The Experts below are selected from a list of 226182 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yves Vandermeeren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dual tdcs enhances online motor skill learning and long term retention in chronic stroke patients
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2013Co-Authors: Stephanie Lefebvre, Patrice Laloux, Andre Peeters, Philippe Desfontaines, Jacques Jamart, Yves VandermeerenAbstract:Background: Since motor learning is a key component for stroke recovery, enhancing motor skill learning is a crucial challenge for neurorehabilitation. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising approach for improving motor learning. The aim of this trial was to test the hypothesis that dual-tDCS applied bilaterally over the primary motor cortices (M1) improves online motor skill learning with the paretic hand and its long-term retention. Methods: Eighteen chronic stroke patients participated in a randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled, double bind trial. During separate sessions, dual-tDCS or sham dual-tDCS was applied over 30 min while stroke patients learned a complex visuomotor skill with the paretic hand: using a computer mouse to move a pointer along a complex circuit as quickly and accurately as possible. A learning index involving the evolution of the speed/accuracy Trade-Off was calculated. Performance of the motor skill was measured at baseline, after intervention and 1 week later. Results: After sham dual-tDCS, eight patients showed performance worsening. In contrast, dual-tDCS enhanced the amount and speed of online motor skill learning compared to sham (p < 0.001) in all patients; this superiority was maintained throughout the hour following. The speed/accuracy Trade-Off was shifted more consistently after dual-tDCS (n = 10) than after sham (n = 3). More importantly, 1 week later, online enhancement under dual-tDCS had translated into superior long-term retention (+44%) compared to sham (+4%). The improvement generalized to a new untrained circuit and to digital dexterity. Conclusion: A single-session of dual-tDCS, applied while stroke patients trained with the paretic hand significantly enhanced online motor skill learning both quantitatively and qualitatively, leading to successful long-term retention and generalization. The combination of motor skill learning and dual-tDCS is promising for improving post-stroke neurorehabilitation.
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dual tdcs enhances online motor skill learning and long term retention in chronic stroke patients
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2013Co-Authors: Stephanie Lefebvre, Patrice Laloux, Andre Peeters, Philippe Desfontaines, Jacques Jamart, Yves VandermeerenAbstract:Background: Since motor learning is a key component for stroke recovery, enhancing motor skill learning is a crucial challenge for neurorehabilitation. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising approach for improving motor learning. The aim of this trial was to test the hypothesis that dual-tDCS applied bilaterally over the primary motor cortices (M1) improves online motor skill learning with the paretic hand and its long-term retention. Methods: Eighteen chronic stroke patients participated in a randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled, double bind trial. During separate sessions, dual-tDCS or sham dual-tDCS was applied over 30 min while stroke patients learned a complex visuomotor skill with the paretic hand: using a computer mouse to move a pointer along a complex circuit as quickly and accurately as possible. A learning index involving the evolution of the speed/accuracy Trade-Off was calculated. Performance of the motor skill was measured at baseline, after intervention and 1 week later. Results: After sham dual-tDCS, eight patients showed performance worsening. In contrast, dual-tDCS enhanced the amount and speed of online motor skill learning compared to sham (p < 0.001) in all patients; this superiority was maintained throughout the hour following. The speed/accuracy Trade-Off was shifted more consistently after dual-tDCS (n = 10) than after sham (n = 3). More importantly, 1 week later, online enhancement under dual-tDCS had translated into superior long-term retention (+44%) compared to sham (+4%). The improvement generalized to a new untrained circuit and to digital dexterity. Conclusion: A single-session of dual-tDCS, applied while stroke patients trained with the paretic hand significantly enhanced online motor skill learning both quantitatively and qualitatively, leading to successful long-term retention and generalization. The combination of motor skill learning and dual-tDCS is promising for improving post-stroke neurorehabilitation.
Fritz Trillmich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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learning and personality types are related in cavies cavia aperea
Journal of Comparative Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Anja Guenther, Vera Brust, Mona Dersen, Fritz TrillmichAbstract:: The evolution and maintenance of consistent individual differences, so called animal personalities, have attracted much research interest over the past decades. Variation along common personality traits, such as boldness or exploration, is often associated with risk-reward Trade-Offs. Individuals that are bolder and hence take more risks may be more successful in acquiring resources over the short term. Cautious individuals taking fewer risks may, on the other hand, live longer, but may also gather fewer resources over the short term. According to recent theory, individual differences in personality may be functionally related to individual differences in cognitive performance (i.e., the way in which individuals acquire or use information). Individual differences in the acquisition speed of cognitively challenging tasks are often associated with a Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off. Accuracy can be improved by investing more time in the decision-making process or, conversely, decisions can be made more quickly at the cost of making more mistakes. Hence, the Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off often involves a risk-reward Trade-Off. We tested whether 3 personality traits, boldness, activity, and aggressiveness, are correlated with individual learning, associative learning speed, and behavioral flexibility as assessed by reversal learning in wild cavies (Cavia aperea). We found strong positive relationships between all personality traits and learning speed, whereas flexibility was negatively associated with aggressiveness. Our results support the hypothesis that performance reflects individual differences in personality in a predictable way. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).
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Learning and personality types are related in cavies (cavia aperea)
Journal of Comparative Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Anja Guenther, Vera Brust, Mona Dersen, Fritz TrillmichAbstract:The evolution and maintenance of consistent individual differences, so called animal personalities, have attracted much research interest over the past decades. Variation along common personality traits, such as boldness or exploration, is often associated with risk-reward Trade-Offs. Individuals that are bolder and hence take more risks may be more successful in acquiring resources over the short term. Cautious individuals taking fewer risks may, on the other hand, live longer, but may also gather fewer resources over the short term. According to recent theory, individual differences in personality may be functionally related to individual differences in cognitive performance (i.e., the way in which individuals acquire or use information). Individual differences in the acquisition speed of cognitively challenging tasks are often associated with a Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off. Accuracy can be improved by investing more time in the decision-making process or, conversely, decisions can be made more quickly at the cost of making more mistakes. Hence, the Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off often involves a risk-reward Trade-Off. We tested whether 3 personality traits, boldness, activity, and aggressiveness, are correlated with individual learning, associative learning speed, and behavioral flexibility as assessed by reversal learning in wild cavies (Cavia aperea). We found strong positive relationships between all personality traits and learning speed, whereas flexibility was negatively associated with aggressiveness. Our results support the hypothesis that performance reflects individual differences in personality in a predictable way.
Stephanie Lefebvre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dual tdcs enhances online motor skill learning and long term retention in chronic stroke patients
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2013Co-Authors: Stephanie Lefebvre, Patrice Laloux, Andre Peeters, Philippe Desfontaines, Jacques Jamart, Yves VandermeerenAbstract:Background: Since motor learning is a key component for stroke recovery, enhancing motor skill learning is a crucial challenge for neurorehabilitation. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising approach for improving motor learning. The aim of this trial was to test the hypothesis that dual-tDCS applied bilaterally over the primary motor cortices (M1) improves online motor skill learning with the paretic hand and its long-term retention. Methods: Eighteen chronic stroke patients participated in a randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled, double bind trial. During separate sessions, dual-tDCS or sham dual-tDCS was applied over 30 min while stroke patients learned a complex visuomotor skill with the paretic hand: using a computer mouse to move a pointer along a complex circuit as quickly and accurately as possible. A learning index involving the evolution of the speed/accuracy Trade-Off was calculated. Performance of the motor skill was measured at baseline, after intervention and 1 week later. Results: After sham dual-tDCS, eight patients showed performance worsening. In contrast, dual-tDCS enhanced the amount and speed of online motor skill learning compared to sham (p < 0.001) in all patients; this superiority was maintained throughout the hour following. The speed/accuracy Trade-Off was shifted more consistently after dual-tDCS (n = 10) than after sham (n = 3). More importantly, 1 week later, online enhancement under dual-tDCS had translated into superior long-term retention (+44%) compared to sham (+4%). The improvement generalized to a new untrained circuit and to digital dexterity. Conclusion: A single-session of dual-tDCS, applied while stroke patients trained with the paretic hand significantly enhanced online motor skill learning both quantitatively and qualitatively, leading to successful long-term retention and generalization. The combination of motor skill learning and dual-tDCS is promising for improving post-stroke neurorehabilitation.
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dual tdcs enhances online motor skill learning and long term retention in chronic stroke patients
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2013Co-Authors: Stephanie Lefebvre, Patrice Laloux, Andre Peeters, Philippe Desfontaines, Jacques Jamart, Yves VandermeerenAbstract:Background: Since motor learning is a key component for stroke recovery, enhancing motor skill learning is a crucial challenge for neurorehabilitation. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising approach for improving motor learning. The aim of this trial was to test the hypothesis that dual-tDCS applied bilaterally over the primary motor cortices (M1) improves online motor skill learning with the paretic hand and its long-term retention. Methods: Eighteen chronic stroke patients participated in a randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled, double bind trial. During separate sessions, dual-tDCS or sham dual-tDCS was applied over 30 min while stroke patients learned a complex visuomotor skill with the paretic hand: using a computer mouse to move a pointer along a complex circuit as quickly and accurately as possible. A learning index involving the evolution of the speed/accuracy Trade-Off was calculated. Performance of the motor skill was measured at baseline, after intervention and 1 week later. Results: After sham dual-tDCS, eight patients showed performance worsening. In contrast, dual-tDCS enhanced the amount and speed of online motor skill learning compared to sham (p < 0.001) in all patients; this superiority was maintained throughout the hour following. The speed/accuracy Trade-Off was shifted more consistently after dual-tDCS (n = 10) than after sham (n = 3). More importantly, 1 week later, online enhancement under dual-tDCS had translated into superior long-term retention (+44%) compared to sham (+4%). The improvement generalized to a new untrained circuit and to digital dexterity. Conclusion: A single-session of dual-tDCS, applied while stroke patients trained with the paretic hand significantly enhanced online motor skill learning both quantitatively and qualitatively, leading to successful long-term retention and generalization. The combination of motor skill learning and dual-tDCS is promising for improving post-stroke neurorehabilitation.
Anja Guenther - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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learning and personality types are related in cavies cavia aperea
Journal of Comparative Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Anja Guenther, Vera Brust, Mona Dersen, Fritz TrillmichAbstract:: The evolution and maintenance of consistent individual differences, so called animal personalities, have attracted much research interest over the past decades. Variation along common personality traits, such as boldness or exploration, is often associated with risk-reward Trade-Offs. Individuals that are bolder and hence take more risks may be more successful in acquiring resources over the short term. Cautious individuals taking fewer risks may, on the other hand, live longer, but may also gather fewer resources over the short term. According to recent theory, individual differences in personality may be functionally related to individual differences in cognitive performance (i.e., the way in which individuals acquire or use information). Individual differences in the acquisition speed of cognitively challenging tasks are often associated with a Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off. Accuracy can be improved by investing more time in the decision-making process or, conversely, decisions can be made more quickly at the cost of making more mistakes. Hence, the Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off often involves a risk-reward Trade-Off. We tested whether 3 personality traits, boldness, activity, and aggressiveness, are correlated with individual learning, associative learning speed, and behavioral flexibility as assessed by reversal learning in wild cavies (Cavia aperea). We found strong positive relationships between all personality traits and learning speed, whereas flexibility was negatively associated with aggressiveness. Our results support the hypothesis that performance reflects individual differences in personality in a predictable way. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).
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Learning and personality types are related in cavies (cavia aperea)
Journal of Comparative Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Anja Guenther, Vera Brust, Mona Dersen, Fritz TrillmichAbstract:The evolution and maintenance of consistent individual differences, so called animal personalities, have attracted much research interest over the past decades. Variation along common personality traits, such as boldness or exploration, is often associated with risk-reward Trade-Offs. Individuals that are bolder and hence take more risks may be more successful in acquiring resources over the short term. Cautious individuals taking fewer risks may, on the other hand, live longer, but may also gather fewer resources over the short term. According to recent theory, individual differences in personality may be functionally related to individual differences in cognitive performance (i.e., the way in which individuals acquire or use information). Individual differences in the acquisition speed of cognitively challenging tasks are often associated with a Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off. Accuracy can be improved by investing more time in the decision-making process or, conversely, decisions can be made more quickly at the cost of making more mistakes. Hence, the Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off often involves a risk-reward Trade-Off. We tested whether 3 personality traits, boldness, activity, and aggressiveness, are correlated with individual learning, associative learning speed, and behavioral flexibility as assessed by reversal learning in wild cavies (Cavia aperea). We found strong positive relationships between all personality traits and learning speed, whereas flexibility was negatively associated with aggressiveness. Our results support the hypothesis that performance reflects individual differences in personality in a predictable way.
John Doyle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fitts law for speed accuracy trade off is a diversity sweet spot in sensorimotor control
2019Co-Authors: Yorie Nakahira, Quanying Liu, Terrence J Sejnowski, John DoyleAbstract:Human sensorimotor control exhibits remarkable speed and accuracy, as celebrated in Fitts' law for reaching. Much less studied is how this is possible despite being implemented by neurons and muscle components with severe Speed-Accuracy tradeoffs (SATs). Here we develop a theory that connects the SATs at the system and hardware levels, and use it to explain Fitts' law for reaching and related laws. These results show that diversity between hardware components can be exploited to achieve both fast and accurate control performance using slow or inaccurate hardware. Such “diversity sweet spots'' (DSSs) are ubiquitous in biology and technology, and explain why large heterogeneities exist in biological and technical components and how both engineers and natural selection routinely evolve fast and accurate systems from imperfect hardware.
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fitts law for speed accuracy trade off describes a diversity enabled sweet spot in sensorimotor control
arXiv: Signal Processing, 2019Co-Authors: Yorie Nakahira, Quanying Liu, Terrence J Sejnowski, John DoyleAbstract:Human sensorimotor control exhibits remarkable speed and accuracy, and the tradeoff between them is encapsulated in Fitts' Law for reaching and pointing. While Fitts related this to Shannon's channel capacity theorem, despite widespread study of Fitts' Law, a theory that connects implementation of sensorimotor control at the system and hardware level has not emerged. Here we describe a theory that connects hardware (neurons and muscles with inherent severe Speed-Accuracy tradeoffs) with system level control to explain Fitts' Law for reaching and related laws. The results supporting the theory show that diversity between hardware components is exploited to achieve both fast and accurate control performance despite slow or inaccurate hardware. Such "diversity-enabled sweet spots" (DESSs) are ubiquitous in biology and technology, and explain why large heterogeneities exist in biological and technical components and how both engineers and natural selection routinely evolve fast and accurate systems using imperfect hardware.
