The Experts below are selected from a list of 9 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Dietrich W Buttner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
treatment of human mansonella streptocerca infection with ivermectin
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 1997Co-Authors: Peter U. Fischer, Jotham Bamuhiiga, Dietrich W ButtnerAbstract:We studied the short-term effects of a single dose of 150 micrograms/kg body weight ivermectin on Mansonella streptocerca in an area endemic for Streptocerciasis, but not for onchocerciasis, in western Uganda. Six and 12 days after treatment no microfilaria (mf) were found in the skin of 53 out of 96 mf carriers living in 3 villages, and the geometric means of the mf densities of remaining mf carriers were only 33-40% of pretreatment levels. This reduction of mf density was highly significant (P < 0.0001). Immunohistological examination of skin biopsies showed degenerated and disintegrating mf surrounded by activated eosinophils (positive for activated cationic protein), macrophages, and neutrophils (positive for myeloperoxidase and defensin) on day 6 after treatment. Remarkable was the invasion of young, L1 protein-positive macrophages and the release of neutrophil defensin as signs of acute inflammation. We conclude that ivermectin has a strong microfilaricidal activity against M. streptocerca. Common adverse effects were increased pruritus and acute papular dermatitis in 45% of 86 mf carriers on day 6 after treatment. No serious adverse side-effects were noticed in about 700 treated persons.
Peter U. Fischer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
treatment of human mansonella streptocerca infection with ivermectin
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 1997Co-Authors: Peter U. Fischer, Jotham Bamuhiiga, Dietrich W ButtnerAbstract:We studied the short-term effects of a single dose of 150 micrograms/kg body weight ivermectin on Mansonella streptocerca in an area endemic for Streptocerciasis, but not for onchocerciasis, in western Uganda. Six and 12 days after treatment no microfilaria (mf) were found in the skin of 53 out of 96 mf carriers living in 3 villages, and the geometric means of the mf densities of remaining mf carriers were only 33-40% of pretreatment levels. This reduction of mf density was highly significant (P < 0.0001). Immunohistological examination of skin biopsies showed degenerated and disintegrating mf surrounded by activated eosinophils (positive for activated cationic protein), macrophages, and neutrophils (positive for myeloperoxidase and defensin) on day 6 after treatment. Remarkable was the invasion of young, L1 protein-positive macrophages and the release of neutrophil defensin as signs of acute inflammation. We conclude that ivermectin has a strong microfilaricidal activity against M. streptocerca. Common adverse effects were increased pruritus and acute papular dermatitis in 45% of 86 mf carriers on day 6 after treatment. No serious adverse side-effects were noticed in about 700 treated persons.
Jotham Bamuhiiga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
treatment of human mansonella streptocerca infection with ivermectin
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 1997Co-Authors: Peter U. Fischer, Jotham Bamuhiiga, Dietrich W ButtnerAbstract:We studied the short-term effects of a single dose of 150 micrograms/kg body weight ivermectin on Mansonella streptocerca in an area endemic for Streptocerciasis, but not for onchocerciasis, in western Uganda. Six and 12 days after treatment no microfilaria (mf) were found in the skin of 53 out of 96 mf carriers living in 3 villages, and the geometric means of the mf densities of remaining mf carriers were only 33-40% of pretreatment levels. This reduction of mf density was highly significant (P < 0.0001). Immunohistological examination of skin biopsies showed degenerated and disintegrating mf surrounded by activated eosinophils (positive for activated cationic protein), macrophages, and neutrophils (positive for myeloperoxidase and defensin) on day 6 after treatment. Remarkable was the invasion of young, L1 protein-positive macrophages and the release of neutrophil defensin as signs of acute inflammation. We conclude that ivermectin has a strong microfilaricidal activity against M. streptocerca. Common adverse effects were increased pruritus and acute papular dermatitis in 45% of 86 mf carriers on day 6 after treatment. No serious adverse side-effects were noticed in about 700 treated persons.
Ae Bianco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Studies on host/parasite relationships in the tick-transmitted rodent filariae, Ackertia globulosa Muller and Nelson, 1975 and Dipetalonema viteae (Krepkogorskaya, 1933)
2026Co-Authors: Ae BiancoAbstract:Studies have been made in the field and in the laboratory on the lifecycle, maintenance and host-parasite relationships of Ackertia globulosa, a filarial parasite of African rodents. In natural habitats in Kenya the parasite was found in 4 species of rodents, with a high prevalence of infection in Lemniscomys striatus striatus (the striped mouse). The adult worms are highly site-specific to the pulmonary arteries and release microfilariae that travel via the blood to the skin where they concentrate principally in the ears. This is a good adaptation to the feeding habit of the tick Haemaphysalis leachii leachii, which was identified as a natural vector of A. globulosa in Kenya and attaches preferentially to the head region on striped mice. A histological examination of tick attachment sites revealed that the ingestion of microfilariae may be further enhanced by their accumulation beneath the mouthparts during the 3 day feeding period. In H. leachii the microfilariae of A. globulosa develop to infective stage larvae in 14-18 days. Studies made by dissection and histological techniques revealed that development is intracellular and occurs for the first 9 days in the epidermis and for the next 5 days in fat cells. Third-stage larvae then enter the haemocoel and are transmitted to rodents when the ticks next feed. A. globulosa was established in the laboratory and maintained in mongolian jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) and laboratory bred striped mice. In experimentally infected rodents the Microfilarial densities were low although 63% developed patent infections. The prepatent period is 74-88 days and the adult worms survive for up to 500 days. The development of A. qlobulosa was studied in experimentally infected jirds. Microfilariae and adult worms caused no serious pathology in the vertebrate host although a few microfilariae were found in the eyes of heavily infected striped mice. The treatment of experimentally infected rodents with diethylcarbamazine resulted in the destruction of 80-100% of the microfilariae in skin but appeared to be ineffective against the adult worms. Skin responses seen in animals after drug treatment suggest that a Mazzotti-type reaction may have been elicited. The potential of A. globulosa in rodents as a laboratory model infection and primary chemotherapeutic screen for human onchocerciasis and Streptocerciasis is discussed. An investigation was also made of possible relationships between tick-bits hypersensitivity in Mongolian jirds and the tranmission of Dipetalonema viteae by its soft tick vector. Jirds sensitised to the bites of Ornithodoros moubata produced vigorous immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions but remained fully susceptible to all stages of the arthropod and to infection with filarial larvae transmitted by infected ticks. Although the uptake of microfilariae by ticks fed on hypersensitive animals was relatively greater than on normal hosts, the difference was not sufficient to identify hypersensitivity to tick bites as a significant influence on the transmission of D.viteae. The relevance of these findings to the epidemiology of human filarial infections is discussed
Stephen K Tyring - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
mucocutaneous manifestations of helminth infections trematodes and cestodes
Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology, 2015Co-Authors: Omar Lupi, Christopher Downing, Michael Lee, Francisco Bravo, Patricia Giglio, Laila Woccolburn, Stephen K TyringAbstract:In the 21st century, despite increased international travel for vacation, work, and medical missions and immigration into the United States, there is little published in the dermatology literature regarding the cutaneous manifestations of helminth infections. It has been estimated that 20% to 70% of international travelers suffer from some travel-related health problem. Approximately 17% of travelers seek medical care because of cutaneous disorders, many related to infectious etiologies. This review will focus on cutaneous diseases caused by helminth infections. Part I of the review focused on nematode infections; part II will focus on trematode and cestode infections. Nematodes are roundworms that cause diseases with cutaneous manifestations, such as cutaneous larval migrans, onchocerciasis, filariasis, gnathostomiasis, loiasis, dracunculiasis, strongyloidiasis, ascariasis, Streptocerciasis, dirofilariasis, and trichinosis. Tremadotes, also known as flukes, cause schistosomiasis, paragonimiasis, and fascioliasis. Cestodes (tapeworms) are flat, hermaphroditic parasites that cause diseases such as sparganosis, cysticercosis, and echinococcus.