The Experts below are selected from a list of 107532 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Christian Langpap - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Endangered Species conservation on private land: assessing the effectiveness of habitat conservation plans.
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2012Co-Authors: Christian Langpap, Joe KerkvlietAbstract:Habitat conservation plans (HCPs) have become a key instrument for implementation of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) on private land. However, there is no systematic analysis of their effectiveness in promoting endangered Species Recovery. This paper is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of HCPs on Species Recovery status. We find evidence that HCPs have a significant positive impact on Species Recovery. Our results also suggest that the Recovery benefits are larger when Species have relatively larger plans. However, we fail to find strong evidence that multi-Species plans covering more Species are more effective than plans which include fewer Species.
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Learning from endangered and threatened Species Recovery programs: A case study using U.S. Endangered Species Act Recovery scores
Ecological Economics, 2007Co-Authors: Joe Kerkvliet, Christian LangpapAbstract:Abstract Threatened and endangered Species Recovery programs consume increasing resources. Even so, there is increased concern about actual and projected biodiversity losses and in the success of Recovery programs in reversing these trends. In this paper, we use a panel data set and ordered probit econometric methods to statistically examine the determinants of the 1990–2002 biennial U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) Recovery scores for up to 225 vertebrate Species listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act. We find that Species-specific spending is a significant determinant of Species' Recovery scores and that increased spending reduces the probability that FWS will classify a Species as extinct or declining. The evidence does not support the hypothesis that increased spending increases the probability that a Species is stable or improving. Other FWS' actions have significant and substantive influences on improved Recovery scores. These include progress on or completion of a Recovery plan and achievement of stated Recovery objectives. We find evidence that Species achieve better Recovery scores if FWS considers them to have high Recovery potential and that Species whose Recovery is judged by FWS to be in conflict with economic activity are more likely to be classified as extinct. Our evidence does not support the conclusion that critical habitat designation promotes Species' recoveries or prevents Species' declines. We also report a new finding that Recovery success varies across FWS administrative regions.
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Learning from Endangered Species Recovery Programs: A Case Study Using U.S. Endangered Species Act Recovery Scores
2006Co-Authors: Joe Kerkvliet, Christian LangpapAbstract:Threatened and endangered Species Recovery programs consume increasing resources. Even so, there is increased concern about actual and projected biodiversity losses and in the success of Recovery programs in reversing these trends. In this paper, we use a panel data set and ordered probit econometric methods to statistically examine the determinants of the 1990-2002 biennial U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) Recovery scores for up to 225 vertebrate Species listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act. We find that Species-specific spending is a significant determinant of Species' Recovery scores and that increased spending reduces the probability that FWS will classify a Species as extinct or declining. The evidence does not support the hypothesis that increased spending increases the probability that a Species is stable or improving. Other FWS' actions have significant and substantive influences on improved Recovery scores. These include progress on or completion of a Recovery plan and achievement of stated Recovery objectives. We find evidence that Species achieve better Recovery scores if FWS considers them to have high Recovery potential and that Species whose Recovery is judged by FWS to be in conflict with economic activity are more likely to be classified as extinct. Our evidence does not support the conclusion that critical habitat designation promotes Species' recoveries or prevents Species' declines. We also report a new finding that Recovery success varies across FWS administrative regions.
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Success or Failure: Measuring the Effectiveness of the Endangered Species Act
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2003Co-Authors: Joe Kerkvliet, Christian LangpapAbstract:The heated and continuing controversy surrounding the Endangered Species Act (ESA) stems in part from doubts about its effectiveness in generating Species Recovery. In this paper, we develop three ordered scores of changes in Species' Recovery status based on changes in Nature Conservancy Recovery rankings of U.S. vertebrates. We use these scores to estimate ordered probit models measuring the effects on Species Recovery of an ESA listing and several subsequent management actions. We find evidence of positive effects for Species-specific spending and achievement of Recovery goals. Listing alone has a negative correlation with Species Recovery, while Recovery plan completion and designation of critical habit are not correlated, or negatively correlated, with Recovery.
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SUCCESS OR FAILURE? ORDERED PROBIT APPROACHES TO MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ENDANGERED Species ACT
2002Co-Authors: Christian Langpap, Joe KerkvlietAbstract:The Endangered Species Act (ESA) is one of the most controversial pieces of environmental legislation. Part of the controversy stems from doubts about its effectiveness in generating improvements in Species viability. This paper uses ordered probit models to test whether the ESA has been successful in promoting Species Recovery. We find a negative correlation between listing and Species Recovery. Additionally, we find evidence of positive effects for Species-specific spending and the achievement of Recovery goals. The evidence also shows that Recovery plan completion and the designation of critical habit are not correlated or negatively correlated with Recovery.
Joe Kerkvliet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Endangered Species conservation on private land: assessing the effectiveness of habitat conservation plans.
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2012Co-Authors: Christian Langpap, Joe KerkvlietAbstract:Habitat conservation plans (HCPs) have become a key instrument for implementation of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) on private land. However, there is no systematic analysis of their effectiveness in promoting endangered Species Recovery. This paper is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of HCPs on Species Recovery status. We find evidence that HCPs have a significant positive impact on Species Recovery. Our results also suggest that the Recovery benefits are larger when Species have relatively larger plans. However, we fail to find strong evidence that multi-Species plans covering more Species are more effective than plans which include fewer Species.
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Learning from endangered and threatened Species Recovery programs: A case study using U.S. Endangered Species Act Recovery scores
Ecological Economics, 2007Co-Authors: Joe Kerkvliet, Christian LangpapAbstract:Abstract Threatened and endangered Species Recovery programs consume increasing resources. Even so, there is increased concern about actual and projected biodiversity losses and in the success of Recovery programs in reversing these trends. In this paper, we use a panel data set and ordered probit econometric methods to statistically examine the determinants of the 1990–2002 biennial U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) Recovery scores for up to 225 vertebrate Species listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act. We find that Species-specific spending is a significant determinant of Species' Recovery scores and that increased spending reduces the probability that FWS will classify a Species as extinct or declining. The evidence does not support the hypothesis that increased spending increases the probability that a Species is stable or improving. Other FWS' actions have significant and substantive influences on improved Recovery scores. These include progress on or completion of a Recovery plan and achievement of stated Recovery objectives. We find evidence that Species achieve better Recovery scores if FWS considers them to have high Recovery potential and that Species whose Recovery is judged by FWS to be in conflict with economic activity are more likely to be classified as extinct. Our evidence does not support the conclusion that critical habitat designation promotes Species' recoveries or prevents Species' declines. We also report a new finding that Recovery success varies across FWS administrative regions.
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Learning from Endangered Species Recovery Programs: A Case Study Using U.S. Endangered Species Act Recovery Scores
2006Co-Authors: Joe Kerkvliet, Christian LangpapAbstract:Threatened and endangered Species Recovery programs consume increasing resources. Even so, there is increased concern about actual and projected biodiversity losses and in the success of Recovery programs in reversing these trends. In this paper, we use a panel data set and ordered probit econometric methods to statistically examine the determinants of the 1990-2002 biennial U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) Recovery scores for up to 225 vertebrate Species listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act. We find that Species-specific spending is a significant determinant of Species' Recovery scores and that increased spending reduces the probability that FWS will classify a Species as extinct or declining. The evidence does not support the hypothesis that increased spending increases the probability that a Species is stable or improving. Other FWS' actions have significant and substantive influences on improved Recovery scores. These include progress on or completion of a Recovery plan and achievement of stated Recovery objectives. We find evidence that Species achieve better Recovery scores if FWS considers them to have high Recovery potential and that Species whose Recovery is judged by FWS to be in conflict with economic activity are more likely to be classified as extinct. Our evidence does not support the conclusion that critical habitat designation promotes Species' recoveries or prevents Species' declines. We also report a new finding that Recovery success varies across FWS administrative regions.
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Success or Failure: Measuring the Effectiveness of the Endangered Species Act
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2003Co-Authors: Joe Kerkvliet, Christian LangpapAbstract:The heated and continuing controversy surrounding the Endangered Species Act (ESA) stems in part from doubts about its effectiveness in generating Species Recovery. In this paper, we develop three ordered scores of changes in Species' Recovery status based on changes in Nature Conservancy Recovery rankings of U.S. vertebrates. We use these scores to estimate ordered probit models measuring the effects on Species Recovery of an ESA listing and several subsequent management actions. We find evidence of positive effects for Species-specific spending and achievement of Recovery goals. Listing alone has a negative correlation with Species Recovery, while Recovery plan completion and designation of critical habit are not correlated, or negatively correlated, with Recovery.
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SUCCESS OR FAILURE? ORDERED PROBIT APPROACHES TO MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ENDANGERED Species ACT
2002Co-Authors: Christian Langpap, Joe KerkvlietAbstract:The Endangered Species Act (ESA) is one of the most controversial pieces of environmental legislation. Part of the controversy stems from doubts about its effectiveness in generating improvements in Species viability. This paper uses ordered probit models to test whether the ESA has been successful in promoting Species Recovery. We find a negative correlation between listing and Species Recovery. Additionally, we find evidence of positive effects for Species-specific spending and the achievement of Recovery goals. The evidence also shows that Recovery plan completion and the designation of critical habit are not correlated or negatively correlated with Recovery.
John R. Stinchcombe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS IN ENDANGERED Species Recovery PLANS: PAST USE AND FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS
Ecological Applications, 2002Co-Authors: William F. Morris, Philip L. Bloch, Leonie C. Moyle, Brian R Hudgens, John R. StinchcombeAbstract:Using the results of a survey of Recovery plans for threatened and endangered Species, we evaluated the role that Population Viability Analysis (PVA) has played in Recovery planning and management of rare Species in the United States. Although there was a significant increase over time in the percentage of plans presenting information on PVA and assigning Recovery tasks to collect more such information, the use of PVA was still called for in less than half of the plans approved since 1991. Because scarcity of data for rare Species may be limiting the application of PVA to endangered Species, we also assessed how often Recovery plans proposed to collect the full complement of data required to perform four general types of PVA. For most of the Species in the database, proposed monitoring data would allow the simplest type of PVA method (i.e., analysis of total population counts) to be applied, but more complex PVAs would be possible for
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population viability analysis in endangered Species Recovery plans past use and future improvements
Ecological Applications, 2002Co-Authors: William F. Morris, Philip L. Bloch, Leonie C. Moyle, Brian R Hudgens, John R. StinchcombeAbstract:Using the results of a survey of Recovery plans for threatened and endangered Species, we evaluated the role that Population Viability Analysis (PVA) has played in Recovery planning and management of rare Species in the United States. Although there was a significant increase over time in the percentage of plans presenting information on PVA and assigning Recovery tasks to collect more such information, the use of PVA was still called for in less than half of the plans approved since 1991. Because scarcity of data for rare Species may be limiting the application of PVA to endangered Species, we also assessed how often Recovery plans proposed to collect the full complement of data required to perform four general types of PVA. For most of the Species in the database, proposed monitoring data would allow the simplest type of PVA method (i.e., analysis of total population counts) to be applied, but more complex PVAs would be possible for <25% of the Species. We conclude with brief recommendations for how the use of PVA in endangered Species Recovery planning might be improved in the future.
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The Influence of the Academic Conservation Biology Literature on Endangered Species Recovery Planning
Conservation Ecology, 2002Co-Authors: John R. Stinchcombe, Philip L. Bloch, Leonie C. Moyle, Brian R Hudgens, Sathya K. Chinnadurai, William F. MorrisAbstract:Despite the volume of the academic conservation biology literature, there is little evidence as to what effect this work is having on endangered Species Recovery efforts. Using data collected from a national review of 136 endangered and threatened Species Recovery plans, we evaluated whether Recovery plans were changing in response to publication trends in four areas of the academic conservation biology literature: metapopulation dynamics, population viability analysis, conservation corridors, and conservation genetics. We detected several changes in Recovery plans in apparent response to publication trends in these areas (e.g., the number of tasks designed to promote the Recovery of an endangered Species shifted, although these tasks were rarely assigned a high priority). Our results indicate that, although the content of endangered Species Recovery plans changes in response to the literature, results are not uniform across all topics. We suggest that academic conservation biologists need to address the relative importance of each topic for conservation practice in different
William F. Morris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS IN ENDANGERED Species Recovery PLANS: PAST USE AND FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS
Ecological Applications, 2002Co-Authors: William F. Morris, Philip L. Bloch, Leonie C. Moyle, Brian R Hudgens, John R. StinchcombeAbstract:Using the results of a survey of Recovery plans for threatened and endangered Species, we evaluated the role that Population Viability Analysis (PVA) has played in Recovery planning and management of rare Species in the United States. Although there was a significant increase over time in the percentage of plans presenting information on PVA and assigning Recovery tasks to collect more such information, the use of PVA was still called for in less than half of the plans approved since 1991. Because scarcity of data for rare Species may be limiting the application of PVA to endangered Species, we also assessed how often Recovery plans proposed to collect the full complement of data required to perform four general types of PVA. For most of the Species in the database, proposed monitoring data would allow the simplest type of PVA method (i.e., analysis of total population counts) to be applied, but more complex PVAs would be possible for
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population viability analysis in endangered Species Recovery plans past use and future improvements
Ecological Applications, 2002Co-Authors: William F. Morris, Philip L. Bloch, Leonie C. Moyle, Brian R Hudgens, John R. StinchcombeAbstract:Using the results of a survey of Recovery plans for threatened and endangered Species, we evaluated the role that Population Viability Analysis (PVA) has played in Recovery planning and management of rare Species in the United States. Although there was a significant increase over time in the percentage of plans presenting information on PVA and assigning Recovery tasks to collect more such information, the use of PVA was still called for in less than half of the plans approved since 1991. Because scarcity of data for rare Species may be limiting the application of PVA to endangered Species, we also assessed how often Recovery plans proposed to collect the full complement of data required to perform four general types of PVA. For most of the Species in the database, proposed monitoring data would allow the simplest type of PVA method (i.e., analysis of total population counts) to be applied, but more complex PVAs would be possible for <25% of the Species. We conclude with brief recommendations for how the use of PVA in endangered Species Recovery planning might be improved in the future.
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The Influence of the Academic Conservation Biology Literature on Endangered Species Recovery Planning
Conservation Ecology, 2002Co-Authors: John R. Stinchcombe, Philip L. Bloch, Leonie C. Moyle, Brian R Hudgens, Sathya K. Chinnadurai, William F. MorrisAbstract:Despite the volume of the academic conservation biology literature, there is little evidence as to what effect this work is having on endangered Species Recovery efforts. Using data collected from a national review of 136 endangered and threatened Species Recovery plans, we evaluated whether Recovery plans were changing in response to publication trends in four areas of the academic conservation biology literature: metapopulation dynamics, population viability analysis, conservation corridors, and conservation genetics. We detected several changes in Recovery plans in apparent response to publication trends in these areas (e.g., the number of tasks designed to promote the Recovery of an endangered Species shifted, although these tasks were rarely assigned a high priority). Our results indicate that, although the content of endangered Species Recovery plans changes in response to the literature, results are not uniform across all topics. We suggest that academic conservation biologists need to address the relative importance of each topic for conservation practice in different
Steven R. Beissinger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetic factors in threatened Species Recovery plans on three continents
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2016Co-Authors: Jennifer C. Pierson, David J. Coates, J. Gerard B. Oostermeijer, Steven R. Beissinger, Jason G. Bragg, Paul Sunnucks, Nathan H. Schumaker, Andrew G. YoungAbstract:Around the world, Recovery planning for threatened Species is being applied in an attempt to stem the current extinction crisis. Genetic factors linked to small population processes (eg inbreeding, loss of genetic diversity) play a key role in Species viability. We examined how often genetic factors are considered in threatened Species Recovery planning. We selected recent Species Recovery plans from Europe (n = 110), North America (the US only; n = 100), and Australia (n = 108), and reviewed three broad categories of genetic data they address: population-genetic, fitness-related, and life-history data. We found that the host country, taxonomic group to which the Species belonged, and several proposed management actions were important predictors of the inclusion of genetic factors. Notably, Species Recovery plans from the US were more likely to include genetic issues, probably due to legislative requirements. We recommend an international standard, similar to an IUCN Red List framework, that requires explicit consideration of genetic aspects of long-term viability.
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Endangered Species Recovery Criteria: Reconciling Conflicting Views
BioScience, 2015Co-Authors: Steven R. BeissingerAbstract:Recovery criteria (RC) serve the important purpose of determining when an endangered Species can be delisted, or removed from protection under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Although delisting is the ultimate goal for recovering all threatened Species, it has been a controversial process, because delisted Species may lose some protection provided by the ESA, making them susceptible to the same causes of decline that resulted in their initial listing. RC are designated by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in the Recovery plan of an endangered Species, and the ESA mandates that RC should be based on “objective, measurable criteria.” How to designate RC has been a thorny problem since the ESA was enacted in 1972. In this issue of BioScience, we find conflicting views of how RC should be determined offered by Doak and colleagues and by Wolf and colleagues. The authors of both articles champion the application of quantitative RC in place of the heterogeneous approach currently used. But here the similarities end. Doak and colleagues argue that RC should be based on “demographic criteria,” emphasizing estimates of the risk of extinction from a population viability analysis (PVA) that projects population size for decades to 100 years (or more) into the future. Under this approach, Recovery plans would be required to include RC tied to the probability of meeting specific extinction risk or demographic thresholds from models. In contrast, Wolf and colleagues espouse a less data-intensive and broader set of methods, based on the ecological principles of representation, resiliency, and redundancy (the “3Rs”). The 3Rs would be evaluated quantitatively or qualitatively using multiple approaches for setting Recovery targets, such as the percentage of historic range, population size, the number and spatial distribution of populations, and the risk of extinction from a PVA when adequate data are available. Both articles provide important insights into the shortcomings of past efforts to delineate RC and discussion of the concepts for delineating RC. But both run head on into the same knotty problems of developing quantitative criteria for RC that relate to population viability and the absence of risk standards.
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Limitations of Captive Breeding in Endangered Species Recovery
Conservation Biology, 1996Co-Authors: Noel F. R. Snyder, Steven R. Beissinger, Scott R. Derrickson, James W. Wiley, Thomas B. Smith, William D. Toone, Brian W. MillerAbstract:The use of captive breeding in Species Recovery has grown enormously in recent years, but without a concurrent growth in appreciation of its limitations. Problems with (1) establishing self-sufficient captive populations, (2) poor success in reintroductions, (3) high costs, (4) domestication, (5) preemption of other re- covery techniques, (6) disease outbreaks, and (7) maintaining administrative continuity have all been signif- icant. The technique has often been invoked prematurely and should not normally be employed before a care- ful field evaluation of costs and benefits of all conservation alternatives has been accomplished and a determination made that captive breeding is essential for Species survival. Merely demonstrating that a spe- cies" population is declining or has fallen below what may be a minimum viable size does not constitute enough analysis to justify captive breeding as a Recovery measure. Captive breeding should be viewed as a last resort in Species Recovery and not a prophylactic or long-term solution because of the inexorable genetic and phenotypic changes that occur in captive environments. Captive breeding can play a crucial role in re- covery of some Species for which effective alternatives are unavailable in the short term. However, it should not displace habitat and ecosystem protection nor should it be invoked in the absence of comprehensive ef- forts to maintain or restore populations in wild habitats. Zoological institutions with captive breeding pro- grams should operate under carefully defined conditions of disease prevention and genetic~behavioral man- agement. More important, these institutions should help preserve biodiversity through their capacities for public education, professional training, research, and support of in situ conservation efforts.
