The Experts below are selected from a list of 133143 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
April M. H. Blakeslee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Host-switching among crabs: Species Introduction results in a new target host for native parasites
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2020Co-Authors: April M. H. Blakeslee, R. B. Barnard, Kyle Matheson, Cynthia H. MckenzieAbstract:Invasive Species can introduce parasites to, and/or acquire new parasites from, novel regions, thereby greatly influencing community interactions, including symbiotic relationships involving parasites. Host-switching of native and non-native parasites could enhance or dilute parasite transmission and spread among hosts. We investigated the effect of host invasion on trematode parasitism in 2 Newfoundland (Canada) bays: one invaded by European green crabs Carcinus maenas and the other not yet invaded. To determine the influence of C. maenas on host-parasite relationships, we assessed trematode prevalence in 3 native hosts: 2 Littorina spp. snails and Atlantic rock crabs Cancer irroratus (first- and second-intermediate hosts for microphallid trematodes, respectively). We found no difference in trematode prevalence between the bays among the 4 host Species. However, cyst abundance was significantly higher in C. maenas versus C. irroratus in the bay where the crab distributions overlap, while it was lower in C. irroratus in the invaded versus uninvaded bay, suggesting a dilution of infection in the native host. Sequencing data of microphallid trematodes detected 4 genetically divergent lineages: a cosmopolitan lineage found in all host Species; 2 lineages dominant in C. irroratus, suggesting a native origin for the trematodes that now use C. maenas as an additional host; and 1 lineage represented just in C. maenas in Europe. This is the first study to demonstrate the magnitude of trematode infection in crab hosts in Newfoundland, including the commercially valuable native C. irroratus. Our results demonstrate the influence that Species Introductions can have on parasite life cycles in native systems under recent host invasion.
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Premature refutation of a human-mediated marine Species Introduction: the case history of the marine snail Littorina littorea in the Northwestern Atlantic
Biological Invasions, 2007Co-Authors: John W Chapman, James T Carlton, M. Renee Bellinger, April M. H. BlakesleeAbstract:The closely documented spread of the European periwinkle snail, Littorina littorea from Pictou, Nova Scotia in 1840 to New Jersey by 1870, its near absence in pre-European fossil deposits, and its close association with human mechanisms of transport from Europe, are among the clearest evidence of a human-mediated marine Introduction ever reported. Genetic data were recently proposed as evidence that North American L. littorea predate European contact and thus, are not introduced. Review of these genetic data and all other data reveals that the simplest explanation of the modern occurrence of this snail in North America is by human Introduction.
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premature refutation of a human mediated marine Species Introduction the case history of the marine snail littorina littorea in the northwestern atlantic
Biological Invasions, 2007Co-Authors: John W Chapman, James T Carlton, Renee M Bellinger, April M. H. BlakesleeAbstract:The European periwinkle snail, Littorina littorea was discovered in Pictou, NS, Canada in 1840. This snail’s subsequent rapid, conspicuous spread south from Pictou along the Canadian maritime coast and then along the New England and mid-Atlantic coast to New Jersey, its virtual absence in pre-European contact deposits, and its close association with human mechanisms of transport from Europe are among the clearest evidence for a human-mediated Introduction. However, molecular genetic data have been proposed as evidence that L. littorea’s occurrence in North America was not the result of a human Introduction by Wares et al. (Ecol Lett 5:577–584, 2002). Reexamination of these genetic data and reexamination of all other data available reveal that a human-mediated Introduction of L. littorea is the simplest explanation of its occurrence in North America. The refutation of the human-mediated Introduction of L. littorea was premature.
John W Chapman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Premature refutation of a human-mediated marine Species Introduction: the case history of the marine snail Littorina littorea in the Northwestern Atlantic
Biological Invasions, 2007Co-Authors: John W Chapman, James T Carlton, M. Renee Bellinger, April M. H. BlakesleeAbstract:The closely documented spread of the European periwinkle snail, Littorina littorea from Pictou, Nova Scotia in 1840 to New Jersey by 1870, its near absence in pre-European fossil deposits, and its close association with human mechanisms of transport from Europe, are among the clearest evidence of a human-mediated marine Introduction ever reported. Genetic data were recently proposed as evidence that North American L. littorea predate European contact and thus, are not introduced. Review of these genetic data and all other data reveals that the simplest explanation of the modern occurrence of this snail in North America is by human Introduction.
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premature refutation of a human mediated marine Species Introduction the case history of the marine snail littorina littorea in the northwestern atlantic
Biological Invasions, 2007Co-Authors: John W Chapman, James T Carlton, Renee M Bellinger, April M. H. BlakesleeAbstract:The European periwinkle snail, Littorina littorea was discovered in Pictou, NS, Canada in 1840. This snail’s subsequent rapid, conspicuous spread south from Pictou along the Canadian maritime coast and then along the New England and mid-Atlantic coast to New Jersey, its virtual absence in pre-European contact deposits, and its close association with human mechanisms of transport from Europe are among the clearest evidence for a human-mediated Introduction. However, molecular genetic data have been proposed as evidence that L. littorea’s occurrence in North America was not the result of a human Introduction by Wares et al. (Ecol Lett 5:577–584, 2002). Reexamination of these genetic data and reexamination of all other data available reveal that a human-mediated Introduction of L. littorea is the simplest explanation of its occurrence in North America. The refutation of the human-mediated Introduction of L. littorea was premature.
James T Carlton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mediators of invasions in the sea: life history strategies and dispersal vectors facilitating global sea anemone Introductions
Biological Invasions, 2020Co-Authors: Heather Glon, James T Carlton, Marymegan Daly, Megan M. Flenniken, Zara CurrimjeeAbstract:Widespread non-native Species tend to demonstrate an apparent lack of selectivity in habitat requirements, feeding regimes, and reproductive needs, while displaying a tendency to thrive in human-modified habitats. The high phenotypic plasticity typical of sessile, substrate-attached marine Species may enhance their chances of survival and spread in a new region. Anthropogenic activities have changed marine habitats over a wide range of phenomena, including water temperature, community Species composition, and the types of available substrates, creating new physical and biotic regimes that may contribute to the potential for successful Species Introduction. Here we examine ten Species of sea anemones that have been introduced outside of their native range, and elucidate specific characteristics that are common among globally introduced sea anemones. Various life history strategies enable these Species to survive and flourish through transport, Introduction, establishment and spread, leading to the successful colonization of a new geographic area. Considering life history strategies and weighing of vector potential, we suggest conditions that facilitate Introduction of these Species, and identify Species of sea anemones that may be introduced in the future in the face of changing climate and increased anthropogenic activities.
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Premature refutation of a human-mediated marine Species Introduction: the case history of the marine snail Littorina littorea in the Northwestern Atlantic
Biological Invasions, 2007Co-Authors: John W Chapman, James T Carlton, M. Renee Bellinger, April M. H. BlakesleeAbstract:The closely documented spread of the European periwinkle snail, Littorina littorea from Pictou, Nova Scotia in 1840 to New Jersey by 1870, its near absence in pre-European fossil deposits, and its close association with human mechanisms of transport from Europe, are among the clearest evidence of a human-mediated marine Introduction ever reported. Genetic data were recently proposed as evidence that North American L. littorea predate European contact and thus, are not introduced. Review of these genetic data and all other data reveals that the simplest explanation of the modern occurrence of this snail in North America is by human Introduction.
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premature refutation of a human mediated marine Species Introduction the case history of the marine snail littorina littorea in the northwestern atlantic
Biological Invasions, 2007Co-Authors: John W Chapman, James T Carlton, Renee M Bellinger, April M. H. BlakesleeAbstract:The European periwinkle snail, Littorina littorea was discovered in Pictou, NS, Canada in 1840. This snail’s subsequent rapid, conspicuous spread south from Pictou along the Canadian maritime coast and then along the New England and mid-Atlantic coast to New Jersey, its virtual absence in pre-European contact deposits, and its close association with human mechanisms of transport from Europe are among the clearest evidence for a human-mediated Introduction. However, molecular genetic data have been proposed as evidence that L. littorea’s occurrence in North America was not the result of a human Introduction by Wares et al. (Ecol Lett 5:577–584, 2002). Reexamination of these genetic data and reexamination of all other data available reveal that a human-mediated Introduction of L. littorea is the simplest explanation of its occurrence in North America. The refutation of the human-mediated Introduction of L. littorea was premature.
Sandro Bertolino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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animal trade and non indigenous Species Introduction the world wide spread of squirrels
Diversity and Distributions, 2009Co-Authors: Sandro BertolinoAbstract:Aim In this study, a dataset on world-wide squirrel Introductions has been used to locate the relative pathways and to determine the factors correlated with Species establishment. Location The world. Methods The analysis includes a chronological table of Introductions, a biogeographical analysis and an assessment of the likelihood of establishment according to Species, propagule pressure, area of origin and characteristics of the recipient area. Results The main vector of such Introductions was the intentional importation of live animals. Introductions increased in developed countries and proportionately to the volume of imported mammals. Moreover, areas characterized by higher numbers of native squirrels were more invaded. Squirrels were often introduced deliberately and only to a smaller extent escaped from captivity. The likelihood of their establishment increased proportionately to the number of animals released and decreased proportionately to the increase of the latitudinal distance between the recipient area and the native range of the Species. The likelihood that the release of one pair of either Sciurus or Callosciurus Species would establish a new population was higher than 50%. Main conclusion Squirrels proved to be successful invaders and their importation should be restricted so as to prevent further Introductions.
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Animal trade and non‐indigenous Species Introduction: the world‐wide spread of squirrels
Diversity and Distributions, 2009Co-Authors: Sandro BertolinoAbstract:Aim In this study, a dataset on world-wide squirrel Introductions has been used to locate the relative pathways and to determine the factors correlated with Species establishment. Location The world. Methods The analysis includes a chronological table of Introductions, a biogeographical analysis and an assessment of the likelihood of establishment according to Species, propagule pressure, area of origin and characteristics of the recipient area. Results The main vector of such Introductions was the intentional importation of live animals. Introductions increased in developed countries and proportionately to the volume of imported mammals. Moreover, areas characterized by higher numbers of native squirrels were more invaded. Squirrels were often introduced deliberately and only to a smaller extent escaped from captivity. The likelihood of their establishment increased proportionately to the number of animals released and decreased proportionately to the increase of the latitudinal distance between the recipient area and the native range of the Species. The likelihood that the release of one pair of either Sciurus or Callosciurus Species would establish a new population was higher than 50%. Main conclusion Squirrels proved to be successful invaders and their importation should be restricted so as to prevent further Introductions.
Renee M Bellinger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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premature refutation of a human mediated marine Species Introduction the case history of the marine snail littorina littorea in the northwestern atlantic
Biological Invasions, 2007Co-Authors: John W Chapman, James T Carlton, Renee M Bellinger, April M. H. BlakesleeAbstract:The European periwinkle snail, Littorina littorea was discovered in Pictou, NS, Canada in 1840. This snail’s subsequent rapid, conspicuous spread south from Pictou along the Canadian maritime coast and then along the New England and mid-Atlantic coast to New Jersey, its virtual absence in pre-European contact deposits, and its close association with human mechanisms of transport from Europe are among the clearest evidence for a human-mediated Introduction. However, molecular genetic data have been proposed as evidence that L. littorea’s occurrence in North America was not the result of a human Introduction by Wares et al. (Ecol Lett 5:577–584, 2002). Reexamination of these genetic data and reexamination of all other data available reveal that a human-mediated Introduction of L. littorea is the simplest explanation of its occurrence in North America. The refutation of the human-mediated Introduction of L. littorea was premature.
