The Experts below are selected from a list of 30 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Preti A - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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School shooting as a culturally enforced way of expressing suicidal hostile intentions
2008Co-Authors: Preti AAbstract:Suicide with hostile intent encompasses a wide range of behaviors, from self-Killing by methods that can harm others, to the suicide that generally follows a Spree-Killing raid. Reports on school shooting, a highly dangerous and lethal behavior that is spreading from North America to European countries, are analyzed within the paradigm of suicide with hostile intent, with the purpose of discovering some elements that might prevent and limit the dissemination of this behavior by imitation. In school shooting, the perpetrators often register a message before their Killing raid, as in an ancient form of suicidal assault, the devotio, that was widespread across ancient Mediterranean Roman, Greek, and Hebrew cultures. The development of a code of rules to report on these episodes, likely to attract the interest of the population for their bloody implications, could prevent the dissemination of cultural norms that encourage this behavior
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Suicide to harass others: clues from mythology to understanding suicide bombing attacks
'Hogrefe Publishing Group', 2006Co-Authors: Preti AAbstract:Suicide by revenge, the Samsonic suicide, and the suicide by devotio, all described in classical mythology and also reported in the ethnographic literature, belong to the same class of suicidal behaviors as kamikaze suicide and the suicide bombing attack: suicide to harass and burden others or suicide with a hostile intent. The lack of a social dimension to share in a positive manner may lead an individual to integrate him/herself in another social structure, e.g., a military organization, which allows the individual to express his/her desires and personal identity only by destroying others and themselves. The dynamics of these forms of suicide are also likely to work in other displays of life-threatening behavior, such as family annihilation, mass murder, and Spree Killing. A more thorough investigation of the dynamics operating in suicide bombing attacks could, therefore, contribute to preventative strategies against violence at large
Antonio Preti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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School Shooting as a Culturally Enforced Way of Expressing Suicidal Hostile Intentions
2015Co-Authors: Antonio PretiAbstract:Suicide with hostile intent encompasses a wide range of behaviors, from self-Killing by methods that can harm others, to the suicide that generally follows a Spree-Killing raid. Reports on school shooting, a highly dangerous and lethal behavior that is spreading from North America to European countries, are analyzed within the paradigm of suicide with hostile intent, with the purpose of discovering some elements that might prevent and limit the dissemination of this behavior by imitation. In school shooting, the perpetrators often register a message before their Killing raid, as in an ancient form of suicidal assault, the devotio, that was widespread across ancient Mediterranean Roman, Greek, and Hebrew cultures. The development of a code of rules to report on these episodes, likely to attract the interest of the population for their bloody implications, could prevent the dissemination of cultural norms that encourage this behavior. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 36:544–50, 2008 Suicide with hostile intent encompasses a wide range of behaviors, from self-Killing by methods that can harm others (use of explosives, car driving), to the suicide that generally follows a Spree-Killing raid.1 The major determinant of these forms of lethal be
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Homicide in Italy
Handbook of European Homicide Research, 2011Co-Authors: Antonio Preti, Annalisa MacciòAbstract:In this chapter, the epidemiology of homicide in Italy is detailed. Sources of data are the mortality tables of the World Health Organization (1979–2003), the records on death by homicide of the Italian National Institute of Statistics (1946 till today), and the information archived by the EURES, a database specifically dealing with homicide, active in Italy since 1990. Data on victims will be analyzed by sex, age, and geographical location. Data on aggressor will be presented according to judiciary investigations. Details will be offered on special topics, such as infanticide, parricide, and matricide, homicide by the partner, murder-suicide, Spree Killing, and serial Killing. The role of mental disorders in both the victim and the assailant will be reviewed. Additional information will be detailed about aggressor–victim relationship, by distinguishing familial kinship, romantic affair (including domestic violence), friendship, and none (as often but not always in robbery). Prevention of homicide in Italy is mainly expressed through police investigation, aimed at reducing the risk of homicide by robbery, by vengeance, and by criminal organizations such as the “mafia.” In the last decade, more attention has been paid to the role of intra-domestic violence as a risk factor for homicide, and specific programs were addressed to reduce the incidence and the consequence of infant abuse and domestic violence. The role of mental disorders and substance abuse as risk factors for homicide is still poorly recognized, but greater attention is paid to mental health issues than in the past.
Green Michelle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Cumbria Spree Killing:how mobility affects the policing of critical incidents
'Emerald', 2014Co-Authors: Kirby Stuart, Graham Jerry, Green MichelleAbstract:Purpose – Spree Killing impacts significantly on emergency services and is becoming more prevalent across the world. The purpose of this paper is to explore the Cumbrian Spree Killing, which resulted in the fatal shooting of 12 people with a further 11 wounded. This study highlights why these events are so difficult to manage in an attempt to assist policy makers and practitioners deal with them more effectively. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative methodology was used, examining open source information and internal police documentation. This was supported by semi-structured interviews with command staff (three), and questionnaires involving a representative group of police staff (11), who were all deployed on the incident. Findings – This case study mirrored the characteristics of many other Spree Killings. The sophistication of the killer, together with the speed of mobility, significantly increases the challenges posed to the police, specifically in terms of: deployment, decision making, interoperability and managing the media. Further, it questions the effectiveness of normal command and control management approaches that are typically used in these situations. Practical implications – Spree Killing (active shooter) events are increasing across the globe. This study highlights the critical challenges to be dealt with. It argues a more innovative inter-agency paradigm is needed to deal with crimes in action. Originality/value – There are few academic papers in relation to Spree Killing. This paper analyses the factors that impact upon the effectiveness of the police response
Frederic Lemieux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of gun culture and firearm laws on gun violence and mass shootings in the united states a multi level quantitative analysis
International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Frederic LemieuxAbstract:IntroductionGovernment officials and public opinion have been seriously challenged over the past decades regarding the occurrence and frequency of public mass shootings in the United States. A report published by the Congressional Research Service (Bjelopera et al., 2013) estimates that at least 78 public mass shootings transpired between 1983 and 2012. Together, these violent incidents have resulted in more than 540 casualties and injured approximately 480 persons. However, these mass shootings are not equally distributed over time and there is indication that in fact, the frequency of this type of incident has accelerated in the past five years and broadly shows a sharp positive trend per decade since the early 20th century. Despite the gruesome and overwhelming consequences, mass shootings are now becoming the subject of a major debate on a new national law to address the problem.Federal agencies, local law enforcement, police officer associations, public safety groups, medical associations, disaster response and public health preparedness groups, as well as academics are invested in looking at public mass shootings to better understand how to effectively prevent these violent tragedies. In December 2012, after the mass shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, the debate on gun control reached a peak with the creation of a presidential task force charged with recommending solutions to the problem of public mass shootings and, more broadly, to gun violence. During these discussions, two main positions were opposing each other. First, the status quo is argued for the protection of the Second Amendment and the assertion that gun violence in America is mainly a problem of violent culture with calling for more situational solutions (e.g., armed guards in public places, school, etc.). The other side of debate calls for more enforcement and greater restriction for gun accessibility (background checks) and the restriction of certain types of military style weapons and large ammunition capacity (Faria, 2013).These two opposing positions on gun control certainly have theoretical foundations, and the purpose of this paper is to scrutinize each side's merits through a multi-level approach. In the next sections, the nature of mass shootings will be addressed along with the literature related to gun control, gun violence, and gun culture. The methodology section explains how information related to this research was collected, structured, and analyzed. The analysis section examines the relationship between gun control laws, gun culture, and gun violence in general as well as with mass shooting in particular. This analytical design is based on a multi-level, cross-sectional analysis, which includes the macro level (cross-national comparison), the meso level (cross-state comparison), and the micro level (case comparison). The paper also discusses the implications for future policies.Review of LiteratureUnderstanding Public Mass ShootingsFirst, it is crucial to identify and define mass shootings and mass shooters. According to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), an active shooter is defined as "an individual actively engaged in Killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area." In its definition, DHS notes that "in most cases, active shooters use firearms(s) and there is no pattern or method to their selection of victims."2 The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) provides a more operational categorization where public mass shootings happen when four or more people are killed by one or more murderer(s) in a particular location with no cooling-off period between the murders. The FBI distinguishes public mass Killing from Spree Killing in which one murderer (or more) kills several persons in different geographical areas with no cooling-off period. The Spree Killing and mass shootings differ from the serial murder because of a lack of cooling-off period and because of the fact that serial killers rarely kill more than one person at a time. …
Michelle Green - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the cumbria Spree Killing how mobility affects the policing of critical incidents
International Journal of Emergency Services, 2014Co-Authors: Stuart Kirby, Jerry Graham, Michelle GreenAbstract:Purpose – Spree Killing impacts significantly on emergency services and is becoming more prevalent across the world. The purpose of this paper is to explore the Cumbrian Spree Killing, which resulted in the fatal shooting of 12 people with a further 11 wounded. This study highlights why these events are so difficult to manage in an attempt to assist policy makers and practitioners deal with them more effectively. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative methodology was used, examining open source information and internal police documentation. This was supported by semi-structured interviews with command staff (three), and questionnaires involving a representative group of police staff (11), who were all deployed on the incident. Findings – This case study mirrored the characteristics of many other Spree Killings. The sophistication of the killer, together with the speed of mobility, significantly increases the challenges posed to the police, specifically in terms of: deployment, decision making, intero...