Stenella

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Marie-françoise Van Bressem - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Kamal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Mario Sprovieri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • hg and se exposure in brain tissues of striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba and bottlenose dolphin tursiops truncatus from the tyrrhenian and adriatic seas
    Ecotoxicology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Antonio Bellante, Anna Traina, Daniela Piazzese, Fabio Dagostino, Maria Francesca Milazzo, Mario Sprovieri
    Abstract:

    In this study we analyzed Hg and Se concentrations in dolphin brain tissues of fifteen specimens of striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) and eight specimens of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) stranded in the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Seas, in order to assess the toxicological risks associated with Hg exposure. High Hg concentrations were found in brain tissues of both analyzed specie (1.86–243 mg/kg dw for striped dolphin and 2.1–98.7 mg/kg dw for bottlenose dolphin), exceeding levels associated with marine mammals neurotoxicity. Althougth the results clearly suggest that the protective effects of Se against Hg toxicity occur in cetaceans’ brain tissues, a molar excess of mercury with respect to selenium was found, particularly in adult specimens of Stenella coeruleoalba. On contrary, negligible neurotoxicological risks were found for Tursiops truncatus specimens, due to detoxification processes. Data obtained allowed to prove a more marked neurotoxicological risk for adult specimens of Stenella coeruleoalba in both Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Seas.

Henrik Kylin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Howard C Rosenbaum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • hybrid speciation in a marine mammal the clymene dolphin Stenella clymene
    PLOS ONE, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ana R Amaral, Gretchen Lovewell, M M Coelho, George Amato, Howard C Rosenbaum
    Abstract:

    Natural hybridization may result in the exchange of genetic material between divergent lineages and even the formation of new taxa. Many of the Neo-Darwinian architects argued that, particularly for animal clades, natural hybridization was maladaptive. Recent evidence, however, has falsified this hypothesis, instead indicating that this process may lead to increased biodiversity through the formation of new species. Although such cases of hybrid speciation have been described in plants, fish and insects, they are considered exceptionally rare in mammals. Here we present evidence for a marine mammal, Stenella clymene, arising through natural hybridization. We found phylogenetic discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear markers, which, coupled with a pattern of transgressive segregation seen in the morphometric variation of some characters, support a case of hybrid speciation. S. clymene is currently genetically differentiated from its putative parental species, Stenella coerueloalba and Stenella longisrostris, although low levels of introgressive hybridization may be occurring. Although non-reticulate forms of evolution, such as incomplete lineage sorting, could explain our genetic results, we consider that the genetic and morphological evidence taken together argue more convincingly towards a case of hybrid speciation. We anticipate that our study will bring attention to this important aspect of reticulate evolution in non-model mammal species. The study of speciation through hybridization is an excellent opportunity to understand the mechanisms leading to speciation in the context of gene flow.