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Srinivas Marmamula - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spectacles use in a rural population in the state of Telangana in South India.
Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2017Co-Authors: Srinivas Marmamula, Rohit C Khanna, Eswararao Kunuku, Gullapalli N RaoAbstract:Context: Uncorrected refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment. Aims: To assess the prevalence and patterns of Spectacles use among those aged ≥40 years in the South Indian state of Telangana. Settings and Design: This was a population-based, cross-sectional study, in which 6150 people were enumerated from 123 clusters in the two districts of Telangana state (Adilabad and Mahbubnagar) using a two-stage cluster random sampling methodology. Materials and Methods: Participants were visited in their households and presenting visual acuity (VA) was assessed in all cases followed by pinhole VA if presenting VA was worse than 6/12. A questionnaire was used to collect information on the current and previous Spectacles use, type of Spectacles, and details of the Spectacles provider. Statistical Analysis Used: Stata statistical software version 12. Results: Among 5881 participants examined, 53.7% were women, and 82% had no formal education. The prevalence of current Spectacles use was 28.8% (95% confidence interval: 27.6–30.0). On applying multiple logistic regression analysis, Spectacles use was significantly associated with older age groups, female gender, higher levels of education, and residing in Adilabad district. Bifocals were the most commonly used type of Spectacles (56.3%), and private eye clinics (70.3%) were the leading service providers. The Spectacles coverage was 53.6%. Conclusions: We reported on prevalence and patterns of Spectacles use using a large representative sample and a high response rate. More than half of those who may benefit from Spectacles were using them, suggestive of a reasonable primary eye care coverage in the two districts studied.
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Prevalence of Spectacles use in Andhra Pradesh, India: rapid assessment of visual impairment project.
Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 2014Co-Authors: Srinivas Marmamula, Saggam Narsaiah, Konegari Shekhar, Rohit C Khanna, Gullapalli N RaoAbstract:Background To assess the prevalence and patterns of Spectacles use in South India state of Andhra Pradesh. Design A population-based cross sectional study. Participants Seven thousand eight hundred subjects aged ≥40 years, sampled from one urban and two locations. Methods Two-stage cluster random sampling method was used to enumerate 7800 subjects. Distance visual acuity and near vision were assessed. A questionnaire was used to collect information on current and previous use of Spectacles, Spectacles providers and type of Spectacles. Among those who discontinued use of Spectacles, the reasons were elicited. Main Outcome Measures The prevalence of Spectacles use and spectacle coverage. Results In total, 7378/7800 subjects (95.0%) were examined. Among those examined, 53.6% were female, 49.5% of them aged between 40 and 49 years, and 62% of them had no education. The overall prevalence of Spectacles use was 29.5% (95% confidence interval 28.5–30.4), 30.3% (95% confidence interval 29.0–31.6) in rural area compared with 27.9% (95% confidence interval 26.1–29.7) (P
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prevalence of Spectacles use in andhra pradesh india rapid assessment of visual impairment project
Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2014Co-Authors: Srinivas Marmamula, Saggam Narsaiah, Konegari Shekhar, Rohit C Khanna, Gullapalli N RaoAbstract:Background To assess the prevalence and patterns of Spectacles use in South India state of Andhra Pradesh. Design A population-based cross sectional study. Participants Seven thousand eight hundred subjects aged ≥40 years, sampled from one urban and two locations. Methods Two-stage cluster random sampling method was used to enumerate 7800 subjects. Distance visual acuity and near vision were assessed. A questionnaire was used to collect information on current and previous use of Spectacles, Spectacles providers and type of Spectacles. Among those who discontinued use of Spectacles, the reasons were elicited. Main Outcome Measures The prevalence of Spectacles use and spectacle coverage. Results In total, 7378/7800 subjects (95.0%) were examined. Among those examined, 53.6% were female, 49.5% of them aged between 40 and 49 years, and 62% of them had no education. The overall prevalence of Spectacles use was 29.5% (95% confidence interval 28.5–30.4), 30.3% (95% confidence interval 29.0–31.6) in rural area compared with 27.9% (95% confidence interval 26.1–29.7) (P < 0.05) in urban location. Bifocals (72.8%) were the most common type of Spectacles. Private eye clinics were the leading Spectacles provider in all three regions. On applying multiple logistic regression, the odds of Spectacles use increased with increasing age and were significantly higher for rural residents and those with higher levels of education. The spectacle coverage was 38.0% and 27% for refractive errors and presbyopia, respectively. Conclusions Although prevalence of Spectacles use is moderate, the spectacle coverage for both refractive errors and presbyopia is low. The strategies are required to improve the spectacle coverage in the region.
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presbyopia Spectacles use and spectacle correction coverage for near vision among cloth weaving communities in prakasam district in south india
Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 2013Co-Authors: Srinivas Marmamula, Saggam Narsaiah, Konegari Shekhar, Rohit C KhannaAbstract:PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of presbyopia, Spectacles use and spectacle correction coverage for near vision among weaving communities in Prakasam district in the South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. METHODS: A population based cross sectional study was conducted among a population aged ≥40 years. Distance visual acuity was assessed at 6 m. Near vision was assessed using N notation charts at a fixed distance of 40 cm. Presbyopia was defined as binocular unaided near vision
Spectacles use. In order to calculate spectacle correction coverage for presbyopia, met presbyopia need was defined as the percentage of people who presented with presbyopia correction and achieved binocular N8 using it. Unmet presbyopia need was defined as the percentage of people who had either under corrected or uncorrected binocular near vision worse than N8 that would improve with correction to at least N8. RESULTS: Of 2848/3000 enumerated subjects (94.0%) participated. Four hundred individuals with distance visual impairment were excluded from the analysis. Among the remaining 2448 individuals, 46% were male and 49.1% had no formal education. The mean age among males was higher compared to females (p < 0.01). Based on unaided near vision, the prevalence of presbyopia was 61.8% (95% CI: 59.9-63.7) and the prevalence of functional presbyopia was 35.1% (95% CI: 33.2-37.0). Using multivariable analysis, it was found that functional presbyopia was significantly associated with female gender, no education and lack of spectacle use. Spectacle correction coverage was 43.2%. Among the 781 individuals who had no correction at the time of examination, 122 (15.6%) subjects reported having used Spectacles previously. The reasons for discontinuation of Spectacles were discomfort with Spectacles (n = 57; 46.7%), damaged or lost Spectacles (n = 45; 36.9%), ability to see clearly even without Spectacles (n = 12; 9.8%) and other reasons (n = 8; 6.6%). CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of presbyopia (61.8%) was comparable with other studies, the prevalence of functional presbyopia (35.1%) was lower and linked with higher spectacle correction coverage (43.2%) in this weaving community. However, it still highlights a large unmet need and spectacle correction coverage that could be improved by the provision of good quality, affordable Spectacles, which may also improve Spectacles use. -
Population-based study of Spectacles use in southern India.
Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2002Co-Authors: Rakhi Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Vilas Kovai, Pyda Giridhar, Mudigonda N Prasad, Srinivas MarmamulaAbstract:This study assessed the use of Spectacles and its demographic associations in a sample representative of the population of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. A total of 11,786 subjects of all ages were sampled from 94 clusters in one urban and three rural study areas of Andhra Pradesh using stratified, random, cluster, systematic sampling. The eligible subjects underwent detailed interview and eye examination including dilated examination of the posterior segment. The data on the use of Spectacles were analysed for subjects > 15 years of age. A total of 7,432 subjects > 15 years of age participated in the study of whom 1,030 (13.8%) had a refractive error of spherical equivalent +/- 3.00 Diopter or worse. The prevalence of current use of Spectacles in those with spherical equivalent +/- 3.00 Diopter or worse, who were likely to be visually impaired without refractive correction, was 34.2% (95% confidence interval 30.3-38%) and of previous use of Spectacles was 12.3% (95% confidence interval 10.3-14.3%). The odds of using Spectacles currently were significantly higher for those with any level of education, those living in the urban area, and for those with aphakia or psuedophakia as compared with natural refractive error. Among those who had used Spectacles previously, 43.8% had discontinued because they felt that either the prescription was incorrect or that the Spectacles were uncomfortable, suggesting poor quality of refractive services, and another 19.6% had lost the pair and could not afford to buy another pair. These data suggest that the use of Spectacles in this population by those with refractive error was not optimal. Two-thirds of those with spherical equivalent +/- 3.00 Diopter or worse were not using Spectacles. Of those who had discontinued the use of Spectacles, a significant proportion did so for reasons related to poor quality of refractive services. Strategies such as vision screening programmes and eye health promotion need to be implemented, the quality of refractive services monitored and the cost of Spectacles regulated, if the substantial burden of visual impairment due to refractive error in this population is to be reduced.
Kovin Naidoo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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global vision impairment due to uncorrected presbyopia
Archives of Ophthalmology, 2008Co-Authors: Brien A Holden, Timothy R Fricke, Anthea Burnett, Reg Wong, Gerhard Schlenther, Sonja Cronjé, Kovin Naidoo, May S Ho, Eric B. PapasAbstract:Objectives To evaluate the personal and community burdens of uncorrected presbyopia. Methods We used multiple population-based surveys to estimate the global presbyopia prevalence, the spectacle coverage rate for presbyopia, and the community perception of vision impairment caused by uncorrected presbyopia. For planning purposes, the data were extrapolated for the future using population projections extracted from the International Data Base of the US Census Bureau. Results It is estimated that there were 1.04 billion people globally with presbyopia in 2005, 517 million of whom had no Spectacles or inadequate Spectacles. Of these, 410 million were prevented from performing near tasks in the way they required. Vision impairment from uncorrected presbyopia predominantly exists (94%) in the developing world. Conclusions Uncorrected presbyopia causes widespread, avoidable vision impairment throughout the world. Alleviation of this problem requires a substantial increase in the number of personnel trained to deliver appropriate eye care together with the establishment of sustainable, affordable spectacle delivery systems in developing countries. In addition, given that people with presbyopia are at higher risk for permanently sight-threatening conditions such as glaucoma and diabetic eye disease, primary eye care should include refraction services as well as detection and appropriate referral for these and other such conditions.
Rohit C Khanna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spectacles use in a rural population in the state of Telangana in South India.
Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2017Co-Authors: Srinivas Marmamula, Rohit C Khanna, Eswararao Kunuku, Gullapalli N RaoAbstract:Context: Uncorrected refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment. Aims: To assess the prevalence and patterns of Spectacles use among those aged ≥40 years in the South Indian state of Telangana. Settings and Design: This was a population-based, cross-sectional study, in which 6150 people were enumerated from 123 clusters in the two districts of Telangana state (Adilabad and Mahbubnagar) using a two-stage cluster random sampling methodology. Materials and Methods: Participants were visited in their households and presenting visual acuity (VA) was assessed in all cases followed by pinhole VA if presenting VA was worse than 6/12. A questionnaire was used to collect information on the current and previous Spectacles use, type of Spectacles, and details of the Spectacles provider. Statistical Analysis Used: Stata statistical software version 12. Results: Among 5881 participants examined, 53.7% were women, and 82% had no formal education. The prevalence of current Spectacles use was 28.8% (95% confidence interval: 27.6–30.0). On applying multiple logistic regression analysis, Spectacles use was significantly associated with older age groups, female gender, higher levels of education, and residing in Adilabad district. Bifocals were the most commonly used type of Spectacles (56.3%), and private eye clinics (70.3%) were the leading service providers. The Spectacles coverage was 53.6%. Conclusions: We reported on prevalence and patterns of Spectacles use using a large representative sample and a high response rate. More than half of those who may benefit from Spectacles were using them, suggestive of a reasonable primary eye care coverage in the two districts studied.
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Prevalence of Spectacles use in Andhra Pradesh, India: rapid assessment of visual impairment project.
Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 2014Co-Authors: Srinivas Marmamula, Saggam Narsaiah, Konegari Shekhar, Rohit C Khanna, Gullapalli N RaoAbstract:Background To assess the prevalence and patterns of Spectacles use in South India state of Andhra Pradesh. Design A population-based cross sectional study. Participants Seven thousand eight hundred subjects aged ≥40 years, sampled from one urban and two locations. Methods Two-stage cluster random sampling method was used to enumerate 7800 subjects. Distance visual acuity and near vision were assessed. A questionnaire was used to collect information on current and previous use of Spectacles, Spectacles providers and type of Spectacles. Among those who discontinued use of Spectacles, the reasons were elicited. Main Outcome Measures The prevalence of Spectacles use and spectacle coverage. Results In total, 7378/7800 subjects (95.0%) were examined. Among those examined, 53.6% were female, 49.5% of them aged between 40 and 49 years, and 62% of them had no education. The overall prevalence of Spectacles use was 29.5% (95% confidence interval 28.5–30.4), 30.3% (95% confidence interval 29.0–31.6) in rural area compared with 27.9% (95% confidence interval 26.1–29.7) (P
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prevalence of Spectacles use in andhra pradesh india rapid assessment of visual impairment project
Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2014Co-Authors: Srinivas Marmamula, Saggam Narsaiah, Konegari Shekhar, Rohit C Khanna, Gullapalli N RaoAbstract:Background To assess the prevalence and patterns of Spectacles use in South India state of Andhra Pradesh. Design A population-based cross sectional study. Participants Seven thousand eight hundred subjects aged ≥40 years, sampled from one urban and two locations. Methods Two-stage cluster random sampling method was used to enumerate 7800 subjects. Distance visual acuity and near vision were assessed. A questionnaire was used to collect information on current and previous use of Spectacles, Spectacles providers and type of Spectacles. Among those who discontinued use of Spectacles, the reasons were elicited. Main Outcome Measures The prevalence of Spectacles use and spectacle coverage. Results In total, 7378/7800 subjects (95.0%) were examined. Among those examined, 53.6% were female, 49.5% of them aged between 40 and 49 years, and 62% of them had no education. The overall prevalence of Spectacles use was 29.5% (95% confidence interval 28.5–30.4), 30.3% (95% confidence interval 29.0–31.6) in rural area compared with 27.9% (95% confidence interval 26.1–29.7) (P < 0.05) in urban location. Bifocals (72.8%) were the most common type of Spectacles. Private eye clinics were the leading Spectacles provider in all three regions. On applying multiple logistic regression, the odds of Spectacles use increased with increasing age and were significantly higher for rural residents and those with higher levels of education. The spectacle coverage was 38.0% and 27% for refractive errors and presbyopia, respectively. Conclusions Although prevalence of Spectacles use is moderate, the spectacle coverage for both refractive errors and presbyopia is low. The strategies are required to improve the spectacle coverage in the region.
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presbyopia Spectacles use and spectacle correction coverage for near vision among cloth weaving communities in prakasam district in south india
Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 2013Co-Authors: Srinivas Marmamula, Saggam Narsaiah, Konegari Shekhar, Rohit C KhannaAbstract:PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of presbyopia, Spectacles use and spectacle correction coverage for near vision among weaving communities in Prakasam district in the South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. METHODS: A population based cross sectional study was conducted among a population aged ≥40 years. Distance visual acuity was assessed at 6 m. Near vision was assessed using N notation charts at a fixed distance of 40 cm. Presbyopia was defined as binocular unaided near vision
Spectacles use. In order to calculate spectacle correction coverage for presbyopia, met presbyopia need was defined as the percentage of people who presented with presbyopia correction and achieved binocular N8 using it. Unmet presbyopia need was defined as the percentage of people who had either under corrected or uncorrected binocular near vision worse than N8 that would improve with correction to at least N8. RESULTS: Of 2848/3000 enumerated subjects (94.0%) participated. Four hundred individuals with distance visual impairment were excluded from the analysis. Among the remaining 2448 individuals, 46% were male and 49.1% had no formal education. The mean age among males was higher compared to females (p < 0.01). Based on unaided near vision, the prevalence of presbyopia was 61.8% (95% CI: 59.9-63.7) and the prevalence of functional presbyopia was 35.1% (95% CI: 33.2-37.0). Using multivariable analysis, it was found that functional presbyopia was significantly associated with female gender, no education and lack of spectacle use. Spectacle correction coverage was 43.2%. Among the 781 individuals who had no correction at the time of examination, 122 (15.6%) subjects reported having used Spectacles previously. The reasons for discontinuation of Spectacles were discomfort with Spectacles (n = 57; 46.7%), damaged or lost Spectacles (n = 45; 36.9%), ability to see clearly even without Spectacles (n = 12; 9.8%) and other reasons (n = 8; 6.6%). CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of presbyopia (61.8%) was comparable with other studies, the prevalence of functional presbyopia (35.1%) was lower and linked with higher spectacle correction coverage (43.2%) in this weaving community. However, it still highlights a large unmet need and spectacle correction coverage that could be improved by the provision of good quality, affordable Spectacles, which may also improve Spectacles use.
Gullapalli N Rao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spectacles use in a rural population in the state of Telangana in South India.
Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2017Co-Authors: Srinivas Marmamula, Rohit C Khanna, Eswararao Kunuku, Gullapalli N RaoAbstract:Context: Uncorrected refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment. Aims: To assess the prevalence and patterns of Spectacles use among those aged ≥40 years in the South Indian state of Telangana. Settings and Design: This was a population-based, cross-sectional study, in which 6150 people were enumerated from 123 clusters in the two districts of Telangana state (Adilabad and Mahbubnagar) using a two-stage cluster random sampling methodology. Materials and Methods: Participants were visited in their households and presenting visual acuity (VA) was assessed in all cases followed by pinhole VA if presenting VA was worse than 6/12. A questionnaire was used to collect information on the current and previous Spectacles use, type of Spectacles, and details of the Spectacles provider. Statistical Analysis Used: Stata statistical software version 12. Results: Among 5881 participants examined, 53.7% were women, and 82% had no formal education. The prevalence of current Spectacles use was 28.8% (95% confidence interval: 27.6–30.0). On applying multiple logistic regression analysis, Spectacles use was significantly associated with older age groups, female gender, higher levels of education, and residing in Adilabad district. Bifocals were the most commonly used type of Spectacles (56.3%), and private eye clinics (70.3%) were the leading service providers. The Spectacles coverage was 53.6%. Conclusions: We reported on prevalence and patterns of Spectacles use using a large representative sample and a high response rate. More than half of those who may benefit from Spectacles were using them, suggestive of a reasonable primary eye care coverage in the two districts studied.
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Prevalence of Spectacles use in Andhra Pradesh, India: rapid assessment of visual impairment project.
Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 2014Co-Authors: Srinivas Marmamula, Saggam Narsaiah, Konegari Shekhar, Rohit C Khanna, Gullapalli N RaoAbstract:Background To assess the prevalence and patterns of Spectacles use in South India state of Andhra Pradesh. Design A population-based cross sectional study. Participants Seven thousand eight hundred subjects aged ≥40 years, sampled from one urban and two locations. Methods Two-stage cluster random sampling method was used to enumerate 7800 subjects. Distance visual acuity and near vision were assessed. A questionnaire was used to collect information on current and previous use of Spectacles, Spectacles providers and type of Spectacles. Among those who discontinued use of Spectacles, the reasons were elicited. Main Outcome Measures The prevalence of Spectacles use and spectacle coverage. Results In total, 7378/7800 subjects (95.0%) were examined. Among those examined, 53.6% were female, 49.5% of them aged between 40 and 49 years, and 62% of them had no education. The overall prevalence of Spectacles use was 29.5% (95% confidence interval 28.5–30.4), 30.3% (95% confidence interval 29.0–31.6) in rural area compared with 27.9% (95% confidence interval 26.1–29.7) (P
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prevalence of Spectacles use in andhra pradesh india rapid assessment of visual impairment project
Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2014Co-Authors: Srinivas Marmamula, Saggam Narsaiah, Konegari Shekhar, Rohit C Khanna, Gullapalli N RaoAbstract:Background To assess the prevalence and patterns of Spectacles use in South India state of Andhra Pradesh. Design A population-based cross sectional study. Participants Seven thousand eight hundred subjects aged ≥40 years, sampled from one urban and two locations. Methods Two-stage cluster random sampling method was used to enumerate 7800 subjects. Distance visual acuity and near vision were assessed. A questionnaire was used to collect information on current and previous use of Spectacles, Spectacles providers and type of Spectacles. Among those who discontinued use of Spectacles, the reasons were elicited. Main Outcome Measures The prevalence of Spectacles use and spectacle coverage. Results In total, 7378/7800 subjects (95.0%) were examined. Among those examined, 53.6% were female, 49.5% of them aged between 40 and 49 years, and 62% of them had no education. The overall prevalence of Spectacles use was 29.5% (95% confidence interval 28.5–30.4), 30.3% (95% confidence interval 29.0–31.6) in rural area compared with 27.9% (95% confidence interval 26.1–29.7) (P < 0.05) in urban location. Bifocals (72.8%) were the most common type of Spectacles. Private eye clinics were the leading Spectacles provider in all three regions. On applying multiple logistic regression, the odds of Spectacles use increased with increasing age and were significantly higher for rural residents and those with higher levels of education. The spectacle coverage was 38.0% and 27% for refractive errors and presbyopia, respectively. Conclusions Although prevalence of Spectacles use is moderate, the spectacle coverage for both refractive errors and presbyopia is low. The strategies are required to improve the spectacle coverage in the region.
Thomas Naduvilath - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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correction of refractive error and presbyopia in timor leste
British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2007Co-Authors: Jacqueline Ramke, R Du Toit, Garry Brian, Anna Palagyi, Thomas NaduvilathAbstract:AIM: To investigate the aspects of spectacle correction of vision-impairing refractive error and presbyopia in those aged >or=40 years in Timor-Leste. METHOD: A population-based cross-sectional survey with cluster random sampling was used to select 50 clusters of 30 people. Those who had uncorrected or undercorrected refractive error (presenting acuity worse than 6/18, but at least 6/18 with pinhole), uncorrected or undercorrected presbyopia (near vision worse than N8), and/or who were using or had used Spectacles were identified. Dispensing history, willingness to wear and willingness to pay for Spectacles were elicited. RESULTS: Of 1470 people enumerated, 1414 were examined (96.2%). The "met refractive error need" in the sample was 2.2%, and the "unmet refractive error need" was 11.7%. The "refractive error correction coverage" was 15.7%. The "met presbyopic need" was 11.5%, and the "unmet presbyopic need" was 32.3%. The "presbyopia correction coverage" was 26.2%. Lower correction coverage was associated with rural domicile, illiteracy and farming. Of the sample, 96.0% were willing to wear Spectacles correcting impaired vision. Of these, 17.0% were willing to pay US$3 ( pound 1.52, euro 2.24) for Spectacles, whereas 50.2% were unwilling to pay US$1 ( pound 0.51, euro 0.75). Women and rural dwellers were less likely to be willing to pay at least US$1 for Spectacles. CONCLUSION: Refractive error and presbyopia correction coverage rates are low in Timor-Leste. There is a large need for Spectacles, especially for elderly and illiterate people, farmers and rural dwellers: those least able to pay for them. An equitable cross-subsidisation spectacle system should be possible.
