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I. Khuramshin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Influence of Steam Condensate Gasothermal Baths in the Yangan-Tau Resort on Microorganisms
    Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal, 2014
    Co-Authors: Хурамшин, I. Khuramshin
    Abstract:

    To determine the processes occurring in the depths of the Yangan-tau mountain parts of gasothermal baths of the resort have been studied and a number of different organic and mineral substances dissolved in the Condensate Steam of gasothermal mixture was found. This circumstance requires new experimental research using the condensation of Steam. One of the first researches was to study the influence of Steam Condensate on clinical strains of microbes. The study showed that the Condensate vapour has an active anti-microbial action in the first hours after the receipt of the wells of the resort. An important role belongs to the concentration of Condensate Steam when only 100% concentration has bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect. For experiments on germs Condensate Steam obtained from the well «5» was used, which has the least amount of organic substances and other bio-components in one liter Steam Condensate compared with condensation couple of other wells. Over time the activity of bacteriostatic effect of the Condensate Steam quickly drops due to the evaporation of some organic substances from the group of phenols and iodine organic substances. Despite the large number of different other bio-components of bacteriostatic action they cann’t have this action due to the low concentration of zinc. Insignificant quantity of radon also doesn’t have a substantial bacteriostatic action. This research showed that Condensate Steam has an evident antimicrobial energy and is estimated as a good result in medical procedure and in a hygiene area.

  • Investigation into the composition of Steam Condensate at the Yangan-Tau health resort
    2011
    Co-Authors: I. Khuramshin, Хурамшин Иштимер Шагалиевич
    Abstract:

    Investigation into the composition of Steam Condensate from gasothermal baths at the Yangan-Tau health resort showed that it contains a large amount of organic substances. The overwhelming majority of these compounds were shown to be products of thermo-oxidative breakdown of bituminol. They were studied with a view to identifying potential carcinogenic agents. Eight compounds found in the gasother- mal baths of the health resort are known to be on the list of carcinogenic agents. However, their concentration does not exceed the maximum permissible levels which confirms that these baths pose no carcinogenic risk for the patients. The sole radioactive agent present at an elevated concentration is radon considered to be a therapeutic factor of the Yangan-Tau gasothermal baths.

Kathleen A. Campbell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • SILICA FROM Steam Condensate ALTERATION AT TIKITERE, NEW ZEALAND
    2015
    Co-Authors: Kristen L. Cook, K. A. Rodgers, Patrick R.l. Browne, Kathleen A. Campbell
    Abstract:

    Silica residue is the main product of the alteration of a rhyolitic, tuff-rich, volcanic substrate by acid sulfate Condensate formed, in a major Steam field at Tikitere, near Rotorua. Here Steam and accompanying H2S discharge in an area characterized by large standing pools of acid water and mud pots. As in silica sinters, that precipitate from hot, near-neutral, alkali chloride waters, the first formed silica phase in the residue consists of non-crystalline opal-A that subsequently crystallizes to paracrystalline opal-CT. Residue and sinter can superficially resemble each other and there is a need to clearly differentiate both types of deposit in order to correctly interpret the hydrology or paleohydrology of a geothermal field. Both the opal-AN and opal-CT in the Tikitere residues are more disordered than those in typical sinters. Tikitere residue also lacks mesoscopically-recognizable, biologically mediated textures, vascular plant remains, and unaltered tuffaceous clasts, commonly present in silica sinters. However, once crystallized to opal-CT lepispheres (1-3 µm across) and, subsequently, to quartz, both residue and sinter are less readily distinguished as earlier textures become overprinted

  • The mineralogy, texture and significance of silica derived from alteration by Steam Condensate in three New Zealand geothermal fields
    Clay Minerals, 2002
    Co-Authors: K. A. Rodgers, Kristen L. Cook, Patrick R.l. Browne, Kathleen A. Campbell
    Abstract:

    Opaline silica residue accumulates on the surface and in the near surface of the Te Kopia, Tikitere and Rotokawa geothermal fields, where rhyolitic tuffs are attacked by Steam Condensate, made acid (pH 2–3) by sulphuric acid produced by oxidation of H 2 S that accompanies Steam discharge. Silica residue is one product of this alteration process that also yields kaolinite, sulphur, sulphide and aluminous sulphates, including alunite and alunogen, as pH, Eh and available moisture fluctuate across the field surface. Coagulation of colloidal polymeric silica or, possibly, direct deposition of monomeric silica can occur from the acid solutions of the digested country rock, depending on pH, concentration, temperature and the presence and concentration of other species. As with silica sinter, the first-formed silica phase consists of disordered opal-A microspheroids, commonly 0.1–5 μm in diameter. These coalesce and become overgrown by further opaline silica to yield a mass resembling gelatinous ‘frog spawn’ that lines cavities and envelops surfaces. This mass is the principle component of botryoidal, transparent to translucent hyalite that comprises much residue. Following deposition, this juvenile residue may crystallize to opal-CT lepispheres, 1–3 μm across and, subsequently, to chalcedonic quartz. Both the opal-A and opal-CT of the New Zealand residues are more disordered than those occurring in typical moderate- to low-temperature sinters. The opaline silica of silica residues enjoys a reaction relationship with both kaolinite and aluminium sulphates, including alunite and alunogen. These phases and the silica precipitate continuously and undergo dissolution at the surface of all three localities. The precise pathway followed depends upon the prevailing surface conditions, including humidity, pH, Eh, and Al and K activities. As Al is flushed from the system, the ultimate stage of alteration that may result is the dissolution of the silica itself in acidified rainwater, fogdrip or further Steam Condensate.

  • The Steam Condensate alteration mineralogy of Ruatapu cave, Orakei Korako geothermal field, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand
    Mineralogical Magazine, 2000
    Co-Authors: K. A. Rodgers, Patrick R.l. Browne, Kathleen A. Campbell, Kirsty Hamlin, R. Martin
    Abstract:

    Ruatapu cave has developed beneath a block of hydrothermally altered Quaternary vitric tuff in the active Orakei Korako geothermal field. The cave extends ~45 m, with a vertical drop of 23 m, to a shallow pool of clear, sulfate-rich (~450 μg/g), warm ( T = 43–48°C), acid (pH = 3.0) water. Steam, accompanied by H 2 S, rises from the pool surface, from a second pool nearby, and from fumaroles and joints in the ignimbrite, to condense on surfaces within the cave. Oxidation of the H 2 S to H 2 SO 4 produces acid sulfate fluids which react with the surficial rocks to generate three principal and distinct assemblages of secondary minerals. Kaolinite ± opal-A ± cristobalite ± alunite ± alunogen dominate the assemblage at the cave mouth; the essential Al, K and Si are derived from the tuffs and Na, Ca, Fe and Mg removed. In the main body of the cave the highly limited throughflow of water results in the more soluble of the leached constituents, notably Na and K, being retained in surface moisture and becoming available to form tamarugite and potash alum as efflorescences, in part at the expense of kaolin, along with lesser amounts of alunogen, meta-alunogen, mirabilite, halotrichite, kalinite, gypsum and, possibly, tschermigite; the particular species being determined by the prevailing physico-chemical conditions. Heat and moisture assist in moving Fe out of the rock to the air-water interface but, unlike typical surficial acid alteration systems elsewhere in the TVZ, there is an insufficient flow of water, of appropriate Eh-pH, to continue to move Fe out of the cave system. Much becomes locally immobilized as Fe oxides and oxyhydroxides that mottle the sides and roof of the cave. Jarosite crusts have developed where acid sulfate pool waters have had protracted contact with ignimbrite wallrock coated with once-living microbial mats. Subsequent lowering of the waters has caused the porous jarositic crusts to alter to potash alum ± akaganeite or schwertmannite. Meteoric water, with chloride concentrations of up to 10,000 μg/g, seeping through the roof produces a white, semi-thixotropic slurry which when dried yields 5.7 wt.% chloride and consisted of tamarugite plus halite. Some of this chloride (and sulfate) eventually enters the pool waters which have Cl − concentrations of 200 μg/g. This implies that the pools are not necessarily fed by a neutral pH alkali chloride fluid ascending from the geothermal reservoir, but are perched waters heated by ascending Steam and fed largely by Steam Condensate.

Wang Bin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Khuramshin Ish - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Study of the composition of Steam Condensate at the Yangan-Tau health resort
    Voprosy kurortologii fizioterapii i lechebnoĭ fizicheskoĭ kultury, 2011
    Co-Authors: Khuramshin Ish
    Abstract:

    Investigation into the composition of Steam Condensate from gasothermal baths at the Yangan-Tau health resort showed that it contains a large amount of organic substances. The overwhelming majority of these compounds were shown to be products of thermo-oxidative breakdown of bituminol. They were studied with a view to identifying potential carcinogenic agents. Eight compounds found in the gasothermal baths of the health resort are known to be on the list of carcinogenic agents. However, their concentration does not exceed the maximum permissible levels which confirms that these baths pose no carcinogenic risk for the patients. The sole radioactive agent present at an elevated concentration is radon considered to be a therapeutic factor of the Yangan-Tau gasothermal baths.

Jim Luong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ultra trace level analysis of morpholine cyclohexylamine and diethylaminoethanol in Steam Condensate by gas chromatography with multi mode inlet and flame ionization detection
    Journal of Chromatography A, 2012
    Co-Authors: Jim Luong, Hernan J Cortes, Ronda Gras, Robert A. Shellie, Taylor C. Hayward
    Abstract:

    Abstract Steam Condensate water treatment is a vital and integral part of the overall cooling water treatment process. Steam Condensate often contains varying levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen which acts as an oxidizer. Carbon dioxide forms corrosive carbonic acid when dissolved in condensed Steam. To neutralize the harmful effect of the carbonic acid, volatile amine compounds such as morpholine, cyclohexylamine, and diethylaminoethanol are often employed as part of a strategy to control corrosion in the water treatment process. Due to the high stability of these compounds in a water matrix, the indirect addition of such chemicals into the process via Steam Condensate often results in their presence throughout the process and even into the final product. It is therefore important to understand the impact of these chemicals and their fate within a chemical plant. The ability to analyze such compounds by gas chromatography has historically been difficult due to the lack of chromatographic system inertness at the trace level concentrations especially in an aqueous matrix. Here a highly sensitive, practical, and reliable gas chromatographic approach is described for the determination of morpholine, cyclohexylamine, and diethylaminoethanol in Steam Condensate at the part-per-billion (ppb) levels. The approach does not require any sample enrichment or derivatization. The technique employs a multi-mode inlet operating in pulsed splitless mode with programmed inlet temperature for sample introduction, an inert base-deactivated capillary column for solute separation and flame ionization detection. Chromatographic performance was further enhanced by the incorporation of 2-propanol as a co-solvent. Detection limits for morpholine, cyclohexylamine, diethylaminoethanol were established to be 100 ppb (v/v), with relative standard deviations (RSD) of less than 6% at the 95% confidence level (n = 20) and a percent recovery of 96% or higher for the solutes of interest over a range of 0.1–100 ppm (v/v). A complete analysis can be conducted in less than 10 min.