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Leonard L. Lovshin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The use of freeze-dried krill to feed train largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) : feeds and training strategies
Aquaculture, 1997Co-Authors: Fernando Kubitza, Leonard L. LovshinAbstract:Abstract Freeze-dried krill (FDK) and krill meal were evaluated as dietary components during feed training of 1-g largemouth bass. Freeze-dried krill, dry pellets with 0, 18, 25, 36, 50, 54, and 75% krill meal, and a commercial moist pellet (BIODIET ™ ) were compared as Starter Diets. Fish were fed the Starter Diets in training periods of 4 to 13 days. Percent fish feeding (feeders) on FDK ranged from 79 to 95% and was higher than percent feeders on other Starter Diets ( P P P ™ ranged from 9 to 12%. After training, feeders on the Starter Diets were weaned to dry pellets. Gradual feed transition and gradual feed ingredient transition were compared as strategies to wean fish from FDK to dry pellets. Gradual feed transition is the progressive replacement of the Starter diet with the final diet. Gradual feed ingredient transition replaces a particular Starter diet by a sequence of feeds containing decreasing amounts of the main component of the Starter diet until the final diet is reached. Among fish trained on FDK, 65% weaned to dry pellets after gradual feed ingredient transition compared with only 28% after gradual feed transition ( P P P P > 0.10).
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Effects of initial weight and genetic strain on feed training largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides using ground fish flesh and freeze dried krill as Starter Diets
Aquaculture, 1997Co-Authors: Fernando Kubitza, Leonard L. LovshinAbstract:Experiment 1 compared the feed training success of two genetic strains of largemouth bass (LMB). ASF strain had 69% northern and 31% Florida LMB influence, while STATION strain had 35% northern and 65% Florida LMB influence. Both strains were fed ground fish flesh, freeze dried krill (FDK), a commercial moist pellet (BIODIET™) or a dry pellet with 70% krill meal (KM-70) as Starter Diets. In experiment 2, fish of 0.6, 0.9 and 1.4 g or 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.4 g initial weight were feed trained using ground fish flesh or FDK, respectively. In both experiments, fish were weaned from the Starter Diets to a 2 mm trout pellet using gradual feed ingredient transition (GFIT) with Diets containing 80, 60, 40, 20, and 0% ground fish or 70, 50, 30, 10, and 0% krill meal. Percent fish feeding on trout pellets (feeders) among ASF bass was 32% and among STATION fish 34% (P > 0.10). Average percent feeders were 58% and 53% starting bass on FDK and ground fish, respectively, compared to only 14% feeders for bass started on KM-70 and 8% feeders among bass started on BIODIET™ (P < 0.01). In experiment 2, percent feeders increased from 7 to 52% (P < 0.01) as initial fish weight increased from 0.2 to 1.4 g for fish started on FDK. Percent feeders increased from 59 to 88% (P < 0.01) as initial fish weight increased from 0.9 to 1.4 g among fish started on ground fish. Average percent feeders was 75% when ground fish was the Starter diet compared to 41% for FDK with 0.9 to 1.4 g fish (P < 0.01).
C M Wood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Performance and nutrient digestibility in weanling pigs as influenced by yeast culture additions to Starter Diets containing dried whey or one of two fiber sources.
Journal of Animal Science, 1995Co-Authors: E. T. Kornegay, D Rhein-welker, Merlin D Lindemann, C M WoodAbstract:Three experiments were conducted using crossbred weanling pigs (7.2 to 8.6 kg; 25 to 29 d of age) to determine the effect on performance and nutrient digestibility of.75% yeast culture (YC) additions to Starter Diets containing whey or one of two fiber sources. An 18% CP corn-soybean meal basal diet was used in all experiments. In Exp. 1 (n=192), the addition of YC did not affect ADG, ADFI, or gain: feed ratios (G:F) of pigs fed Diets without or with 15% dried whey in two 5-wk trials. In Exp. 2 (n=174), ADG and ADFI were not affected by YC addition to Diets containing no added fiber, 8% soybean hulls (SH), or 8% peanut hulls (PH) in two 5-wk trials. The addition of SH or PH did not affect ADG or ADFI; however, a YC×SH interaction (P
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performance and nutrient digestibility in weanling pigs as influenced by yeast culture additions to Starter Diets containing dried whey or one of two fiber sources
Journal of Animal Science, 1995Co-Authors: E. T. Kornegay, Merlin D Lindemann, D Rheinwelker, C M WoodAbstract:Three experiments were conducted using crossbred weanling pigs (7.2 to 8.6 kg; 25 to 29 d of age) to determine the effect on performance and nutrient digestibility of.75% yeast culture (YC) additions to Starter Diets containing whey or one of two fiber sources. An 18% CP corn-soybean meal basal diet was used in all experiments. In Exp. 1 (n=192), the addition of YC did not affect ADG, ADFI, or gain: feed ratios (G:F) of pigs fed Diets without or with 15% dried whey in two 5-wk trials. In Exp. 2 (n=174), ADG and ADFI were not affected by YC addition to Diets containing no added fiber, 8% soybean hulls (SH), or 8% peanut hulls (PH) in two 5-wk trials. The addition of SH or PH did not affect ADG or ADFI; however, a YC×SH interaction (P<.05) and a YC×PH interaction (P<.10) for G:F indicated that the addition of SH or PH to the diet in the absence of YC reduced G:F, but in the presence of YC, G:F were maintained. In a 3-wk grower phase of one trial in Exp. 2 (n=54), SH and PH additions decreased ADG (P<.005), whereas YC additions improved ADG (P<.01), particularly for pigs fed Diets that also contained SH (P<.05). In Exp. 3 (n=96), pigs fed Diets containing YC and 8% PH had an overall ADG similar to that of controls, whereas pigs fed Diets containing YC alone or Diets containing both YC and 16% PH tended to have lower overall ADG than control pigs (P<.10). Gain:feed ratios were decreased by PH inclusion (P<.01) and by supplemental YC (P<.05). In Exp. 3, the addition of PH linearily decreased the apparent digestibilities of DM (P<.001), N (P<.02), NDF (P<.001), and ADG (P<.03) and increased the apparent absorption of P (P<.02), but coefficients were not influenced by YC inclusion. In summary, YC additions had no effect on ADG and ADFI, variable effects on G:F, and no effect on apparent digestibilities of DM, N, NDF, and ADF and the apparent absorption of P. The inclusion of PH linearly decreased G:F and digestibilities of DM, N, NDF, and ADF but increased apparent absorption of P
Fernando Kubitza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The use of freeze-dried krill to feed train largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) : feeds and training strategies
Aquaculture, 1997Co-Authors: Fernando Kubitza, Leonard L. LovshinAbstract:Abstract Freeze-dried krill (FDK) and krill meal were evaluated as dietary components during feed training of 1-g largemouth bass. Freeze-dried krill, dry pellets with 0, 18, 25, 36, 50, 54, and 75% krill meal, and a commercial moist pellet (BIODIET ™ ) were compared as Starter Diets. Fish were fed the Starter Diets in training periods of 4 to 13 days. Percent fish feeding (feeders) on FDK ranged from 79 to 95% and was higher than percent feeders on other Starter Diets ( P P P ™ ranged from 9 to 12%. After training, feeders on the Starter Diets were weaned to dry pellets. Gradual feed transition and gradual feed ingredient transition were compared as strategies to wean fish from FDK to dry pellets. Gradual feed transition is the progressive replacement of the Starter diet with the final diet. Gradual feed ingredient transition replaces a particular Starter diet by a sequence of feeds containing decreasing amounts of the main component of the Starter diet until the final diet is reached. Among fish trained on FDK, 65% weaned to dry pellets after gradual feed ingredient transition compared with only 28% after gradual feed transition ( P P P P > 0.10).
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Effects of initial weight and genetic strain on feed training largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides using ground fish flesh and freeze dried krill as Starter Diets
Aquaculture, 1997Co-Authors: Fernando Kubitza, Leonard L. LovshinAbstract:Experiment 1 compared the feed training success of two genetic strains of largemouth bass (LMB). ASF strain had 69% northern and 31% Florida LMB influence, while STATION strain had 35% northern and 65% Florida LMB influence. Both strains were fed ground fish flesh, freeze dried krill (FDK), a commercial moist pellet (BIODIET™) or a dry pellet with 70% krill meal (KM-70) as Starter Diets. In experiment 2, fish of 0.6, 0.9 and 1.4 g or 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.4 g initial weight were feed trained using ground fish flesh or FDK, respectively. In both experiments, fish were weaned from the Starter Diets to a 2 mm trout pellet using gradual feed ingredient transition (GFIT) with Diets containing 80, 60, 40, 20, and 0% ground fish or 70, 50, 30, 10, and 0% krill meal. Percent fish feeding on trout pellets (feeders) among ASF bass was 32% and among STATION fish 34% (P > 0.10). Average percent feeders were 58% and 53% starting bass on FDK and ground fish, respectively, compared to only 14% feeders for bass started on KM-70 and 8% feeders among bass started on BIODIET™ (P < 0.01). In experiment 2, percent feeders increased from 7 to 52% (P < 0.01) as initial fish weight increased from 0.2 to 1.4 g for fish started on FDK. Percent feeders increased from 59 to 88% (P < 0.01) as initial fish weight increased from 0.9 to 1.4 g among fish started on ground fish. Average percent feeders was 75% when ground fish was the Starter diet compared to 41% for FDK with 0.9 to 1.4 g fish (P < 0.01).
Konrad Dabrowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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partial and total replacement of fish oil with fatty acid ethyl esters in the Starter Diets of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss
Aquaculture, 2020Co-Authors: John Grayson, Konrad DabrowskiAbstract:Abstract Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) are a potential alternative to fish oil as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish feeds. This investigation examined the growth performance, lipid composition, and intestinal and liver histology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed experimental Starter Diets with graded levels of FAEE and fish oil. Five experimental Diets were formulated with 20% total lipid content and 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% replacement of Alaskan Pollock oil with FAEE oil, and they were formulated with analogous fatty acid levels. The five Diets used defatted fish meal as the primary protein source, and a sixth diet was included that used full-fat fish meal and extracted fish oil. Triplicate groups of rainbow trout (144 ± 20 mg initial weight) were fed experimental Diets for 62 days on a restricted feeding regime (4–5.5% biomass/day). The group fed the full-fat fish meal diet had faster growth and a lower feed conversion ratio than the defatted fish meal diet groups after 31 and 62 days of feeding. The growth rate and feed conversion ratios of fish were significantly different between the FAEE-containing diet groups in the first 31 days of feeding, but were not significant from 32 to 62 days of feeding. Fatty acid analysis showed similarity between the fatty acid profiles in experimental Diets and in fish muscle and liver tissues at the end of the experiment (all groups mean weight ~3.6 g/fish). Satiation feed intake for a single day was measured at 31 days of feeding, and feed intake was higher in the 100% FAEE diet than the control (8.3 ± 1.1% vs 6.4 ± 0.3% daily satiation ratio). This result suggests that FAEE has a positive effect on voluntary feed intake. Histological analysis of posterior intestine enterocytes and hepatocytes showed a significant reduction in lipid vacuole size in the 100% FAEE group, relative to the defatted and full-fat fish meal control groups. These results suggest that rainbow trout had utilized diet with ≥50% FAEE less efficiently in the first feeding phase, likely due to reduced fatty acid absorption, but that these trends were diminished as fish grew to a larger size.
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supplementation of maca lepidium meyenii tuber meal in Diets improves growth rate and survival of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum alevins and juveniles
Aquaculture Research, 2004Co-Authors: Konrad Dabrowski, Jacques Rinchard, Carlos Gomez, Carlos VilchezAbstract:Maca tuber meal is used in fish diet formulations in Andean trout culture and knowledge of its effects on fish growth is paramount to healthy human food production. In the first experiment with rainbow trout alevins (0.096±0.002 g), Starter Diets were offered from first feeding until 15 weeks. We formulated high protein content (∼60%) semi-purified Starter Diets supplemented with 0%, 5%, 10%, or 15% maca tuber meal (control, M-5, M-10, and M-15 respectively). The second feeding trial was conducted with juveniles (1.56±0.02 g) fed one of three Diets (control, M-15, and commercial) for 8 weeks. In the first experiment, fish fed M-10 and M-15 Diets exhibited significantly higher growth rates than the other dietary groups. Survival was significantly improved in the groups fed Diets supplemented with maca tuber meal (60.0–69.2%) in comparison with the group fed a control diet (21.7%). The second experiment showed a higher growth rate in the M-15 group compared with the control and a commercial diet fed group. Leucocyte numbers were increased by dietary supplementation of maca tuber meal. The findings of the present study suggest that a maca tuber meal inclusion at least 5% improves growth rate, feed utilization, immunity by increased leucocyte number, and survival of rainbow trout alevins and juveniles.
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Nutritional effects of protein source in Starter Diets for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque) in suboptimal water temperature
Aquaculture Research, 2000Co-Authors: Deyab M S D El-saidy, Konrad Dabrowski, Sungchul C. BaiAbstract:Intensive tank rearing of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque) fry can be successfully accomplished with commonly available ‘salmonid’ Starter Diets. Ingredient substitution in Starter Diets is less important from the cost perspective but growth, survival and health of fish are major concerns. Several combinations of fish meals and animal protein substitutes were evaluated in diet formulations for hatchery rearing of catfish fry. Sub-optimal thermal conditions were used which are characteristic for the north-central USA where catfish culture is important for stocking purposes and live-fish markets. A diet formulated on the basis of menhaden fish meal (29.1%), herring fish meal (25.1%) and animal by-product mixture (16.38%) gave numerically the highest growth rate after 13 weeks of feeding, although growth reductions in fish fed Diets exclusively with mehaden meal (77.6%) as protein or substituted with 50% animal by-product protein were not significant. Instantaneous mortality rates were the highest between weeks 2 and 4 of rearing and increased almost proportionally with the increased fish meal protein substitution. A diet based on menhaden fish meal had the highest concentration of phosphorus and several other essential minerals, but these were not reflected in the mineral composition of the fish body at the termination of feeding. Among activities of digestive enzymes, trypsin was depressed in fish offered Diets with 75‐100% fish meal protein replacement. A diet superior in terms of fish performance was defined in the present study and it was concluded that the initial feeding can greatly affect physiological status of juvenile channel catfish.
E. T. Kornegay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Performance and nutrient digestibility in weanling pigs as influenced by yeast culture additions to Starter Diets containing dried whey or one of two fiber sources.
Journal of Animal Science, 1995Co-Authors: E. T. Kornegay, D Rhein-welker, Merlin D Lindemann, C M WoodAbstract:Three experiments were conducted using crossbred weanling pigs (7.2 to 8.6 kg; 25 to 29 d of age) to determine the effect on performance and nutrient digestibility of.75% yeast culture (YC) additions to Starter Diets containing whey or one of two fiber sources. An 18% CP corn-soybean meal basal diet was used in all experiments. In Exp. 1 (n=192), the addition of YC did not affect ADG, ADFI, or gain: feed ratios (G:F) of pigs fed Diets without or with 15% dried whey in two 5-wk trials. In Exp. 2 (n=174), ADG and ADFI were not affected by YC addition to Diets containing no added fiber, 8% soybean hulls (SH), or 8% peanut hulls (PH) in two 5-wk trials. The addition of SH or PH did not affect ADG or ADFI; however, a YC×SH interaction (P
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performance and nutrient digestibility in weanling pigs as influenced by yeast culture additions to Starter Diets containing dried whey or one of two fiber sources
Journal of Animal Science, 1995Co-Authors: E. T. Kornegay, Merlin D Lindemann, D Rheinwelker, C M WoodAbstract:Three experiments were conducted using crossbred weanling pigs (7.2 to 8.6 kg; 25 to 29 d of age) to determine the effect on performance and nutrient digestibility of.75% yeast culture (YC) additions to Starter Diets containing whey or one of two fiber sources. An 18% CP corn-soybean meal basal diet was used in all experiments. In Exp. 1 (n=192), the addition of YC did not affect ADG, ADFI, or gain: feed ratios (G:F) of pigs fed Diets without or with 15% dried whey in two 5-wk trials. In Exp. 2 (n=174), ADG and ADFI were not affected by YC addition to Diets containing no added fiber, 8% soybean hulls (SH), or 8% peanut hulls (PH) in two 5-wk trials. The addition of SH or PH did not affect ADG or ADFI; however, a YC×SH interaction (P<.05) and a YC×PH interaction (P<.10) for G:F indicated that the addition of SH or PH to the diet in the absence of YC reduced G:F, but in the presence of YC, G:F were maintained. In a 3-wk grower phase of one trial in Exp. 2 (n=54), SH and PH additions decreased ADG (P<.005), whereas YC additions improved ADG (P<.01), particularly for pigs fed Diets that also contained SH (P<.05). In Exp. 3 (n=96), pigs fed Diets containing YC and 8% PH had an overall ADG similar to that of controls, whereas pigs fed Diets containing YC alone or Diets containing both YC and 16% PH tended to have lower overall ADG than control pigs (P<.10). Gain:feed ratios were decreased by PH inclusion (P<.01) and by supplemental YC (P<.05). In Exp. 3, the addition of PH linearily decreased the apparent digestibilities of DM (P<.001), N (P<.02), NDF (P<.001), and ADG (P<.03) and increased the apparent absorption of P (P<.02), but coefficients were not influenced by YC inclusion. In summary, YC additions had no effect on ADG and ADFI, variable effects on G:F, and no effect on apparent digestibilities of DM, N, NDF, and ADF and the apparent absorption of P. The inclusion of PH linearly decreased G:F and digestibilities of DM, N, NDF, and ADF but increased apparent absorption of P