The Experts below are selected from a list of 282 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hannah C Kinney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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white matter Spongiosis with vigabatrin therapy for infantile spasms
Epilepsia, 2018Co-Authors: Phillip L Pearl, Annapurna Poduri, Sanjay P Prabhu, Chellamani Harini, Richard Goldstein, Richard M Atkinson, Dawna L Armstrong, Hannah C KinneyAbstract:The histopathology, "white matter Spongiosis," defined by electron microscopy (EM) as "intramyelinic edema," has been associated with vigabatrin therapy in various animal models, but its role or significance in clinical studies is unknown. We conducted a neuropathological examination on a 27-month-old boy with bilateral polymicrogyria and epilepsy after sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The patient was initiated on vigabatrin at 4 months of age, which controlled infantile spasms, and was continued as maintenance therapy. Autopsy showed a combination of developmental and acquired lesions: (1) bilateral gyral malformations of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and insular cortex; (2) agenesis of the olfactory tracts and bulbs; (3) hippocampal abnormalities: dentate gyrus bilamination and granule cell dispersion; and (4) areas of microscopic bilateral, symmetric white matter Spongiosis in the brainstem central tegmental tract, amiculum and hilum of the inferior olive, medial longitudinal fasciculus, paragigantocellularis lateralis, optic nerves and chiasm, and hypothalamus. The white matter Spongiosis was identical to the histopathologic lesions (which by EM exhibited intramyelinic edema) that were demonstrated in animal models on vigabatrin therapy, indicating that vigabatrin toxicity is not restricted to animal models.
Phillip L Pearl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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white matter Spongiosis with vigabatrin therapy for infantile spasms
Epilepsia, 2018Co-Authors: Phillip L Pearl, Annapurna Poduri, Sanjay P Prabhu, Chellamani Harini, Richard Goldstein, Richard M Atkinson, Dawna L Armstrong, Hannah C KinneyAbstract:The histopathology, "white matter Spongiosis," defined by electron microscopy (EM) as "intramyelinic edema," has been associated with vigabatrin therapy in various animal models, but its role or significance in clinical studies is unknown. We conducted a neuropathological examination on a 27-month-old boy with bilateral polymicrogyria and epilepsy after sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The patient was initiated on vigabatrin at 4 months of age, which controlled infantile spasms, and was continued as maintenance therapy. Autopsy showed a combination of developmental and acquired lesions: (1) bilateral gyral malformations of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and insular cortex; (2) agenesis of the olfactory tracts and bulbs; (3) hippocampal abnormalities: dentate gyrus bilamination and granule cell dispersion; and (4) areas of microscopic bilateral, symmetric white matter Spongiosis in the brainstem central tegmental tract, amiculum and hilum of the inferior olive, medial longitudinal fasciculus, paragigantocellularis lateralis, optic nerves and chiasm, and hypothalamus. The white matter Spongiosis was identical to the histopathologic lesions (which by EM exhibited intramyelinic edema) that were demonstrated in animal models on vigabatrin therapy, indicating that vigabatrin toxicity is not restricted to animal models.
Jane M Grantkels - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neutrophilic Spongiosis in pemphigus
Archives of Dermatology, 1996Co-Authors: Diane M Hoss, Christopher R Shea, Jane M GrantkelsAbstract:Background: Acantholysis is the histologic hallmark in the diagnosis of all forms of pemphigus. However, biopsy specimens of early lesions may lack acantholysis and show only eosinophils in the epidermis in areas of Spongiosis (eosinophilic Spongiosis). We report two cases of pemphigus foliaceus and two cases of unclassified pemphigus (foliaceus vs vulgaris) in which neutrophilic Spongiosis was the prominent histologic finding. Observations: Four patients developed blistering skin disorders that spared the mucous membranes. Skin biopsy specimens in all four patients showed striking infiltration of neutrophils into the epidermis. Acantholysis was focal and was absent in some sections. Direct immunofluorescence demonstrated intercellular deposition of IgG and C3 within the epidermis in all cases. There was no IgA deposition. Gram's stains were negative for bacteria in three cases and revealed Grampositive cocci overlying an eroded area in one case. However, the neutrophilic Spongiosis in this case extended well beyond the area of impetiginization. Conclusions: The histologic differential diagnosis ofneutrophils in the epidermis includes pustular psoriasis, subcorneal pustular dermatosis, intraepidermal neutrophilic IgA dermatosis, superficial IgA pemphigus, toxic shock syndrome, Sweet's syndrome, and superficial fungal and bacterial infections. We conclude that pemphigus be added to this differential diagnosis and recommend direct immunofluorescence when neutrophilic Spongiosis is observed. (Arch Dermatol. 1996;132;315-318)
Peter Bannasch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comments on r karbe and r l kerlin 2002 cystic degeneration Spongiosis hepatis toxicol pathol 30 2 216 227
Toxicologic Pathology, 2003Co-Authors: Peter BannaschAbstract:Karbe and Kerlin have questioned the classification of Spongiosis hepatis as a preneoplastic lesion or even a benign neoplasm, designated as spongiotic pericytoma, and have proposed to use the term cystic degeneration for this lesion in rats and fish. However, the reclassification of Spongiosis as cystic degeneration is unwarranted for several reasons. In the rat, Spongiosis hepatis represents a specific pathomorphologic entity, originating from the perisinusoidal (Ito) cells; it may occur spontaneously in aged animals but its number and size increases significantly after exposure to various (hepato)carcinogens. Comparative morphological, immunohistochemical, and autoradiographic studies in rats exposed to N-nitrosomorpholine revealed that Spongiosis hepatis is an integral part of larger proliferative Ito-cell aggregates showing an autonomous, progressive growth. The classification of Spongiosis hepatis as a benign neoplasm is based on these findings that endorse and extend previous considerations on the preneoplastic or neoplastic nature of this lesion. Irrespective of the classification of Spongiosis hepatis as a benign neoplastic or a preneoplastic lesion, there is compelling evidence for its reliability as a sensitive marker for (hepato)carcinogenic effects in rats and fish. The data collected by Karbe and Kerlin support rather than contradict the reliability of Spongiosis hepatis as an effect marker for carcinogens.
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Spongiosis hepatis and spongiotic pericytoma rat
1997Co-Authors: Peter Bannasch, Heide ZerbanAbstract:As a rule, the lesions of Spongiosis are not visible with the naked eye. However, advanced lesions of this type may look like cysts at the macroscopic level.
Vladimir Hachinski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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diffuse vacuolization Spongiosis and arteriolosclerosis in the frontal white matter occurs in vascular dementia
JAMA Neurology, 1996Co-Authors: Timo Erkinjuntti, Matti Haltia, Oscar R Benavente, Michael Eliasziw, David G Munoz, Raimo Sulkava, Vladimir HachinskiAbstract:Objective: To examine quantitatively white-matter changes at different sites in patients with definite vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Design: Prospective clinical and neuropathological series. Setting: University hospital clinics (Helsinki, Finland, and London, Ontario). Subjects: Twenty-two patients with a clinical and neuropathological diagnosis of vascular dementia and 20 patients with Alzheimer's disease. Measures: The frequencies of focal white-matter lesions, arteriolosclerosis, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy were assessed. Validated ratings and cell counts were done in the subcortical U-fiber, centrum semiovale, and periventricular areas of the frontal white matter. Degrees of abnormality (none, mild, moderate, severe) were rated for Spongiosis (vacuolization of white matter), etat crible (wideningof perivascular spaces), myelin loss, oligodendrocyte density, axonal loss, and overall. Densities of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes (cells per square millimeter) were determined. Results: Patients with vascular dementia showed focal white-matter lesions and arteriolosclerosis more often than patients with Alzheimer's disease. The patients with vascular dementia also had significantly greater Spongiosis (P Conclusion: In addition to focal infarcts, patients with vascular dementia showed widespread diffuse changes, including Spongiosis and arteriolosclerosis, along with etat crible and myelin loss. White-matter changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease could not be related to infarction. Pathologic changes in small blood vessels are associated with diffuse white-matter changes and may have a distinct role in the genesis of vascular dementia.
