The Experts below are selected from a list of 825 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Patrick R. Hof - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spindle Neurons of the human anterior cingulate cortex.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 1995Co-Authors: Esther A. Nimchinsky, Brent A. Vogt, John H. Morrison, Patrick R. HofAbstract:The human anterior cingulate cortex is distinguished by the presence of an unusual cell type, a large Spindle Neuron in layer Vb. This cell has been noted numerous times in the historical literature but has not been studied with modern neuroanatomic techniques. For instance, details regarding the Neuronal class to which these cells belong and regarding their precise distribution along both ventrodorsal and anteroposterior axes of the cingulate gyrus are still lacking. In the present study, morphological features and the anatomic distribution of this cell type were studied using computer-assisted mapping and immunocytochemical techniques. Spindle Neurons are restricted to the subfields of the anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann's area 24), exhibiting a greater density in anterior portions of this area than in posterior portions, and tapering off in the transition zone between anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. Furthermore, a majority of the Spindle cells at any level is located in subarea 24b on the gyral surface. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the neurofilament protein triple was present in a large percentage of these Neurons and that they did not contain calcium-binding proteins. Injections of the carbocyanine dye DiI into the cingulum bundle revealed that these cells are projection Neurons. Finally, Spindle cells were consistently affected in Alzheimer's disease cases, with an overall loss of about 60%. Taken together, these observations indicate that the Spindle cells of the human cingulate cortex represent a morphological subpopulation of pyramidal Neurons whose restricted distribution may be associated with functionally distinct areas.
Esther A. Nimchinsky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spindle Neurons of the human anterior cingulate cortex.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 1995Co-Authors: Esther A. Nimchinsky, Brent A. Vogt, John H. Morrison, Patrick R. HofAbstract:The human anterior cingulate cortex is distinguished by the presence of an unusual cell type, a large Spindle Neuron in layer Vb. This cell has been noted numerous times in the historical literature but has not been studied with modern neuroanatomic techniques. For instance, details regarding the Neuronal class to which these cells belong and regarding their precise distribution along both ventrodorsal and anteroposterior axes of the cingulate gyrus are still lacking. In the present study, morphological features and the anatomic distribution of this cell type were studied using computer-assisted mapping and immunocytochemical techniques. Spindle Neurons are restricted to the subfields of the anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann's area 24), exhibiting a greater density in anterior portions of this area than in posterior portions, and tapering off in the transition zone between anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. Furthermore, a majority of the Spindle cells at any level is located in subarea 24b on the gyral surface. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the neurofilament protein triple was present in a large percentage of these Neurons and that they did not contain calcium-binding proteins. Injections of the carbocyanine dye DiI into the cingulum bundle revealed that these cells are projection Neurons. Finally, Spindle cells were consistently affected in Alzheimer's disease cases, with an overall loss of about 60%. Taken together, these observations indicate that the Spindle cells of the human cingulate cortex represent a morphological subpopulation of pyramidal Neurons whose restricted distribution may be associated with functionally distinct areas.
Karli Watson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Two Phylogenetic Specializations
2014Co-Authors: Atiya Y. Hakeem, John Allman, Karli Watson, In The Human BrainAbstract:In this study, two anatomical specializations of the brain in apes and humans are considered. One of these is a whole cortical area located in the frontal polar cortex (Brodmann’s area 10), and the other is a morphologically distinctive cell type, the Spindle Neuron of the anterior cingulate cortex. The authors suggest that the Spindle cells may relay to other parts of the brain—especially to area 10, the outcome of processing within the anterior cingulate cortex. This relay conveys the motivation to act. It particularly concerns the recognition of having committed an error that leads to the initiation of adaptive responses to these adverse events so as to reduce error commission. This capacity is related to the development of self-control as an individual matures and gains social insight. Although the anterior cingulate deals with the individual’s immediate response to changing conditions, area 10 is involved in the retrieval of memories from the individual’s past experience and the capacity to plan adaptive responses. The authors suggest that these neurobehavioral specializations are crucial aspects of intelligence as defined as the capacity to make adaptive responses to changing conditions. The authors further hypothesize that these specializations facilitated the evolution of the unique capacity for the intergenerational transfer of the food and information characteristic of human extended families. NEUROSCIENTIST 8(4):335–346, 200
Brent A. Vogt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spindle Neurons of the human anterior cingulate cortex.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 1995Co-Authors: Esther A. Nimchinsky, Brent A. Vogt, John H. Morrison, Patrick R. HofAbstract:The human anterior cingulate cortex is distinguished by the presence of an unusual cell type, a large Spindle Neuron in layer Vb. This cell has been noted numerous times in the historical literature but has not been studied with modern neuroanatomic techniques. For instance, details regarding the Neuronal class to which these cells belong and regarding their precise distribution along both ventrodorsal and anteroposterior axes of the cingulate gyrus are still lacking. In the present study, morphological features and the anatomic distribution of this cell type were studied using computer-assisted mapping and immunocytochemical techniques. Spindle Neurons are restricted to the subfields of the anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann's area 24), exhibiting a greater density in anterior portions of this area than in posterior portions, and tapering off in the transition zone between anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. Furthermore, a majority of the Spindle cells at any level is located in subarea 24b on the gyral surface. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the neurofilament protein triple was present in a large percentage of these Neurons and that they did not contain calcium-binding proteins. Injections of the carbocyanine dye DiI into the cingulum bundle revealed that these cells are projection Neurons. Finally, Spindle cells were consistently affected in Alzheimer's disease cases, with an overall loss of about 60%. Taken together, these observations indicate that the Spindle cells of the human cingulate cortex represent a morphological subpopulation of pyramidal Neurons whose restricted distribution may be associated with functionally distinct areas.
John H. Morrison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spindle Neurons of the human anterior cingulate cortex.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 1995Co-Authors: Esther A. Nimchinsky, Brent A. Vogt, John H. Morrison, Patrick R. HofAbstract:The human anterior cingulate cortex is distinguished by the presence of an unusual cell type, a large Spindle Neuron in layer Vb. This cell has been noted numerous times in the historical literature but has not been studied with modern neuroanatomic techniques. For instance, details regarding the Neuronal class to which these cells belong and regarding their precise distribution along both ventrodorsal and anteroposterior axes of the cingulate gyrus are still lacking. In the present study, morphological features and the anatomic distribution of this cell type were studied using computer-assisted mapping and immunocytochemical techniques. Spindle Neurons are restricted to the subfields of the anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann's area 24), exhibiting a greater density in anterior portions of this area than in posterior portions, and tapering off in the transition zone between anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. Furthermore, a majority of the Spindle cells at any level is located in subarea 24b on the gyral surface. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the neurofilament protein triple was present in a large percentage of these Neurons and that they did not contain calcium-binding proteins. Injections of the carbocyanine dye DiI into the cingulum bundle revealed that these cells are projection Neurons. Finally, Spindle cells were consistently affected in Alzheimer's disease cases, with an overall loss of about 60%. Taken together, these observations indicate that the Spindle cells of the human cingulate cortex represent a morphological subpopulation of pyramidal Neurons whose restricted distribution may be associated with functionally distinct areas.