The Experts below are selected from a list of 98469 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
James E M Watson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
changes in human footprint drive changes in Species Extinction risk
Nature Communications, 2018Co-Authors: Hugh P. Possingham, Moreno Di Marco, Oscar Venter, James E M WatsonAbstract:Predicting how Species respond to human pressure is essential to anticipate their decline and identify appropriate conservation strategies. Both human pressure and Extinction risk change over time, but their inter-relationship is rarely considered in Extinction risk modelling. Here we measure the relationship between the change in terrestrial human footprint (HFP)-representing cumulative human pressure on the environment-and the change in Extinction risk of the world's terrestrial mammals. We find the values of HFP across space, and its change over time, are significantly correlated to trends in Species Extinction risk, with higher predictive importance than environmental or life-history variables. The anthropogenic conversion of areas with low pressure values (HFP < 3 out of 50) is the most significant predictor of change in Extinction risk, but there are biogeographical variations. Our framework, calibrated on past Extinction risk trends, can be used to predict the impact of increasing human pressure on biodiversity.
Marlia Mohd Hanafiah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
characterization factors for water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions based on freshwater fish Species Extinction
Environmental Science & Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Marlia Mohd Hanafiah, Stephan Pfister, Marguerite A. Xenopoulos, Rob S. E. W. LeuvenAbstract:Human-induced changes in water consumption and global warming are likely to reduce the Species richness of freshwater ecosystems. So far, these impacts have not been addressed in the context of life cycle assessment (LCA). Here, we derived characterization factors for water consumption and global warming based on freshwater fish Species loss. Calculation of characterization factors for potential freshwater fish losses from water consumption were estimated using a generic Species–river discharge curve for 214 global river basins. We also derived characterization factors for potential freshwater fish Species losses per unit of greenhouse gas emission. Based on five global climate scenarios, characterization factors for 63 greenhouse gas emissions were calculated. Depending on the river considered, characterization factors for water consumption can differ up to 3 orders of magnitude. Characterization factors for greenhouse gas emissions can vary up to 5 orders of magnitude, depending on the atmospheric resid...
-
characterization factors for water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions based on freshwater fish Species Extinction
Environmental Science & Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Marlia Mohd Hanafiah, Rob S. E. W. Leuven, Stephan Pfister, Marguerite A. Xenopoulos, Mark A J HuijbregtsAbstract:Human-induced changes in water consumption and global warming are likely to reduce the Species richness of freshwater ecosystems. So far, these impacts have not been addressed in the context of life cycle assessment (LCA). Here, we derived characterization factors for water consumption and global warming based on freshwater fish Species loss. Calculation of characterization factors for potential freshwater fish losses from water consumption were estimated using a generic Species-river discharge curve for 214 global river basins. We also derived characterization factors for potential freshwater fish Species losses per unit of greenhouse gas emission. Based on five global climate scenarios, characterization factors for 63 greenhouse gas emissions were calculated. Depending on the river considered, characterization factors for water consumption can differ up to 3 orders of magnitude. Characterization factors for greenhouse gas emissions can vary up to 5 orders of magnitude, depending on the atmospheric residence time and radiative forcing efficiency of greenhouse gas emissions. An emission of 1 ton of CO₂ is expected to cause the same impact on potential fish Species disappearance as the water consumption of 10-1000 m³, depending on the river basin considered. Our results make it possible to compare the impact of water consumption with greenhouse gas emissions.
Walter Jetz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
unravelling the structure of Species Extinction risk for predictive conservation science
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2011Co-Authors: Tien Ming Lee, Walter JetzAbstract:Extinction risk varies across Species and space owing to the combined and interactive effects of ecology/life history and geography. For predictive conservation science to be effective, large datasets and integrative models that quantify the relative importance of potential factors and separate rapidly changing from relatively static threat drivers are urgently required. Here, we integrate and map in space the relative and joint effects of key correlates of The International Union for Conservation of Nature-assessed Extinction risk for 8700 living birds. Extinction risk varies significantly with Species9 broad-scale environmental niche, geographical range size, and life-history and ecological traits such as body size, developmental mode, primary diet and foraging height. Even at this broad scale, simple quantifications of past human encroachment across Species9 ranges emerge as key in predicting Extinction risk, supporting the use of land-cover change projections for estimating future threat in an integrative setting. A final joint model explains much of the interspecific variation in Extinction risk and provides a remarkably strong prediction of its observed global geography. Our approach unravels the Species-level structure underlying geographical gradients in Extinction risk and offers a means of disentangling static from changing components of current and future threat. This reconciliation of intrinsic and extrinsic, and of past and future Extinction risk factors may offer a critical step towards a more continuous, forward-looking assessment of Species9 threat status based on geographically explicit environmental change projections, potentially advancing global predictive conservation science.
Regan Early - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
niche syndromes Species Extinction risks and management under climate change
Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 2013Co-Authors: Regan Early, Jesse BellemareAbstract:The current distributions of Species are often assumed to correspond with the total set of environmental conditions under which Species can persist. When this assumption is incorrect, Extinction risk estimated from Species distribution models can be misleading. The degree to which Species can tolerate or even thrive under conditions found beyond their current distributions alters Extinction risks, time lags in realizing those risks, and the usefulness of alternative management strategies. To inform these issues, we propose a conceptual framework within which empirical data could be used to generate hypotheses regarding the realized, fundamental, and ‘tolerance’ niche of Species. Although these niche components have rarely been characterized over geographic scales, we suggest that this could be done for many plant Species by comparing native, naturalized, and horticultural distributions.
Rob S. E. W. Leuven - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
characterization factors for water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions based on freshwater fish Species Extinction
Environmental Science & Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Marlia Mohd Hanafiah, Stephan Pfister, Marguerite A. Xenopoulos, Rob S. E. W. LeuvenAbstract:Human-induced changes in water consumption and global warming are likely to reduce the Species richness of freshwater ecosystems. So far, these impacts have not been addressed in the context of life cycle assessment (LCA). Here, we derived characterization factors for water consumption and global warming based on freshwater fish Species loss. Calculation of characterization factors for potential freshwater fish losses from water consumption were estimated using a generic Species–river discharge curve for 214 global river basins. We also derived characterization factors for potential freshwater fish Species losses per unit of greenhouse gas emission. Based on five global climate scenarios, characterization factors for 63 greenhouse gas emissions were calculated. Depending on the river considered, characterization factors for water consumption can differ up to 3 orders of magnitude. Characterization factors for greenhouse gas emissions can vary up to 5 orders of magnitude, depending on the atmospheric resid...
-
characterization factors for water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions based on freshwater fish Species Extinction
Environmental Science & Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Marlia Mohd Hanafiah, Rob S. E. W. Leuven, Stephan Pfister, Marguerite A. Xenopoulos, Mark A J HuijbregtsAbstract:Human-induced changes in water consumption and global warming are likely to reduce the Species richness of freshwater ecosystems. So far, these impacts have not been addressed in the context of life cycle assessment (LCA). Here, we derived characterization factors for water consumption and global warming based on freshwater fish Species loss. Calculation of characterization factors for potential freshwater fish losses from water consumption were estimated using a generic Species-river discharge curve for 214 global river basins. We also derived characterization factors for potential freshwater fish Species losses per unit of greenhouse gas emission. Based on five global climate scenarios, characterization factors for 63 greenhouse gas emissions were calculated. Depending on the river considered, characterization factors for water consumption can differ up to 3 orders of magnitude. Characterization factors for greenhouse gas emissions can vary up to 5 orders of magnitude, depending on the atmospheric residence time and radiative forcing efficiency of greenhouse gas emissions. An emission of 1 ton of CO₂ is expected to cause the same impact on potential fish Species disappearance as the water consumption of 10-1000 m³, depending on the river basin considered. Our results make it possible to compare the impact of water consumption with greenhouse gas emissions.
