The Experts below are selected from a list of 449673 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
John Stover - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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updates to the Spectrum estimations and projections package Model for estimating trends and current values for key hiv indicators
AIDS, 2017Co-Authors: John Stover, Tim Brown, Robert Puckett, Wiwat PeerapatanapokinAbstract:Background:The Spectrum Model is used by national programs and UNAIDS to prepare annual estimates of the status of the HIV epidemic in 160 countries. The Model and assumptions are updated regularly under the guidance of the UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modelling and Projections in response t
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Empirical validation of the UNAIDS Spectrum Model for subnational HIV estimates: case-study of children and adults in Manicaland, Zimbabwe.
AIDS (London England), 2017Co-Authors: Romain Silhol, Simon Gregson, Constance Nyamukapa, Mutsa Mhangara, Janet Dzangare, Elizabeth Gonese, Jeffrey W Eaton, Kelsey K Case, Mary Mahy, John StoverAbstract:More cost-effective HIV control may be achieved by targeting geographical areas with high infection rates. The AIDS Impact Model of Spectrum - used routinely to produce national HIV estimates - could provide the required subnational estimates but is rarely validated with empirical data, even at a national level. The validity of the Spectrum Model estimates were compared with empirical estimates. Antenatal surveillance and population survey data from a population HIV cohort study in Manicaland, East Zimbabwe, were input into Spectrum 5.441 to create a simulation representative of the cohort population. Model and empirical estimates were compared for key demographic and epidemiological outcomes. Alternative scenarios for data availability were examined and sensitivity analyses were conducted for Model assumptions considered important for subnational estimates. Spectrum estimates generally agreed with observed data but HIV incidence estimates were higher than empirical estimates, whereas estimates of early age all-cause adult mortality were lower. Child HIV prevalence estimates matched well with the survey prevalence among children. Estimated paternal orphanhood was lower than empirical estimates. Including observations from earlier in the epidemic did not improve the HIV incidence Model fit. Migration had little effect on observed discrepancies - possibly because the Model ignores differences in HIV prevalence between migrants and residents. The Spectrum Model, using subnational surveillance and population data, provided reasonable subnational estimates although some discrepancies were noted. Differences in HIV prevalence between migrants and residents may need to be captured in the Model if applied to subnational epidemics.
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updates to the Spectrum Model to estimate key hiv indicators for adults and children
AIDS, 2014Co-Authors: John Stover, Kirill F Andreev, Emma Slaymaker, Chaitra Gopalappa, Keith Sabin, Claudia Velasquez, Jessica Nakiyingimiiro, Amelia C Crampin, Tom Lutalo, Kobus HerbstAbstract:BACKGROUND: The Spectrum program is used to estimate key HIV indicators for national programmes. The purpose of the study is to describe the key updates made to Spectrum in the last 2 years to produce the version used in the 2013 global estimates of HIV/AIDS. METHODS: The United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Reference Group on Estimates Models and Projections regularly reviews new data and information needs and recommends updates to the methodology and assumptions used in Spectrum. The latest data from surveys census and special studies are used to estimate key parameter values for countries and regions. RESULTS: Country-specific life tables prepared by the United National Population Division (UNPD) have been incorporated into Spectrums demographic projections replacing the Model life tables used previously. This update includes revised estimates of non-AIDS life expectancy. Incidence among all adults 15-49 years generated from curve fitting to surveillance and survey data is now split by age using incidence rate ratios derived from Analysing Longitudinal Population-based HIV/AIDS data on Africa Network data for generalized epidemics. Methods for estimating the number of AIDS orphans have been updated to include the changing effects of PMTCT and antiretroviral therapy programmes. Procedures for estimating the number of adults eligible for treatment have been updated to reflect the 2013 WHO guidelines. Program data on AIDS mortality has been used to estimate prevalence trends in Argentina Brazil and Mexico for the 2013 estimates. CONCLUSION: Spectrum was updated for the 2013 round of HIV estimates in order to support national programmes with improved methods and data to estimating national indicators.
Anne D Herlache - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the narcissism Spectrum Model a synthetic view of narcissistic personality
Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2018Co-Authors: Zlatan Krizan, Anne D HerlacheAbstract:The narcissism Spectrum Model synthesizes extensive personality, social–psychological, and clinical evidence, building on existing knowledge about narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability to reve...
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The Narcissism Spectrum Model: A Synthetic View of Narcissistic Personality.
Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2017Co-Authors: Zlatan Krizan, Anne D HerlacheAbstract:The narcissism Spectrum Model synthesizes extensive personality, social-psychological, and clinical evidence, building on existing knowledge about narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability to reveal a view of narcissism that respects its clinical origins, embraces the diversity and complexity of its expression, and reflects extensive scientific evidence about the continuity between normal and abnormal personality expression. Critically, the proposed Model addresses three key, inter-related problems that have plagued narcissism scholarship for more than a century. These problems can be summarized as follows: (a) What are the key features of narcissism? (b) How are they organized and related to each other? and (c) Why are they organized that way, that is, what accounts for their relationships? By conceptualizing narcissistic traits as manifested in transactional processes between individuals and their social environments, the Model enables integration of existing theories of narcissism and thus provides a compelling perspective for future examination of narcissism and its developmental pathways.
Torsten Dau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The speech-based envelope power Spectrum Model (sEPSM) family: Development, achievements, and current challenges
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2017Co-Authors: Helia Relaño-iborra, Alexandre Chabot-leclerc, Christoph Scheidiger, Johannes Zaar, Torsten DauAbstract:Intelligibility Models provide insights regarding the effects of target speech characteristics, transmission channels and/or auditory processing on the speech perception performance of listeners. In 2011, Jorgensen and Dau proposed the speech-based envelope power Spectrum Model [sEPSM, Jorgensen and Dau (2011). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 130(3), 1475-1487]. It uses the signal-to-noise ratio in the modulation domain (SNRenv) as a decision metric and was shown to accurately predict the intelligibility of processed noisy speech. The sEPSM concept has since been applied in various subsequent Models, which have extended the predictive power of the original Model to a broad range of conditions. This contribution presents the most recent developments within the sEPSM “family:” (i) A binaural extension, the B-sEPSM [Chabot-Leclerc et al. (2016). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 140(1), 192-205] which combines better-ear and binaural unmasking processes and accounts for a large variety of spatial phenomena in speech perception; (ii) ...
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Predicting speech intelligibility in adverse conditions: evaluation of the speech-based envelope power Spectrum Model
2011Co-Authors: Søren Jørgensen, Torsten DauAbstract:The speech-based envelope power Spectrum Model (sEPSM) [Jorgensen and Dau (2011). J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 130 (3), 1475–1487] estimates the envelope signal-to-noise ratio (SNRenv) of distorted speech and accurately describes the speech recognition thresholds (SRT) for normal-hearing listeners in conditions with additive noise, reverberation, and nonlinear processing by spectral subtraction. The latter represents a condition where the standardized speech intelligibility index and speech transmission index fail. However, the sEPSM is limited to stationary interferers due to the fact that predictions are based on the long-term SNRenv. As an attempt to extent the Model to deal with fluctuating interferers, a short-time version of the sEPSM is presented. The SNRenv of a speech sample is estimated from a combination of SNRenv-values calculated in short time frames. The Model is evaluated in adverse conditions by comparing predictions to measured data from [Kjems et al. (2009). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 126 (3), 1415-1426] where speech is mixed with four different interferers, including speech-shaped noise, bottle noise, car noise, and cafe noise. The Model accounts well for the differences in intelligibility observed for the different interferers. None of the standardized Models successfully describe these data.
Wiwat Peerapatanapokin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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updates to the Spectrum estimations and projections package Model for estimating trends and current values for key hiv indicators
AIDS, 2017Co-Authors: John Stover, Tim Brown, Robert Puckett, Wiwat PeerapatanapokinAbstract:Background:The Spectrum Model is used by national programs and UNAIDS to prepare annual estimates of the status of the HIV epidemic in 160 countries. The Model and assumptions are updated regularly under the guidance of the UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modelling and Projections in response t
Kobus Herbst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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updates to the Spectrum Model to estimate key hiv indicators for adults and children
AIDS, 2014Co-Authors: John Stover, Kirill F Andreev, Emma Slaymaker, Chaitra Gopalappa, Keith Sabin, Claudia Velasquez, Jessica Nakiyingimiiro, Amelia C Crampin, Tom Lutalo, Kobus HerbstAbstract:BACKGROUND: The Spectrum program is used to estimate key HIV indicators for national programmes. The purpose of the study is to describe the key updates made to Spectrum in the last 2 years to produce the version used in the 2013 global estimates of HIV/AIDS. METHODS: The United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Reference Group on Estimates Models and Projections regularly reviews new data and information needs and recommends updates to the methodology and assumptions used in Spectrum. The latest data from surveys census and special studies are used to estimate key parameter values for countries and regions. RESULTS: Country-specific life tables prepared by the United National Population Division (UNPD) have been incorporated into Spectrums demographic projections replacing the Model life tables used previously. This update includes revised estimates of non-AIDS life expectancy. Incidence among all adults 15-49 years generated from curve fitting to surveillance and survey data is now split by age using incidence rate ratios derived from Analysing Longitudinal Population-based HIV/AIDS data on Africa Network data for generalized epidemics. Methods for estimating the number of AIDS orphans have been updated to include the changing effects of PMTCT and antiretroviral therapy programmes. Procedures for estimating the number of adults eligible for treatment have been updated to reflect the 2013 WHO guidelines. Program data on AIDS mortality has been used to estimate prevalence trends in Argentina Brazil and Mexico for the 2013 estimates. CONCLUSION: Spectrum was updated for the 2013 round of HIV estimates in order to support national programmes with improved methods and data to estimating national indicators.
