that activate intracellular signaling cascades in response to the neurotransmitter, glutamate. These two classes of molecules have been studied independently and found to play important roles in regulating neuronal physiology with potential clinical implications for disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. Here we show that mice lacking the retinoid X receptor subunit, RXRγ, exhibit impairments in group 1 mGluR-mediated electrophysiological responses at hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 pyramidal cell synapses, including impaired group 1 mGluR-dependent long-term synaptic depression (LTD), reduced group 1 mGluR-induced calcium release, and loss of group 1 mGluR-activated voltage-sensitive currents. These animals also exhibit impairments in a subset of group 1 mGluR-dependent behaviors, including motor performance, Spatial Object recognition, and prepulse inhibition. Together, these observations demonstrate convergence between the RXRγ and group 1 mGluR signaling pathways that may function to coordinate their regulation of neuronal activity. They also identify RXRγ as a potential target for the treatment of disorders in which group 1 mGluR signaling has been implicated.
Xiaolin Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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experimental effects and individual differences in linear mixed models estimating the relationship between Spatial Object and attraction effects in visual attention
The Mind Research Repository, 2010Co-Authors: Reinhold Kliegl, Michael Dambacher, Xiaolin ZhouAbstract:Linear mixed models (LMMs) provide a still underused methodological perspective on combining experimental and individual-differences research. Here we illustrate this approach with two-rectangle cueing in visual attention (Egly, Driver, & Rafal, 1994). We replicated previous experimental cue-validity effects relating to a Spatial shift of attention within an Object (Spatial effect), to attention switch between Objects (Object effect), and to the attraction of attention towards the display centroid (attraction effect), taking also into account the design-inherent imbalance of valid and other trials. We simultaneously estimated variance/covariance components of subject-related random effects for these Spatial, Object, and attraction effects in addition to their mean RTs. The Spatial effect showed a strong positive correlation with mean RT and a strong negative correlation with the attraction effect. The analysis of individual differences suggests that slow subjects engage attention more strongly at the cued location than fast subjects. We compare this joint LMM analysis of experimental effects and associated subject-related variances and correlations with two frequently used alternative statistical procedures. Corrections. Titus von der Malsburg pointed out two errors in the publication relating to AIC and BIC values reported on page 7: (1) The AIC-value for the model m2 was reported as 328540; the correct value is 325840. This was a transposition typo ("85" instead of "58"). (2) The BIC-value for model m1 (325941) is actually smaller than the BIC-value for model m2 (325964). Thus, for BIC, the fit of model m2 is not better than the one for model m1. 5 Jan 2011, R. Kliegl Update. KWDYZ.FQPM.v5.R is compatible with ggplot2 (0.9.0). 21 April 2012, R. Kliegl doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00238 Kliegl, R., Wei, P., Dambacher, M., Yan, M., & Zhou, X. (2010). Experimental effects and individual differences in Linear Mixed Models: Estimating the relationship between Spatial, Object, and attraction effects in visual attention. Frontiers in Quantitative Psychology and Measurement, 1.
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experimental effects and individual differences in linear mixed models estimating the relationship between Spatial Object and attraction effects in visual attention
Frontiers in Psychology, 2010Co-Authors: Reinhold Kliegl, Michael Dambacher, Xiaolin ZhouAbstract:Linear mixed models (LMMs) provide a still underused methodological perspective on combining experimental and individual-differences research. Here we illustrate this approach with two-rectangle cueing in visual attention (Egly, Driver, & Rafal, 1994). We replicated previous experimental cue-validity effects relating to a Spatial shift of attention within an Object (Spatial effect), to attention switch between Objects (Object effect), and to the attraction of attention towards the display centroid (attraction effect), taking also into account the design-inherent imbalance of valid and other trials. We simultaneously estimated variance/covariance components of subject-related random effects for these Spatial, Object, and attraction effects in addition to their mean RTs. The Spatial effect showed a strong positive correlation with mean RT and a strong negative correlation with the attraction effect. The analysis of individual differences suggests that slow subjects engage attention more strongly at the cued location than fast subjects. We compare this joint LMM analysis of experimental effects and associated subject-related variances and correlations with two alternative, frequently used, statistical procedures.
Chirag Upreti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Loss of retinoid X receptor gamma subunit impairs group 1 mGluR mediated electrophysiological responses and group 1 mGluR dependent behaviors
Scientific Reports, 2021Co-Authors: Chirag Upreti, Eric R Kandel, Caitlin M. Woodruff, Xiao-lei Zhang, Michael J. Yim, Zhen-yu Zhou, Andrew M. Pagano, Dina S. Rehanian, Deqi Yin, Patric K. StantonAbstract:Retinoid X receptors are members of the nuclear receptor family that regulate gene expression in response to retinoic acid and related ligands. Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors are G-protein coupled transmembrane receptors that activate intracellular signaling cascades in response to the neurotransmitter, glutamate. These two classes of molecules have been studied independently and found to play important roles in regulating neuronal physiology with potential clinical implications for disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. Here we show that mice lacking the retinoid X receptor subunit, RXRγ, exhibit impairments in group 1 mGluR-mediated electrophysiological responses at hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 pyramidal cell synapses, including impaired group 1 mGluR-dependent long-term synaptic depression (LTD), reduced group 1 mGluR-induced calcium release, and loss of group 1 mGluR-activated voltage-sensitive currents. These animals also exhibit impairments in a subset of group 1 mGluR-dependent behaviors, including motor performance, Spatial Object recognition, and prepulse inhibition. Together, these observations demonstrate convergence between the RXRγ and group 1 mGluR signaling pathways that may function to coordinate their regulation of neuronal activity. They also identify RXRγ as a potential target for the treatment of disorders in which group 1 mGluR signaling has been implicated.
Gregory Hickok - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Functionally Distinct Regions for Spatial Processing and Sensory Motor Integration in the Planum Temporale
2020Co-Authors: Lisette A Isenberg, Kenneth I Vaden, Kourosh Saberi, Tugan L Muftuler, Gregory HickokAbstract:Abstract: There has been much debate recently over the functional role played by the planum temporale (PT) within the context of the dorsal auditory processing stream. Some studies indicate that regions in the PT support Spatial hearing and other auditory functions, whereas others demonstrate sensory-motor response properties. This multifunctionality has led to the claim that the PT is performing a common computational pattern matching operation, then routing the signals (Spatial, Object, sensory-motor) into an appropriate processing stream. An alternative possibility is that the PT is functionally subdivided with separate regions supporting various functions. We assess this possibility using a within subject fMRI block design. DTI data were also collected to examine connectivity. There were four auditory conditions: stationary noise, moving noise, listening to pseudowords, and shadowing pseudowords (covert repetition). Contrasting the shadow and listen conditions should activate regions specific to sensory-motor processes, while contrasting the stationary and moving noise conditions should activate regions involved in Spatial hearing. Subjects (N ¼ 16) showed greater activation for shadowing in left posterior PT, area Spt, when the shadow and listen conditions were contrasted. The motion vs. stationary noise contrast revealed greater activation in a more medial and anterior portion of left PT. Seeds from these two contrasts were then used to guide the DTI analysis in an examination of connectivity via streamline tractography, which revealed different patterns of connectivity. Findings support a heterogeneous model of the PT, with functionally distinct regions for sensory-motor integration and processes involved in auditory Spatial perception
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functionally distinct regions for Spatial processing and sensory motor integration in the planum temporale
Human Brain Mapping, 2012Co-Authors: Lisette A Isenberg, Kenneth I Vaden, Kourosh Saberi, Tugan L Muftuler, Gregory HickokAbstract:There has been much debate recently over the functional role played by the planum temporale (PT) within the context of the dorsal auditory processing stream. Some studies indicate that regions in the PT support Spatial hearing and other auditory functions, whereas others demonstrate sensory-motor response properties. This multifunctionality has led to the claim that the PT is performing a common computational pattern matching operation, then routing the signals (Spatial, Object, sensory-motor) into an appropriate processing stream. An alternative possibility is that the PT is functionally subdivided with separate regions supporting various functions. We assess this possibility using a within subject fMRI block design. DTI data were also collected to examine connectivity. There were four auditory conditions: stationary noise, moving noise, listening to pseudowords, and shadowing pseudowords (covert repeti- tion). Contrasting the shadow and listen conditions should activate regions specific to sensory-motor proc- esses, while contrasting the stationary and moving noise conditions should activate regions involved in Spatial hearing. Subjects (N ¼ 16) showed greater activation for shadowing in left posterior PT, area Spt, when the shadow and listen conditions were contrasted. The motion vs. stationary noise contrast revealed greater activation in a more medial and anterior portion of left PT. Seeds from these two contrasts were then used to guide the DTI analysis in an examination of connectivity via streamline tractography, which revealed different patterns of connectivity. Findings support a heterogeneous model of the PT, with func- tionally distinct regions for sensory-motor integration and processes involved in auditory Spatial percep- tion. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2453-2463, 2012. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
