The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kimbrough D Oller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a social feedback loop for Speech Development and its reduction in autism
Psychological Science, 2014Co-Authors: Anne S Warlaumont, Jeffrey A Richards, Jill Gilkerson, Kimbrough D OllerAbstract:We analyzed the microstructure of child-adult interaction during naturalistic, daylong, automatically labeled audio recordings (13,836 hr total) of children (8- to 48-month-olds) with and without autism. We found that an adult was more likely to respond when the child's vocalization was Speech related rather than not Speech related. In turn, a child's vocalization was more likely to be Speech related if the child's previous Speech-related vocalization had received an immediate adult response rather than no response. Taken together, these results are consistent with the idea that there is a social feedback loop between child and caregiver that promotes Speech Development. Although this feedback loop applies in both typical Development and autism, children with autism produced proportionally fewer Speech-related vocalizations, and the responses they received were less contingent on whether their vocalizations were Speech related. We argue that such differences will diminish the strength of the social feedback loop and have cascading effects on Speech Development over time. Differences related to socioeconomic status are also reported.
Frédérique J. Liégeois - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Corticobulbar Tract Injury, Oromotor Impairment and Language Plasticity in Adolescents Born Preterm
'Frontiers Media SA', 2019Co-Authors: Gemma . Northam, At Morgan, Fitzsimmons S, Baldeweg T, Frédérique J. LiégeoisAbstract:Children born preterm are at risk of impairments in oromotor control, with implications for early feeding and Speech Development. In this study, we aimed to identify (a) neuroanatomical markers of persistent oromotor deficits using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) tractography and (b) evidence of compensatory neuroplasticity using functional MRI (fMRI) during a language production task. In a cross-sectional study of 36 adolescents born very preterm (
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Image_1_Corticobulbar Tract Injury, Oromotor Impairment and Language Plasticity in Adolescents Born Preterm.TIF
2019Co-Authors: Gemma . Northam, Angela T. Morga, Sophie Fitzsimmons, Torste Aldeweg, Frédérique J. LiégeoisAbstract:Children born preterm are at risk of impairments in oromotor control, with implications for early feeding and Speech Development. In this study, we aimed to identify (a) neuroanatomical markers of persistent oromotor deficits using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) tractography and (b) evidence of compensatory neuroplasticity using functional MRI (fMRI) during a language production task. In a cross-sectional study of 36 adolescents born very preterm (
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Table_1_Corticobulbar Tract Injury, Oromotor Impairment and Language Plasticity in Adolescents Born Preterm.docx
2019Co-Authors: Gemma . Northam, Angela T. Morga, Sophie Fitzsimmons, Torste Aldeweg, Frédérique J. LiégeoisAbstract:Children born preterm are at risk of impairments in oromotor control, with implications for early feeding and Speech Development. In this study, we aimed to identify (a) neuroanatomical markers of persistent oromotor deficits using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) tractography and (b) evidence of compensatory neuroplasticity using functional MRI (fMRI) during a language production task. In a cross-sectional study of 36 adolescents born very preterm (
Laurent Mottron - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the level and nature of autistic intelligence iii inspection time
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Elise B Barbeau, Isabelle Soulieres, Thomas A. Zeffiro, Michelle Dawson, Laurent MottronAbstract:Across the autism spectrum, level of intelligence is highly dependent on the psychometric instrument used for assessment, and there are conflicting views concerning which measures best estimate autistic cognitive abilities. Inspection time is a processing speed measure associated with general intelligence in typical individuals. We therefore investigated autism spectrum performance on inspection time in relation to two different general intelligence tests. Autism spectrum individuals were divided into autistic and Asperger subgroups according to Speech Development history. Compared to a typical control group, mean inspection time for the autistic subgroup but not the Asperger subgroup was significantly shorter (by 31%). However, the shorter mean autistic inspection time was evident only when groups were matched on Wechsler IQ and disappeared when they were matched using Raven’s Progressive Matrices. When autism spectrum abilities are compared to typical abilities, results may be influenced by Speech Development history as well as by the instrument used for intelligence matching.
Razboršek Barbara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The impact of feeding and swallowing disorders on language Development
2019Co-Authors: Razboršek BarbaraAbstract:The Development of orofacial structures important for feeding, swallowing and Speech begins and ends in the prenatal period. The feeding, swallowing ability and the ability to speak then develop further in the infant period and early childhood. In the theoretical part of the master’s thesis we firstly described the Development of feeding, swallowing and the process of swallowing. Then we specified possible feeding and swallowing disorders in children, their prevalence, signs and symptoms, we described the assessment and rehabilitation of those disorders. We described Speech Development and specifically exposed factors that affect it. Regarding Speech disorders we specifically paid attention to voice disorders and articulation disorders. We specified Developmental milestones for feeding, swallowing and Speech, and then stated reflexes that are important for those processes. All that information is crucial for better understanding feeding, swallowing and Speech disorders. At the end of theoretical part, we described known data on the connection between Speech and feeding, swallowing. We also described which muscles and nerves participate in both processes, how those two connect and wrote down research findings on the topic. The aim of the empirical part was firstly to establish the prevalence of feeding and swallowing disorders in the population of typically developing children and then to compare Speech Development of children with and without feeding and swallowing disorders. With this purpose we created a questionnaire for parents about possible feeding, swallowing, Speech Development, voice and articulation problems of their child and a protocol of the assessment of the child’s Speech abilities (orofacial area motoric skills, voice, articulation) based on the review of literature. The questionnaire was given to 120 parents of children aged between 4.0 and 6.0 years. The questionnaire also contained consensus for an examination of child’s Speech ability. 60 parents filled out the questionnaire and gave their written consent for the examination of their children. This was also our final research sample. The results showed that 23.3 % of children had or still have feeding and swallowing disorders. Difficulties with sucking and chewing were the most common problems. Detected by the researcher’s subjective assessment of voice 25 % of children had voice disorders. 80 % of children that participated in the research had or still have some sort of Speech disorder (delayed Speech Development, articulation disorders, and voice disorders). This data was gained through questionnaire and the assessment of children’s Speech abilities. Articulation disorders were expectedly the most common. Orofacial area motoric skills were disturbed in 23.3 % of children. We found a statistically significant link between feeding and swallowing disorders and delayed Speech Development, as well as between Speech disorders and age. There were no statistically significant links between other data
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The impact of feeding and swallowing disorders on language Development
2019Co-Authors: Razboršek BarbaraAbstract:Razvoj orofacialnih struktur, ki so pomembne za hranjenje, požiranje in za govor, se začne in konča v prenatalnem obdobju. Sposobnosti hranjenja in požiranja ter sposobnost govora se nato razvijajo naprej v obdobju novorojenčka in obdobju zgodnjega otroštva. V teoretičnih izhodiščih magistrskega dela smo najprej opisali razvoja hranjenja, požiranja in poteka požiranja. Nato smo posebej navedli tudi mogoče motnje hranjenja in požiranja pri otrocih, njihovo prevalenco, znake, kako poteka ocenjevanje in kako njihova rehabilitacija. Opisali smo razvoj govora in omenili dejavnike, ki vplivajo nanj. Na področju motenj govora pri otrocih smo dodatno pozornost namenili glasovnim motnjam in motnjam artikulacije. Vzporedno smo navedli razvojne mejnike hranjenja, požiranja in govora ter reflekse, pomembne za te procese. Vsi ti podatki so ključnega pomena za dobro razumevanje težav s hranjenjem in požiranjem ter z govorom. V zadnjem delu teoretičnega dela smo navedli, kakšna je do zdaj znana povezava med govorom in hranjenjem, požiranjem. Opisali smo, katere mišice in živci sodelujejo pri obeh procesih, kako se procesa povezujeta, in navedli ugotovitve raziskav o tej temi. Z empiričnim delom smo v prvi vrsti želeli ugotoviti, kolikšna je pogostost motenj hranjenja in/ali požiranja v populaciji otrok v značilnem razvoju, nato pa primerjati razvoj govora otrok z motnjami hranjenja in/ali požiranja in otrok brez njih. S tem namenom smo po pregledu literature sestavili vprašalnik za starše otrok glede motenj hranjenja in/ali požiranja, govornega razvoja, morebitnih glasovnih in artikulacijskih motenj ter zastavili preverjanje otrokovih govornih sposobnosti (ocena motorike orofacialnega področja, ocena glasu in artikulacije). Vprašalnik smo razdelili 120 staršem otrok, starih od 4,0 in 6,0 leta. V vprašalniku je bilo tudi soglasje za preverjanje otrokovih govornih sposobnosti, ki ga je izpolnilo 60 staršev, kar predstavlja tudi končen vzorec raziskave. Izsledki so pokazali, da je imelo ali ima 23,3 % otrok motnje hranjenja in/ali požiranja. Najpogosteje so se pojavljale težave s sesanjem in z žvečenjem hrane. Prek subjektivne ocene glasu smo pri 25 % otrok ugotovili prisotnost glasovne motnje. Kar 80 % otrok, udeleženih v raziskavi, pa ima ali je imelo določene težave v razvoju govora (upočasnjen govorni razvoj, artikulacijske motnje, glasovne motnje), kar smo preverjali s pomočjo vprašalnika in tudi s pregledom otrokovih govornih sposobnosti. Najpogosteje so se pojavljale artikulacijske motnje, kar smo tudi pričakovali. Motorika orofacialnega področja je bila motena pri 23,3 % otrok. Ugotovili smo, da obstaja statistična povezava med motnjami hranjena in/ali požiranja ter upočasnjenim govornim razvojem in govornimi težavami ter starostjo otrok. Med drugimi podatki statističnih povezav nismo ugotovili.The Development of orofacial structures important for feeding, swallowing and Speech begins and ends in the prenatal period. The feeding, swallowing ability and the ability to speak then develop further in the infant period and early childhood. In the theoretical part of the master’s thesis we firstly described the Development of feeding, swallowing and the process of swallowing. Then we specified possible feeding and swallowing disorders in children, their prevalence, signs and symptoms, we described the assessment and rehabilitation of those disorders. We described Speech Development and specifically exposed factors that affect it. Regarding Speech disorders we specifically paid attention to voice disorders and articulation disorders. We specified Developmental milestones for feeding, swallowing and Speech, and then stated reflexes that are important for those processes. All that information is crucial for better understanding feeding, swallowing and Speech disorders. At the end of theoretical part, we described known data on the connection between Speech and feeding, swallowing. We also described which muscles and nerves participate in both processes, how those two connect and wrote down research findings on the topic. The aim of the empirical part was firstly to establish the prevalence of feeding and swallowing disorders in the population of typically developing children and then to compare Speech Development of children with and without feeding and swallowing disorders. With this purpose we created a questionnaire for parents about possible feeding, swallowing, Speech Development, voice and articulation problems of their child and a protocol of the assessment of the child’s Speech abilities (orofacial area motoric skills, voice, articulation) based on the review of literature. The questionnaire was given to 120 parents of children aged between 4.0 and 6.0 years. The questionnaire also contained consensus for an examination of child’s Speech ability. 60 parents filled out the questionnaire and gave their written consent for the examination of their children. This was also our final research sample. The results showed that 23.3 % of children had or still have feeding and swallowing disorders. Difficulties with sucking and chewing were the most common problems. Detected by the researcher’s subjective assessment of voice 25 % of children had voice disorders. 80 % of children that participated in the research had or still have some sort of Speech disorder (delayed Speech Development, articulation disorders, and voice disorders). This data was gained through questionnaire and the assessment of children’s Speech abilities. Articulation disorders were expectedly the most common. Orofacial area motoric skills were disturbed in 23.3 % of children. We found a statistically significant link between feeding and swallowing disorders and delayed Speech Development, as well as between Speech disorders and age. There were no statistically significant links between other data
Richard Mooney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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diminished foxp2 levels affect dopaminergic modulation of corticostriatal signaling important to song variability
Neuron, 2013Co-Authors: Malavika Murugan, Constance Scharff, Stephen C Harward, Richard MooneyAbstract:Mutations of the FOXP2 gene impair Speech and language Development in humans and shRNA-mediated suppression of the avian ortholog FoxP2 disrupts song learning in juvenile zebra finches. How diminished FoxP2 levels affect vocal control and alter the function of neural circuits important to learned vocalizations remains unclear. Here we show that FoxP2 knockdown in the songbird striatum disrupts Developmental and social modulation of song variability. Recordings in anesthetized birds show that FoxP2 knockdown interferes with D1R-dependent modulation of activity propagation in a corticostriatal pathway important to song variability, an effect that may be partly attributable to reduced D1R and DARPP-32 protein levels. Furthermore, recordings in singing birds reveal that FoxP2 knockdown prevents social modulation of singing-related activity in this pathway. These findings show that reduced FoxP2 levels interfere with the dopaminergic modulation of vocal variability, which may impede song and Speech Development by disrupting reinforcement learning mechanisms.
