The Experts below are selected from a list of 207 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hiroshi Saito - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Chromosomal and extrachromosomal synthesis of exfoliative toxin from Staphylococcus Hyicus.
Journal of bacteriology, 2000Co-Authors: Hisaaki Sato, Takao Watanabe, Chikara Aizawa, Hirofumi Danbara, Hiroshi Saito, Yasuko Murata, Ayumi Ohtake, Kohichi Higuchi, Kuniaki Teruya, Nobutoshi MaeharaAbstract:Staphylococcus Hyicus is known to be a causative agent of exudative epidermitis (EE) in pigs (28). EE is a generalized infection of the skin characterized by greasy exudation, exfoliation, and vesicle formation (7, 13). Amtsberg (1) has shown that the culture filtrate of S. Hyicus contains an exotoxin that causes exfoliation in piglets. He has also suggested that the exfoliative activity of this exotoxin is similar to the exfoliative toxin (ET) produced by Staphylococcus aureus. We isolated this exotoxin from the culture supernatant of S. Hyicus P-1 and designated it SHET (26). In 1993, we described some of the characteristics of purified SHET from the culture supernatant of S. Hyicus (29). The molecular mass of SHET was estimated to be 27 kDa, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and it was determined that SHET differs from ETA and ETB in antigenicity and animal susceptibility (29). We have recently reported that the SHET-producing strain of S. Hyicus causes EE in pigs while the non-SHET-producing strain does not and that SHET can be divided into more than two serotypes (30; H. Sato, T. Tanabe, T. Watanabe, K. Teruya, A. Ohtake, H. Saito, and N. Maehara, Proc. 14th IPVS Cong. Italy, p. 339, 1996). Andresen et al. (2, 3) have also reported that SHET has many serotypes. In this study, we detected the large plasmid in several strains of S. Hyicus. We then confirmed the antigenic differences between SHETs from the plasmid-carrying strain and the plasmidless strain and between the SHET-producing ability of the plasmid-carrying strain and its plasmid-cured substrains.
-
New Exfoliative Toxin Produced by a Plasmid-Carrying Strain of Staphylococcus Hyicus
Infection and immunity, 1999Co-Authors: Hisaaki Sato, Takao Watanabe, Chikara Aizawa, Hiroshi Saito, Yasuko Murata, Ayumi Ohtake, Mayumi Nakamura, Nobutoshi MaeharaAbstract:A new serotype of Staphylococcus Hyicus exfoliative toxin (SHET), serotype B, was isolated from the culture filtrate of a plasmid-carrying strain of S. Hyicus. The new SHET was purified by precipitation with 70% saturated ammonium sulfate, gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column, column chromatography on DEAE‐ Cellulofine A-500, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The new SHET caused exfoliation of the epidermis as determined by the so-called Nikolsky sign when inoculated into 1-day-old chickens. The new SHET was serologically different from Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxins (ETs) (ETA, ETB, and ETC) and from the SHET from the plasmidless strain but showed the same molecular weight as the other serotypes of toxins on SDS-PAGE. It was thermolabile and lost its toxicity after being heated at 60°C for 30 min. We propose that the new SHET be designated SHETB and that the SHET produced by the plasmidless strain be designated SHETA. Staphylococcus Hyicus is the causative agent of exudative epidermitis (EE) in pigs (22). EE is a generalized infection of the skin characterized by greasy exudation, exfoliation, and vesicle formation (5, 11). Sato et al. (19) have isolated an exotoxin from the culture supernatant of S. Hyicus P-1 and designated it S. Hyicus exfoliative toxin (SHET). The molecular mass of SHET has been estimated to be 27 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and it differs from Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxins (ETs) ETA, ETB, and ETC in its antigenicity and in the susceptible animal species (18, 24). Recently, we have confirmed that SHET-producing strains result in clinical signs of EE, whereas non-SHET-producing strains do not cause any clinical signs of EE (25). These findings suggest that SHET, with a molecular mass of 27 kDa, is a causative factor of EE and causes intraepidermal splitting in the granular layer of the epidermis, similar to the case for ETA, ETB, and ETC. However, it differs from ETA, ETB, and ETC in its antigenicity and in the susceptible animal species. We have recently identified a new serotype of SHET, serotype B (SHETB), from field isolates of S. Hyicus (20, 25). All of the SHETB-producing strains possess large plasmids as well as the 42-kb plasmid of the ETB-producing strains, and their plasmid-cured substrains have lost their SHET-producing ability (20). In the present paper we describe the antigenicity and some properties of purified SHETB.
-
Possible receptor for exfoliative toxins produced by Staphylococcus Hyicus and Staphylococcus aureus.
Infection and immunity, 1995Co-Authors: T Tanabe, Takao Watanabe, Hisaaki Sato, K Ueda, H Chihara, Katsushige Nakano, Hiroshi Saito, N MaeharaAbstract:Exfoliative toxin produced by Staphylococcus Hyicus bound to the GM4-like glycolipid extracted from the skin of 1-day-old chickens but did not bind to glycolipid from adult chickens or suckling mice. Exfoliative toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus bound to the GM4-like glycolipid extracted from the skin of suckling mice but not to glycolipid from 1-day-old or adult chickens. S. Hyicus and S. aureus exfoliative toxins lost their toxicity by preincubation with GM4-like glycolipid from 1-day-old chickens and suckling mice, respectively.
-
Purification of exfoliative toxin produced by Staphylococcus Hyicus and its antigenicity.
Infection and immunity, 1993Co-Authors: T Tanabe, Hisaaki Sato, M Kuramoto, Hiroshi SaitoAbstract:We previously reported the isolation of an exfoliative toxin from culture filtrates of Staphylococcus Hyicus (shET) and reproduction of exfoliation in piglets injected with partially purified shET. In this study, we purified shET and compared the biological and physicochemical properties of shET and Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxin (sETA and sETB). shET was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulofine A-500 column chromatography, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (7.5% polyacrylamide). Purified shET (p-shET) did not cause exfoliation of the epidermis in suckling mice but did cause exfoliation in 1-day-old chickens, whereas sETA and sETB produced by S. aureus caused exfoliation in suckling mice but not in 1-day-old chickens. The molecular mass of p-shET was determined as 27 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. p-shET did not show any cross-reactivity with sETA and sETB in Western immunoblotting analysis or the immunodiffusion test.
-
Isolation of exfoliative toxin from Staphylococcus Hyicus subsp. Hyicus and its exfoliative activity in the piglet.
Veterinary microbiology, 1991Co-Authors: Hisaaki Sato, M Kuramoto, Taishi Tanabe, Keiko Tanaka, Takashi Hashimoto, Hiroshi SaitoAbstract:Exfoliative toxin was isolated from the sterile cell-free filtrate of 24 h culture of Staphylococcus Hyicus subsp. Hyicus strain P-1. The partial purification of exfoliative toxin produced by S. Hyicus (shET) was performed by precipitation with 50-80% saturated ammonium sulfate, gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column and column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Partially purified shET (pp-shET) caused exfoliation in piglets at 8 to 12 h after intradermal or subcutaneous injection. However, heat-treated pp-shET did not cause exfoliation in piglets for up to 24 h after injection. On histopathological examination of the skin at 12 h after injection of pp-shET, an intraepidermal cleavage plane was shown between the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum and at the stratum granulosum.
Hisaaki Sato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
detection of Staphylococcus Hyicus exfoliative toxin genes by dot blot hybridization and multiplex polymerase chain reaction
Microbiology and Immunology, 2011Co-Authors: Kenta Onuma, Taishi Tanabe, Yusuke Uoya, Tetsuo Koide, Ayumi Shibata, Hisaaki SatoAbstract:We designed a novel DNA probe and novel PCR primer sets for detecting the genes coding for Staphylococcus Hyicus (S. Hyicus) exfoliative toxin (ET). In dot blot hybridization, the novel DNA probe hybridized with chromosomal DNA of ExhA-, ExhB-, ExhC-, ExhD-, and SHETA-producing strains. This probe also hybridized with the plasmid DNA of a SHETB-producing strain. In Southern blot hybridization, the probe hybridized with a 1.5 kb HindIII fragment of chromosomal DNA from a SHETA-producing strain. The above fragment was cloned into E. coli and the nucleotide sequence of the SHETA gene determined, this gene proved to have almost the same homology (99.6%) as the ExhB gene. It was therefore thought that SHETA is a subtype of ExhB. In multiplex PCR using five primer sets, each gene gave a band distinguishable from the others. This multiplex PCR system has high specificity among the well-known S. Hyicus ET genes. Of the 69 known ET-producing S. Hyicus strains, 38, 19, 10, 2 and 1 strains have exhB, exhD exhA, shetb and exhC genes, respectively.
-
Cloning of the gene coding for Staphylococcus Hyicus exfoliative toxin B and its expression in Escherichia coli.
Journal of bacteriology, 2000Co-Authors: Takao Watanabe, Hisaaki Sato, Yu Hatakeyama, Takeshi Matsuzawa, Masanori Kawai, Chikara Aizawa, Hirofumi Danbara, Nobutoshi MaeharaAbstract:The Staphylococcus Hyicus exfoliative toxin B (SHETB) gene was cloned into pUC118 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of the SHETB gene consists of a coding region of 804 bp specifying a polypeptide of 268 amino acid residues, which included a putative 20-residue signal sequence.
-
Chromosomal and extrachromosomal synthesis of exfoliative toxin from Staphylococcus Hyicus.
Journal of bacteriology, 2000Co-Authors: Hisaaki Sato, Takao Watanabe, Chikara Aizawa, Hirofumi Danbara, Hiroshi Saito, Yasuko Murata, Ayumi Ohtake, Kohichi Higuchi, Kuniaki Teruya, Nobutoshi MaeharaAbstract:Staphylococcus Hyicus is known to be a causative agent of exudative epidermitis (EE) in pigs (28). EE is a generalized infection of the skin characterized by greasy exudation, exfoliation, and vesicle formation (7, 13). Amtsberg (1) has shown that the culture filtrate of S. Hyicus contains an exotoxin that causes exfoliation in piglets. He has also suggested that the exfoliative activity of this exotoxin is similar to the exfoliative toxin (ET) produced by Staphylococcus aureus. We isolated this exotoxin from the culture supernatant of S. Hyicus P-1 and designated it SHET (26). In 1993, we described some of the characteristics of purified SHET from the culture supernatant of S. Hyicus (29). The molecular mass of SHET was estimated to be 27 kDa, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and it was determined that SHET differs from ETA and ETB in antigenicity and animal susceptibility (29). We have recently reported that the SHET-producing strain of S. Hyicus causes EE in pigs while the non-SHET-producing strain does not and that SHET can be divided into more than two serotypes (30; H. Sato, T. Tanabe, T. Watanabe, K. Teruya, A. Ohtake, H. Saito, and N. Maehara, Proc. 14th IPVS Cong. Italy, p. 339, 1996). Andresen et al. (2, 3) have also reported that SHET has many serotypes. In this study, we detected the large plasmid in several strains of S. Hyicus. We then confirmed the antigenic differences between SHETs from the plasmid-carrying strain and the plasmidless strain and between the SHET-producing ability of the plasmid-carrying strain and its plasmid-cured substrains.
-
New Exfoliative Toxin Produced by a Plasmid-Carrying Strain of Staphylococcus Hyicus
Infection and immunity, 1999Co-Authors: Hisaaki Sato, Takao Watanabe, Chikara Aizawa, Hiroshi Saito, Yasuko Murata, Ayumi Ohtake, Mayumi Nakamura, Nobutoshi MaeharaAbstract:A new serotype of Staphylococcus Hyicus exfoliative toxin (SHET), serotype B, was isolated from the culture filtrate of a plasmid-carrying strain of S. Hyicus. The new SHET was purified by precipitation with 70% saturated ammonium sulfate, gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column, column chromatography on DEAE‐ Cellulofine A-500, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The new SHET caused exfoliation of the epidermis as determined by the so-called Nikolsky sign when inoculated into 1-day-old chickens. The new SHET was serologically different from Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxins (ETs) (ETA, ETB, and ETC) and from the SHET from the plasmidless strain but showed the same molecular weight as the other serotypes of toxins on SDS-PAGE. It was thermolabile and lost its toxicity after being heated at 60°C for 30 min. We propose that the new SHET be designated SHETB and that the SHET produced by the plasmidless strain be designated SHETA. Staphylococcus Hyicus is the causative agent of exudative epidermitis (EE) in pigs (22). EE is a generalized infection of the skin characterized by greasy exudation, exfoliation, and vesicle formation (5, 11). Sato et al. (19) have isolated an exotoxin from the culture supernatant of S. Hyicus P-1 and designated it S. Hyicus exfoliative toxin (SHET). The molecular mass of SHET has been estimated to be 27 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and it differs from Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxins (ETs) ETA, ETB, and ETC in its antigenicity and in the susceptible animal species (18, 24). Recently, we have confirmed that SHET-producing strains result in clinical signs of EE, whereas non-SHET-producing strains do not cause any clinical signs of EE (25). These findings suggest that SHET, with a molecular mass of 27 kDa, is a causative factor of EE and causes intraepidermal splitting in the granular layer of the epidermis, similar to the case for ETA, ETB, and ETC. However, it differs from ETA, ETB, and ETC in its antigenicity and in the susceptible animal species. We have recently identified a new serotype of SHET, serotype B (SHETB), from field isolates of S. Hyicus (20, 25). All of the SHETB-producing strains possess large plasmids as well as the 42-kb plasmid of the ETB-producing strains, and their plasmid-cured substrains have lost their SHET-producing ability (20). In the present paper we describe the antigenicity and some properties of purified SHETB.
-
Possible receptor for exfoliative toxins produced by Staphylococcus Hyicus and Staphylococcus aureus.
Infection and immunity, 1995Co-Authors: T Tanabe, Takao Watanabe, Hisaaki Sato, K Ueda, H Chihara, Katsushige Nakano, Hiroshi Saito, N MaeharaAbstract:Exfoliative toxin produced by Staphylococcus Hyicus bound to the GM4-like glycolipid extracted from the skin of 1-day-old chickens but did not bind to glycolipid from adult chickens or suckling mice. Exfoliative toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus bound to the GM4-like glycolipid extracted from the skin of suckling mice but not to glycolipid from 1-day-old or adult chickens. S. Hyicus and S. aureus exfoliative toxins lost their toxicity by preincubation with GM4-like glycolipid from 1-day-old chickens and suckling mice, respectively.
Hubertus M. Verheij - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Substrate specificity of Staphylococcus Hyicus lipase and Staphylococcus aureus lipase as studied by in vivo chimeragenesis.
Biochemistry, 1998Co-Authors: M. Van Kampen, Niek Dekker, Maarten R. Egmond, Hubertus M. VerheijAbstract:Staphylococcus Hyicus lipase (SHL) and Staphylococcus aureus lipase (SAL) are highly homologous enzymes, yet they show remarkable differences in their biochemical characteristics. SHL displays a high phospholipase activity, hydrolyses neutral lipids, and has no chain length preference, whereas SAL only degrades short-chain fatty acid esters. To identify the regions in the primary sequence of SHL responsible for phospholipase activity and chain length selectivity, a set of histidine-tagged SAL/SHL chimeras was generated by in vivo recombination in Escherichia coli. Several classes of chimeric enzymes were identified on the basis of restriction site analysis. All chimeras were well-expressed as active enzymes. They were characterized for their specific activities on both phospholipids and p-nitrophenyl esters of various chain lengths. Phospholipase activity appeared to be determined by three regions, all located in the C-terminal domain of SHL. Testing of the enzymatic activity of the chimeras toward p-nitr...
-
The phospholipase activity of Staphylococcus Hyicus lipase strongly depends on a single Ser to Val mutation
Chemistry and physics of lipids, 1998Co-Authors: M. Van Kampen, Niek Dekker, Maarten R. Egmond, Jan-willem F. A. Simons, Hubertus M. VerheijAbstract:Abstract Site-directed mutagenesis and domain exchange were used to investigate the role of the C-terminal domains of Staphylococcus Hyicus lipase (SHL) and S. aureus lipase (SAL) in substrate selectivity. The introduction of a single point mutation coding for the substitution of Val for Ser356 in SHL yields an enzyme which has retained full lipase activity, although with more than 12-fold lower phospholipase activity. Starting with this S356V variant of SHL the C-terminal 40 amino acids were replaced by the corresponding SAL sequence. Although 23 amino acid changes were introduced simultaneously the impact on the phospholipase/lipase activity ratio was only 4-fold. We therefore conclude that in the C-terminal domain it is Ser356 which mainly determines phospholipase activity. The introduction of a Val357 to Ser substitution in SAL did not turn SAL into a phospholipase, showing that residues from other domains contribute to this activity as well. The results are discussed in view of the sequence homology of lipases and (lyso)phospholipases.
-
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a lipase from Staphylococcus Hyicus.
Journal of structural biology, 1995Co-Authors: Stéphane Ransac, Mieke Blaauw, Bauke W. Dijkstra, Arend J. Slotboom, Jan-willem P. Boots, Hubertus M. VerheijAbstract:Single cyrstals of a lipase from Staphylococcus Hyicus have been obtained using a combination of 18 to 24% dimethylsulfoxide and 10% isopropanol as a precipitant. The crystals grow at 4 degrees C in 2-3 months. They belong to the orthorhombic space group P212121 with a = 73.31 A, b = 77.96 A, and c = 169.81 A, with two protein molecules per asymmetrical unit. The crystals diffract to at least 2.8 A resolution and are suitable for an X-ray structure analysis.
Nobutoshi Maehara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Cloning of the gene coding for Staphylococcus Hyicus exfoliative toxin B and its expression in Escherichia coli.
Journal of bacteriology, 2000Co-Authors: Takao Watanabe, Hisaaki Sato, Yu Hatakeyama, Takeshi Matsuzawa, Masanori Kawai, Chikara Aizawa, Hirofumi Danbara, Nobutoshi MaeharaAbstract:The Staphylococcus Hyicus exfoliative toxin B (SHETB) gene was cloned into pUC118 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of the SHETB gene consists of a coding region of 804 bp specifying a polypeptide of 268 amino acid residues, which included a putative 20-residue signal sequence.
-
Chromosomal and extrachromosomal synthesis of exfoliative toxin from Staphylococcus Hyicus.
Journal of bacteriology, 2000Co-Authors: Hisaaki Sato, Takao Watanabe, Chikara Aizawa, Hirofumi Danbara, Hiroshi Saito, Yasuko Murata, Ayumi Ohtake, Kohichi Higuchi, Kuniaki Teruya, Nobutoshi MaeharaAbstract:Staphylococcus Hyicus is known to be a causative agent of exudative epidermitis (EE) in pigs (28). EE is a generalized infection of the skin characterized by greasy exudation, exfoliation, and vesicle formation (7, 13). Amtsberg (1) has shown that the culture filtrate of S. Hyicus contains an exotoxin that causes exfoliation in piglets. He has also suggested that the exfoliative activity of this exotoxin is similar to the exfoliative toxin (ET) produced by Staphylococcus aureus. We isolated this exotoxin from the culture supernatant of S. Hyicus P-1 and designated it SHET (26). In 1993, we described some of the characteristics of purified SHET from the culture supernatant of S. Hyicus (29). The molecular mass of SHET was estimated to be 27 kDa, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and it was determined that SHET differs from ETA and ETB in antigenicity and animal susceptibility (29). We have recently reported that the SHET-producing strain of S. Hyicus causes EE in pigs while the non-SHET-producing strain does not and that SHET can be divided into more than two serotypes (30; H. Sato, T. Tanabe, T. Watanabe, K. Teruya, A. Ohtake, H. Saito, and N. Maehara, Proc. 14th IPVS Cong. Italy, p. 339, 1996). Andresen et al. (2, 3) have also reported that SHET has many serotypes. In this study, we detected the large plasmid in several strains of S. Hyicus. We then confirmed the antigenic differences between SHETs from the plasmid-carrying strain and the plasmidless strain and between the SHET-producing ability of the plasmid-carrying strain and its plasmid-cured substrains.
-
New Exfoliative Toxin Produced by a Plasmid-Carrying Strain of Staphylococcus Hyicus
Infection and immunity, 1999Co-Authors: Hisaaki Sato, Takao Watanabe, Chikara Aizawa, Hiroshi Saito, Yasuko Murata, Ayumi Ohtake, Mayumi Nakamura, Nobutoshi MaeharaAbstract:A new serotype of Staphylococcus Hyicus exfoliative toxin (SHET), serotype B, was isolated from the culture filtrate of a plasmid-carrying strain of S. Hyicus. The new SHET was purified by precipitation with 70% saturated ammonium sulfate, gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column, column chromatography on DEAE‐ Cellulofine A-500, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The new SHET caused exfoliation of the epidermis as determined by the so-called Nikolsky sign when inoculated into 1-day-old chickens. The new SHET was serologically different from Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxins (ETs) (ETA, ETB, and ETC) and from the SHET from the plasmidless strain but showed the same molecular weight as the other serotypes of toxins on SDS-PAGE. It was thermolabile and lost its toxicity after being heated at 60°C for 30 min. We propose that the new SHET be designated SHETB and that the SHET produced by the plasmidless strain be designated SHETA. Staphylococcus Hyicus is the causative agent of exudative epidermitis (EE) in pigs (22). EE is a generalized infection of the skin characterized by greasy exudation, exfoliation, and vesicle formation (5, 11). Sato et al. (19) have isolated an exotoxin from the culture supernatant of S. Hyicus P-1 and designated it S. Hyicus exfoliative toxin (SHET). The molecular mass of SHET has been estimated to be 27 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and it differs from Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxins (ETs) ETA, ETB, and ETC in its antigenicity and in the susceptible animal species (18, 24). Recently, we have confirmed that SHET-producing strains result in clinical signs of EE, whereas non-SHET-producing strains do not cause any clinical signs of EE (25). These findings suggest that SHET, with a molecular mass of 27 kDa, is a causative factor of EE and causes intraepidermal splitting in the granular layer of the epidermis, similar to the case for ETA, ETB, and ETC. However, it differs from ETA, ETB, and ETC in its antigenicity and in the susceptible animal species. We have recently identified a new serotype of SHET, serotype B (SHETB), from field isolates of S. Hyicus (20, 25). All of the SHETB-producing strains possess large plasmids as well as the 42-kb plasmid of the ETB-producing strains, and their plasmid-cured substrains have lost their SHET-producing ability (20). In the present paper we describe the antigenicity and some properties of purified SHETB.
Henrik Caspar Wegener - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus Hyicus isolated from exudative epidermitis in pigs.
Journal of clinical microbiology, 1994Co-Authors: Henrik Caspar Wegener, Jeffrey L. Watts, S. A. Salmon, R.j. YanceyAbstract:Exudative epidermitis or greasy pig syndrome is caused by the coagulase-variable staphylococcal species Staphylococcus Hyicus. Treatment of this disease is problematic because of the limited number of antimicrobial agents available for this purpose. Thirteen antimicrobial agents were evaluated for their activities against 100 S. Hyicus strains isolated from pigs with exudative epidermitis. Novobiocin was the most active compound tested, with an MIC for 90% of the strains tested (MIC90) of 32.0 micrograms/ml. Initial testing with sulfadiazine-trimethoprim yielded an MIC90 of > 64.0 micrograms/ml, but subsequent testing with thymidine phosphorylase-supplemented medium yielded an MIC90 of 0.06 microgram/ml. Both lincomycin and spectinomycin were relatively inactive against the S. Hyicus strains tested, with MIC90s of > 64.0 and > 128.0 micrograms/ml, respectively. However, the combination of the two compounds at ratios of 1:2 (lincomycin to spectinomycin) and 1:8 were more active, with MIC90s of 16.0 and 4.0 micrograms/ml, respectively. These results indicate that novobiocin and sulfadiazine-trimethoprim were the most active compounds tested against the S. Hyicus strains isolated from pigs with exudative epidermitis. Furthermore, the combination of lincomycin and spectinomycin was more active than the individual compounds against the strains tested.
-
Staphylococcus Hyicus virulence in relation to exudative epidermitis in pigs.
Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire, 1993Co-Authors: Henrik Caspar Wegener, Lars Ole Andresen, Vivi Bille-hansenAbstract:Staphylococcus Hyicus strains with different phage types, plasmid profiles, and antibiotic resistance patterns were isolated from piglets with exudative epidermitis. The strains could be divided into virulent strains, producing exudative epidermitis, and avirulent strains, producing no dermal changes when injected in experimental piglets. The results showed that both virulent and avirulent strains were present simultaneously on diseased piglets. This constitutes a diagnostic problem. Concentrated culture supernatants from nine virulent strains injected in the skin of healthy piglets produced a crusting reaction in all piglets. Acanthosis was observed in the histopathological examination of the crustaceous skin. Concentrated culture supernatants from nine avirulent strains produced no macroscopic or microscopic skin changes. Protein profiles from all virulent strains and seven out of nine avirulent strains showed a high degree of protein band homology. An approximately 30 kDa protein present in all concentrated culture supernatants capable of producing skin changes, could not be detected in samples that did not produce skin changes. No other protein showed a similar association. It is concluded that crusting reaction of piglet skin is a suitable indicator of virulence in S. Hyicus in relation to exudative epidermitis, and that virulent strains produce a 30 kDa protein, absent in concentrated culture supernatants from avirulent strains. This 30 kDa protein might be an exfoliative toxin.
-
Development of a phage typing system for Staphylococcus Hyicus
Research in microbiology, 1993Co-Authors: Henrik Caspar WegenerAbstract:Abstract Bacteriophages were released by 98% of 100 Staphylococcus Hyicus strains studied after treatment with mitomycin C. Twenty-three phages with different lytic specta were included in a phage typing system and used for typing S. Hyicus . On a test-set of 100 epidemiologically unrelated S. Hyicus strains isolated from Danish pig herds, the phages were able to type 92% of the strains, producing 16 different phage types. Reproducibility of the phage typing system after subculture of the strains and using fresh phage stock was 96%. Typability ranged from 52 to 80% when typing porcine strains originating from other countries. Although phages were isolated from porcine skin strains exclusively, the system produced phage type in S. Hyicus strains of bovine origin. Ten strains of S. aureus and S. chromogenes were not typable by these phages. Strains belonging to one phage type (A/B/C/W) were isolated significantly more often from piglets with exudative epidermitis than from healthy piglets. The phage typing system described appears to be a valuable tool in diagnosis of exudative epidermitis in pigs, and furthermore, might be of value in epidemiological studies of S. Hyicus .
-
A longitudinal study of Staphylococcus Hyicus colonization of vagina of gilts and transmission to piglets.
Epidemiology and infection, 1992Co-Authors: Henrik Caspar Wegener, E. W. Skov-jensenAbstract:High Staphylococcus Hyicus colonization rates were found in vaginal samples of healthy breeding sows and in skin samples of their offspring. Twenty-two different phage types were identified among the 720 isolates of S. Hyicus examined. Two to 13 different phage types were isolated per herd. Phage typing, as well as characterization of about 10% of the isolates by plasmid profiles and antibiogram patterns, showed that, several different clones of S. Hyicus could be present simultaneously in vagina of gilts and also on skin of piglets. Generally isolates from the vagina of one animal were identical as regards to phage types, plasmid profiles, and antibiogram patterns during the entire investigation period. Isolates from the skin of piglets were of the same type as their mothers, indicating that vertical transmission had taken place. S. Hyicus strains isolated from the skin of piglets within 24 h after birth were identical to strains isolated 3 weeks after birth from the same litter, indicating that the vaginal strains became part of a stable skin flora.