The Experts below are selected from a list of 12 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Anja K E Horn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a central mesencephalic reticular formation projection to the edinger westphal nuclei
    Brain Structure & Function, 2016
    Co-Authors: Susan Warren, Martin O Bohlen, Miriam Barnerssoi, Anja K E Horn
    Abstract:

    The central mesencephalic reticular formation, a region associated with horizontal gaze control, has recently been shown to project to the supraoculomotor area in primates. The Edinger–Westphal nucleus is found within the supraoculomotor area. It has two functionally and anatomically distinct divisions: (1) the preganglionic division, which contains motoneurons that control both the actions of the ciliary Muscle, which focuses the lens, and the Sphincter Pupillae Muscle, which constricts the iris, and (2) the centrally projecting division, which contains peptidergic neurons that play a role in food and fluid intake, and in stress responses. In this study, we used neuroanatomical tracers in conjunction with immunohistochemistry in Macaca fascicularis monkeys to examine whether either of these Edinger–Westphal divisions receives synaptic input from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. Anterogradely labeled reticular axons were observed making numerous boutonal associations with the cholinergic, preganglionic motoneurons of the Edinger–Westphal nucleus. These associations were confirmed to be synaptic contacts through the use of confocal and electron microscopic analysis. The latter indicated that these terminals generally contained pleomorphic vesicles and displayed symmetric, synaptic densities. Examination of urocortin-1-positive cells in the same cases revealed fewer examples of unambiguous synaptic relationships, suggesting the centrally projecting Edinger–Westphal nucleus is not the primary target of the projection from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. We conclude from these data that the central mesencephalic reticular formation must play a here-to-for unexpected role in control of the near triad (vergence, lens accommodation and pupillary constriction), which is used to examine objects in near space.

Paul J. May - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The pupillary and ciliary components of the cat Edinger-Westphal nucleus: a transsynaptic transport investigation
    Visual neuroscience, 2002
    Co-Authors: Jonathan T. Erichsen, Paul J. May
    Abstract:

    The distribution of preganglionic motoneurons supplying the ciliary ganglion in the cat was defined both qualitatively and quantitatively. These cells were retrogradely labeled directly, following injections of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) into the ciliary ganglion, or were transsynaptically labeled following injections of WGA into the vitreous chamber. Almost half of the cells are distributed rostral to the oculomotor nucleus, both in and lateral to the anteromedian nucleus. Of the remaining preganglionic motoneurons, roughly 20% of the total are located dorsal to the oculomotor nucleus. Strikingly few of these neurons are actually found within the Edinger-Westphal nucleus proper. Instead, the majority are found in the adjacent supraoculomotor area or along the midline between the two somatic nuclei. An additional population, roughly 30% of the total, is located ventral to the oculomotor nucleus. This study also provides evidence for a functional subdivision of this preganglionic population. Pupil-related preganglionic motoneurons were transsynaptically labeled by injecting WGA into the anterior chamber, while lens-related preganglionic motoneurons were transsynaptically labeled by injecting WGA into the ciliary Muscle. The results suggest that the pupil-related preganglionic motoneurons, that is, those controlling the iris Sphincter Pupillae Muscle, are located rostrally, in and lateral to the anteromedian nucleus. In contrast, lens-related preganglionic motoneurons, that is, those controlling the ciliary Muscle are particularly prevalent caudally, both dorsal and ventral to the oculomotor nucleus. Thus, the cat intraocular Muscle preganglionic innervation is spatially organized with respect to function, despite the dispersed nature of its distribution.

Susan Warren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a central mesencephalic reticular formation projection to the edinger westphal nuclei
    Brain Structure & Function, 2016
    Co-Authors: Susan Warren, Martin O Bohlen, Miriam Barnerssoi, Anja K E Horn
    Abstract:

    The central mesencephalic reticular formation, a region associated with horizontal gaze control, has recently been shown to project to the supraoculomotor area in primates. The Edinger–Westphal nucleus is found within the supraoculomotor area. It has two functionally and anatomically distinct divisions: (1) the preganglionic division, which contains motoneurons that control both the actions of the ciliary Muscle, which focuses the lens, and the Sphincter Pupillae Muscle, which constricts the iris, and (2) the centrally projecting division, which contains peptidergic neurons that play a role in food and fluid intake, and in stress responses. In this study, we used neuroanatomical tracers in conjunction with immunohistochemistry in Macaca fascicularis monkeys to examine whether either of these Edinger–Westphal divisions receives synaptic input from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. Anterogradely labeled reticular axons were observed making numerous boutonal associations with the cholinergic, preganglionic motoneurons of the Edinger–Westphal nucleus. These associations were confirmed to be synaptic contacts through the use of confocal and electron microscopic analysis. The latter indicated that these terminals generally contained pleomorphic vesicles and displayed symmetric, synaptic densities. Examination of urocortin-1-positive cells in the same cases revealed fewer examples of unambiguous synaptic relationships, suggesting the centrally projecting Edinger–Westphal nucleus is not the primary target of the projection from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. We conclude from these data that the central mesencephalic reticular formation must play a here-to-for unexpected role in control of the near triad (vergence, lens accommodation and pupillary constriction), which is used to examine objects in near space.

Jonathan T. Erichsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The pupillary and ciliary components of the cat Edinger-Westphal nucleus: a transsynaptic transport investigation
    Visual neuroscience, 2002
    Co-Authors: Jonathan T. Erichsen, Paul J. May
    Abstract:

    The distribution of preganglionic motoneurons supplying the ciliary ganglion in the cat was defined both qualitatively and quantitatively. These cells were retrogradely labeled directly, following injections of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) into the ciliary ganglion, or were transsynaptically labeled following injections of WGA into the vitreous chamber. Almost half of the cells are distributed rostral to the oculomotor nucleus, both in and lateral to the anteromedian nucleus. Of the remaining preganglionic motoneurons, roughly 20% of the total are located dorsal to the oculomotor nucleus. Strikingly few of these neurons are actually found within the Edinger-Westphal nucleus proper. Instead, the majority are found in the adjacent supraoculomotor area or along the midline between the two somatic nuclei. An additional population, roughly 30% of the total, is located ventral to the oculomotor nucleus. This study also provides evidence for a functional subdivision of this preganglionic population. Pupil-related preganglionic motoneurons were transsynaptically labeled by injecting WGA into the anterior chamber, while lens-related preganglionic motoneurons were transsynaptically labeled by injecting WGA into the ciliary Muscle. The results suggest that the pupil-related preganglionic motoneurons, that is, those controlling the iris Sphincter Pupillae Muscle, are located rostrally, in and lateral to the anteromedian nucleus. In contrast, lens-related preganglionic motoneurons, that is, those controlling the ciliary Muscle are particularly prevalent caudally, both dorsal and ventral to the oculomotor nucleus. Thus, the cat intraocular Muscle preganglionic innervation is spatially organized with respect to function, despite the dispersed nature of its distribution.

Martin O Bohlen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a central mesencephalic reticular formation projection to the edinger westphal nuclei
    Brain Structure & Function, 2016
    Co-Authors: Susan Warren, Martin O Bohlen, Miriam Barnerssoi, Anja K E Horn
    Abstract:

    The central mesencephalic reticular formation, a region associated with horizontal gaze control, has recently been shown to project to the supraoculomotor area in primates. The Edinger–Westphal nucleus is found within the supraoculomotor area. It has two functionally and anatomically distinct divisions: (1) the preganglionic division, which contains motoneurons that control both the actions of the ciliary Muscle, which focuses the lens, and the Sphincter Pupillae Muscle, which constricts the iris, and (2) the centrally projecting division, which contains peptidergic neurons that play a role in food and fluid intake, and in stress responses. In this study, we used neuroanatomical tracers in conjunction with immunohistochemistry in Macaca fascicularis monkeys to examine whether either of these Edinger–Westphal divisions receives synaptic input from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. Anterogradely labeled reticular axons were observed making numerous boutonal associations with the cholinergic, preganglionic motoneurons of the Edinger–Westphal nucleus. These associations were confirmed to be synaptic contacts through the use of confocal and electron microscopic analysis. The latter indicated that these terminals generally contained pleomorphic vesicles and displayed symmetric, synaptic densities. Examination of urocortin-1-positive cells in the same cases revealed fewer examples of unambiguous synaptic relationships, suggesting the centrally projecting Edinger–Westphal nucleus is not the primary target of the projection from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. We conclude from these data that the central mesencephalic reticular formation must play a here-to-for unexpected role in control of the near triad (vergence, lens accommodation and pupillary constriction), which is used to examine objects in near space.