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George G Kennedy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of weed hosts and tobacco thrips frankliniella fusca in the epidemiology of tomato spotted wilt virus
Plant Disease, 2002Co-Authors: Russell L Groves, J W Moyer, James F. Walgenbach, George G KennedyAbstract:Groves, R. L., Walgenbach, J. F., Moyer, J. W., and Kennedy, G. G. 2002. The role of weed hosts and tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, in the epidemiology of Tomato spotted wilt virus. Plant Dis. 86:573-582. Wild plant species were systematically sampled to characterize reproduction of thrips, the vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and natural sources TSWV infection. Thrips populations were monitored on 28 common perennial, biennial, and annual plant species over two noncrop seasons at six field locations across North Carolina. Sonchus asper, Stellaria media, and Taraxacum officianale consistently supported the largest populations of immature TSWV vector species. The tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, was the most abundant TSWV vector species collected, comprising over 95% of vector species in each survey season. Perennial plant species (i.e., Plantago rugelii and Taraxacum officianale) were often only locally abundant, and many annual species (Cerastium vulgatum, Sonchus asper, and Stellaria media) were more widely distributed. Perennial species, including P. rugelii and Rumex crispus, remained TSWV infected for 2 years in a small-plot field test. Where these perennial species are locally abundant, they may serve as important and long-lasting TSWV inoculum sources. In random surveys across 12 locations in North Carolina, TSWV infection was documented by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 35 of 72 (49%) common perennial (N = 10), biennial (N = 4), and annual (N = 21) plant species across 18 plant families. Estimated rates of TSWV infection were highest in Cerastium vulgatum (4.2%), Lactuca scariola (1.3%), Molluga verticillata (4.3%), Plantago rugelii (3.4%), Ranunculus sardous (3.6%), Sonchus asper (5.1%), Stellaria media (1.4%), and Taraxacum officianale (5.8%). Nine plant species were determined to be new host recordings for TSWV infection, including Cardamine hirsuta, Eupatorium capillifolium, Geranium carolinianum, Gnaphalium purpureum, Linaria canadense, Molluga verticillata, Pyrrhopappus carolinianus, Raphanus raphanistrum, and Triodanis perfoliata. Our findings document the relative potential of a number of common annual, biennial, and perennial plant species to act as important reproductive sites for F. fusca and as acquisition sources of TSWV for spread to susceptible crops. Additional keywords: Frankliniella occidentalis, Thrips tabaci
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The Role of Weed Hosts and Tobacco Thrips, Frankliniella fusca, in the Epidemiology of Tomato spotted wilt virus.
Plant disease, 2002Co-Authors: Russell L Groves, J W Moyer, James F. Walgenbach, George G KennedyAbstract:Wild plant species were systematically sampled to characterize reproduction of thrips, the vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and natural sources TSWV infection. Thrips populations were monitored on 28 common perennial, biennial, and annual plant species over two noncrop seasons at six field locations across North Carolina. Sonchus asper, Stellaria media, and Taraxacum officianale consistently supported the largest populations of immature TSWV vector species. The tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, was the most abundant TSWV vector species collected, comprising over 95% of vector species in each survey season. Perennial plant species (i.e., Plantago rugelii and Taraxacum officianale) were often only locally abundant, and many annual species (Cerastium vulgatum, Sonchus asper, and Stellaria media) were more widely distributed. Perennial species, including P. rugelii and Rumex crispus, remained TSWV infected for 2 years in a small-plot field test. Where these perennial species are locally abundant, they may serve as important and long-lasting TSWV inoculum sources. In random surveys across 12 locations in North Carolina, TSWV infection was documented by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 35 of 72 (49%) common perennial (N = 10), biennial (N = 4), and annual (N = 21) plant species across 18 plant families. Estimated rates of TSWV infection were highest in Cerastium vulgatum (4.2%), Lactuca scariola (1.3%), Molluga verticillata (4.3%), Plantago rugelii (3.4%), Ranunculus sardous (3.6%), Sonchus asper (5.1%), Stellaria media (1.4%), and Taraxacum officianale (5.8%). Nine plant species were determined to be new host recordings for TSWV infection, including Cardamine hirsuta, Eupatorium capillifolium, Geranium carolinianum, Gnaphalium purpureum, Linaria canadense, Molluga verticillata, Pyrrhopappus carolinianus, Raphanus raphanistrum, and Triodanis perfoliata. Our findings document the relative potential of a number of common annual, biennial, and perennial plant species to act as important reproductive sites for F. fusca and as acquisition sources of TSWV for spread to susceptible crops.
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overwintering of frankliniella fusca thysanoptera thripidae on winter annual weeds infected with tomato spotted wilt virus and patterns of virus movement between susceptible weed hosts
Phytopathology, 2001Co-Authors: Russell L Groves, J W Moyer, James F. Walgenbach, George G KennedyAbstract:ABSTRACT Overwintering of tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, was investigated on common winter annual host plants infected with Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Populations of tobacco thrips produced on TSWV-infected plants did not differ from those produced on healthy plants, whereas populations varied greatly among host plant species. The mean per plant populations of F. fusca averaged 401, 162, and 10 thrips per plant on Stellaria media, Scleranthus annuus, and Sonchus asper, respectively, during peak abundance in May. Adult F. fusca collected from plant hosts were predominately brachypterous throughout the winter and early spring, but macropterous forms predominated in late spring. Weed hosts varied in their ability to serve as overwintering sources of TSWV inoculum. Following the initial infection by TSWV in October 1997, 75% of Scleranthus annuus and Stellaria media retained infection over the winter and spring season, whereas only 17% of Sonchus asper plants remained infected throughout the same...
Russell L Groves - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of weed hosts and tobacco thrips frankliniella fusca in the epidemiology of tomato spotted wilt virus
Plant Disease, 2002Co-Authors: Russell L Groves, J W Moyer, James F. Walgenbach, George G KennedyAbstract:Groves, R. L., Walgenbach, J. F., Moyer, J. W., and Kennedy, G. G. 2002. The role of weed hosts and tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, in the epidemiology of Tomato spotted wilt virus. Plant Dis. 86:573-582. Wild plant species were systematically sampled to characterize reproduction of thrips, the vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and natural sources TSWV infection. Thrips populations were monitored on 28 common perennial, biennial, and annual plant species over two noncrop seasons at six field locations across North Carolina. Sonchus asper, Stellaria media, and Taraxacum officianale consistently supported the largest populations of immature TSWV vector species. The tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, was the most abundant TSWV vector species collected, comprising over 95% of vector species in each survey season. Perennial plant species (i.e., Plantago rugelii and Taraxacum officianale) were often only locally abundant, and many annual species (Cerastium vulgatum, Sonchus asper, and Stellaria media) were more widely distributed. Perennial species, including P. rugelii and Rumex crispus, remained TSWV infected for 2 years in a small-plot field test. Where these perennial species are locally abundant, they may serve as important and long-lasting TSWV inoculum sources. In random surveys across 12 locations in North Carolina, TSWV infection was documented by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 35 of 72 (49%) common perennial (N = 10), biennial (N = 4), and annual (N = 21) plant species across 18 plant families. Estimated rates of TSWV infection were highest in Cerastium vulgatum (4.2%), Lactuca scariola (1.3%), Molluga verticillata (4.3%), Plantago rugelii (3.4%), Ranunculus sardous (3.6%), Sonchus asper (5.1%), Stellaria media (1.4%), and Taraxacum officianale (5.8%). Nine plant species were determined to be new host recordings for TSWV infection, including Cardamine hirsuta, Eupatorium capillifolium, Geranium carolinianum, Gnaphalium purpureum, Linaria canadense, Molluga verticillata, Pyrrhopappus carolinianus, Raphanus raphanistrum, and Triodanis perfoliata. Our findings document the relative potential of a number of common annual, biennial, and perennial plant species to act as important reproductive sites for F. fusca and as acquisition sources of TSWV for spread to susceptible crops. Additional keywords: Frankliniella occidentalis, Thrips tabaci
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The Role of Weed Hosts and Tobacco Thrips, Frankliniella fusca, in the Epidemiology of Tomato spotted wilt virus.
Plant disease, 2002Co-Authors: Russell L Groves, J W Moyer, James F. Walgenbach, George G KennedyAbstract:Wild plant species were systematically sampled to characterize reproduction of thrips, the vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and natural sources TSWV infection. Thrips populations were monitored on 28 common perennial, biennial, and annual plant species over two noncrop seasons at six field locations across North Carolina. Sonchus asper, Stellaria media, and Taraxacum officianale consistently supported the largest populations of immature TSWV vector species. The tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, was the most abundant TSWV vector species collected, comprising over 95% of vector species in each survey season. Perennial plant species (i.e., Plantago rugelii and Taraxacum officianale) were often only locally abundant, and many annual species (Cerastium vulgatum, Sonchus asper, and Stellaria media) were more widely distributed. Perennial species, including P. rugelii and Rumex crispus, remained TSWV infected for 2 years in a small-plot field test. Where these perennial species are locally abundant, they may serve as important and long-lasting TSWV inoculum sources. In random surveys across 12 locations in North Carolina, TSWV infection was documented by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 35 of 72 (49%) common perennial (N = 10), biennial (N = 4), and annual (N = 21) plant species across 18 plant families. Estimated rates of TSWV infection were highest in Cerastium vulgatum (4.2%), Lactuca scariola (1.3%), Molluga verticillata (4.3%), Plantago rugelii (3.4%), Ranunculus sardous (3.6%), Sonchus asper (5.1%), Stellaria media (1.4%), and Taraxacum officianale (5.8%). Nine plant species were determined to be new host recordings for TSWV infection, including Cardamine hirsuta, Eupatorium capillifolium, Geranium carolinianum, Gnaphalium purpureum, Linaria canadense, Molluga verticillata, Pyrrhopappus carolinianus, Raphanus raphanistrum, and Triodanis perfoliata. Our findings document the relative potential of a number of common annual, biennial, and perennial plant species to act as important reproductive sites for F. fusca and as acquisition sources of TSWV for spread to susceptible crops.
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overwintering of frankliniella fusca thysanoptera thripidae on winter annual weeds infected with tomato spotted wilt virus and patterns of virus movement between susceptible weed hosts
Phytopathology, 2001Co-Authors: Russell L Groves, J W Moyer, James F. Walgenbach, George G KennedyAbstract:ABSTRACT Overwintering of tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, was investigated on common winter annual host plants infected with Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Populations of tobacco thrips produced on TSWV-infected plants did not differ from those produced on healthy plants, whereas populations varied greatly among host plant species. The mean per plant populations of F. fusca averaged 401, 162, and 10 thrips per plant on Stellaria media, Scleranthus annuus, and Sonchus asper, respectively, during peak abundance in May. Adult F. fusca collected from plant hosts were predominately brachypterous throughout the winter and early spring, but macropterous forms predominated in late spring. Weed hosts varied in their ability to serve as overwintering sources of TSWV inoculum. Following the initial infection by TSWV in October 1997, 75% of Scleranthus annuus and Stellaria media retained infection over the winter and spring season, whereas only 17% of Sonchus asper plants remained infected throughout the same...
C C Chinnappa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phenotypic plasticity of sun and shade ecotypes of Stellaria longipes in response to light quality signaling gibberellins and auxin
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Leonid V Kurepin, David M Reid, Richard P Pharis, R Neil J Emery, C C ChinnappaAbstract:Abstract Stellaria longipes plant communities (ecotypes) occur in several environmentally distinct habitats along the eastern slopes of southern Alberta's Rocky Mountains. One ecotype occurs in a prairie habitat at ∼1000 m elevation where Stellaria plants grow in an environment in which the light is filtered by taller neighbouring vegetation, i.e. sunlight with a low red to far-red (R/FR) ratio. This ecotype exhibits a high degree of phenotypic plasticity by increasing stem elongation in response to the low R/FR ratio light signal. Another Stellaria ecotype occurs nearby at ∼2400 m elevation in a much cooler alpine habitat, one where plants rarely experience low R/FR ratio shade light. Stem elongation of plants is largely regulated by gibberellins (GAs) and auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Shoots of the prairie ecotype plants show increased IAA levels under low R/FR ratio light and they also increase their stem growth in response to applied IAA. The alpine ecotype plants show neither response. Plants from both ecotypes produce high levels of growth-active GA1 under low R/FR ratio light, though they differ appreciably in their catabolism of GA1. The alpine ecotype plants exhibit very high levels of GA8, the inactive product of GA1 metabolism, under both normal and low R/FR ratio light. Alpine origin plants may de-activate GA1 by conversion to GA8 via a constitutively high level of expression of the GA2ox gene, thereby maintaining their dwarf phenotype and exhibiting a reduced phenotypic plasticity in terms of shoot elongation. In contrast, prairie plants exhibit a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, using low R/FR ratio light-mediated changes in GA and IAA concentrations to increase shoot elongation, thereby accessing direct sunlight to optimize photosynthesis. There thus appear to be complex adaptation strategies for the two ecotypes, ones which involve modifications in the homeostasis of endogenous hormones.
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differences in cellular structure regulate stem elongation of alpine and prairie ecotypes of Stellaria longipes grown under two contrasting temperature regimes
Botany, 2009Co-Authors: Dang Thu Thuyd T T T Thuy, Edward C Yeung, C C ChinnappaAbstract:The objectives of this study were to explore differences in the structural features of stem elongation in alpine and prairie ecotypes of Stellaria longipes Goldie in response to two contrasting tem...
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the biology of Stellaria longipes caryophyllaceae
Botany, 2005Co-Authors: C C Chinnappa, Gillian Donaldg M M Donald, Rashmi Sasidharan, R Neil Emeryr J J N EmeryAbstract:During the past 30 years of research on Stellaria longipes Goldie, much has been learned about the taxonomy, cytology, reproductive biology, genetic variation, and phenotypic plasticity of this hig...
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red far red light mediated stem elongation and anthocyanin accumulation in Stellaria longipes differential response of alpine and prairie ecotypes
Botany, 2002Co-Authors: Suneetha Alokam, C C Chinnappa, David M ReidAbstract:We compared the stem elongation response and anthocyanin accumulation between alpine and prairie plants of Stellaria longipes Goldie under different red/far-red light ratios (R/FR) of 0.7 and 1.9 while all other environmental conditions were uniform. Both ecotypes responded to light quality. The prairie ecotype, considered to be the shade avoider, showed greater stem elongation in response to low R/FR (0.7) than under high R/FR (1.9) as compared with the alpine ecotype. The levels of anthocyanin in prairie plants, as compared with alpine plants, were significantly higher under high R/FR. Under low R/FR, both showed almost the same levels of anthocyanin. Also, the two ecotypes upon etiolation showed differences in the sites of anthocyanin accumulation under different R/FR. The results of the present study show that the extent of the stem elongation response and anthocyanin accumulation in the two ecotypes of S. longipes is likely a result of their origins in two contrasting habitats.Key words: Stellaria, p...
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red far red light mediated stem elongation and anthocyanin accumulation in Stellaria longipes differential response of alpine and prairie ecotypes
Botany, 2002Co-Authors: Suneetha Alokam, C C Chinnappa, David M ReidAbstract:We compared the stem elongation response and anthocyanin accumulation between alpine and prairie plants of Stellaria longipes Goldie under different red/far-red light ratios (R/FR) of 0.7 and 1.9 w...
Isabel Distefano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ima genome f13 draft genome sequences of ambrosiella cleistominuta cercospora brassicicola c citrullina physcia stellaris and teratosphaeria pseudoeucalypti
IMA fungus, 2020Co-Authors: Markus P Wilken, Janneke Aylward, Ramesh Chand, Felix Grewe, Frances A Lane, Shagun Sinha, Claudio G Ametrano, Isabel DistefanoAbstract:Draft genomes of the fungal species Ambrosiella cleistominuta, Cercospora brassicicola, C. citrullina, Physcia stellaris, and Teratosphaeria pseudoeucalypti are presented. Physcia stellaris is an important lichen forming fungus and Ambrosiella cleistominuta is an ambrosia beetle symbiont. Cercospora brassicicola and C. citrullina are agriculturally relevant plant pathogens that cause leaf-spots in brassicaceous vegetables and cucurbits respectively. Teratosphaeria pseudoeucalypti causes severe leaf blight and defoliation of Eucalyptus trees. These genomes provide a valuable resource for understanding the molecular processes in these economically important fungi.
Hideji Itokawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dichotomins j and k vasodilator cyclic peptides from Stellaria dichotoma
Journal of Natural Products, 2005Co-Authors: Hiroshi Morita, Hideji Itokawa, Toru Iizuka, Chee Yan Choo, Kit Lam Chan, Koichi TakeyaAbstract:Two new cyclic peptides, dichotomins J (1) and K (2), have been isolated from the roots of Stellaria dichotoma, and their structures were elucidated by chemical degradation and extensive 2D NMR methods. Dichotomins J (1) and K (2) showed a moderate vasorelaxant effect on rat aorta.
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cyclic octapeptides from Stellaria dichotoma var lanceolata
Phytochemistry, 1997Co-Authors: Hiroshi Morita, Koichi Takeya, Hideji ItokawaAbstract:Two new cyclic octapeptides, dichotomin H, cyclo(-Ala-Pro-Thr-Phe-Tyr-P ro-Leu-Ile-), and dichotomin I, cyclo(-Val-Pro-Thr-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Leu-Ile-) have been isolated from the roots of Stellaria dichotoma L. var lanceolata Bge., and their structures were elucidated by extensive two-dimensional NMR methods and chemical degradation.
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cyclic peptides from higher plants 39 dichotomins f and g cyclic peptides from Stellaria dichotoma var lanceolata
Journal of Natural Products, 1997Co-Authors: Hiroshi Morita, Akira Shishido, Takashi Kayashita, Koichi Takeya, Hideji ItokawaAbstract:Two new cyclic peptides, dichotomins F (1) and G (2), have been isolated from the roots of Stellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata Bge., and the structures were elucidated by chemical degradation, ESIMS-MS, and extensive 2D NMR methods.
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cyclic peptides from higher plants 33 delavayins a c three new cyclic peptides from Stellaria delavayi
Journal of Natural Products, 1997Co-Authors: Hiroshi Morita, Takashi Kayashita, Koichi Takeya, Akihiro Uchida, Hideji ItokawaAbstract:Three new cyclic peptides, delavayins A−C (1−3), were isolated from the roots of Stellaria delavayi. The structures of 1−3, cyclo(-Gly-Ser-γ-hydroxy Ile-Phe-Phe-Ala-) (1), cyclo(-Gly-Ser-Ile-Phe-Phe-Ala-) (2), cyclo(-Gly-Tyr-Tyr-Tyr-Pro-Val-Pro-) (3), were elucidated from spectroscopic evidence and by chemical degradation.
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cyclic peptides from higher plants 24 1 yunnanin c a novel cyclic heptapeptide from Stellaria yunnanensis
Journal of Natural Products, 1996Co-Authors: Hiroshi Morita, Takashi Kayashita, Masako Shimomura, Koichi Takeya, Hideji ItokawaAbstract:A novel cytotoxic cyclic heptapeptide, yunnanin C (1), was isolated from the roots of Stellaria yunnanensis. The structure of 1, cyclo(-Gly-Ile-Gly-Phe-Tyr-Ser-Pro-), was elucidated from spectroscopic evidence and by chemical degradation.