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Sungseen Choi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of low molecular weight polybutadiene as processing aid on properties of silica-filled styrene-butadiene rubber compounds
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2003Co-Authors: Sungseen Choi, Byung-ho Park, Changwoon NahAbstract:Because silica has Strong Filler–Filler interactions, a silica-filled rubber compound shows a poor Filler dispersion compared to a carbon black-filled one. Improvement of the Filler dispersion in silica-filled styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds was studied using low molecular weight polybutadiene (liquid PBD) with the high content of 1,2-unit. By adding the liquid PBD to the silica-filled SBR compound, the Filler dispersion and flow property are improved. The cure time and cure rate become faster as the 1,2-unit content of the liquid PBD increases for the compounds containing the liquid PBD. The crosslink density increases linearly with increase in the 1,2-unit content of the liquid PBD. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3135–3140, 2003
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properties of natural rubber composites reinforced with silica or carbon black influence of cure accelerator content and Filler dispersion
Polymer International, 2003Co-Authors: Sungseen Choi, Byungwook JoAbstract:Filler dispersion is a critical factor in determining the properties of filled rubber composites. Silica has a high density of silanol groups on the surface, which lead to Strong Filler–Filler interactions and a poor Filler dispersions. A cure accelerator, N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (TBBS), was found to improve Filler dispersion in silica-filled natural rubber (NR) compounds. For the silica-filled NR compounds without the silane coupling agent, the reversion ratio generally increased with increase in TBBS content, whereas those of the silica-filled NR compounds containing the silane coupling agent and carbon black-filled NR compounds decreased linearly. The tensile strength of the silica-filled NR vulcanizate without the silane coupling agent increased as the TBBS content increased, whereas carbon black-filled samples did not show a specific trend. The experimental results were explained by TBBS adsorption on the silica surface and the improvement of silica dispersion with the aid of TBBS. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
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Improvement of properties of silica‐filled styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds using acrylonitrile‐styrene‐butadiene rubber (NSBR)
Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2003Co-Authors: Sungseen Choi, Kyung-ho Chung, Changwoon NahAbstract:Since silica has Strong Filler–Filler interactions and adsorbs polar materials, a silica-filled rubber compound wil have poor dispersion of the Filler and a poor cure characteristic. Improvement of properties of silica-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds has been studied using emulsion SBR-based acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene rubber (NSBR). The silica dispersion is improved by adding NSBR to the compound. The bound rubber content increases with increase in the NSBR content. The scorch time and cure rate become faster as the NSBR content increases. The crosslink density also increases by increasing the NSBR content. The wear property is improved by adding the NSBR. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Effect of Filler–Filler interaction on rheological behaviour of natural rubber compounds filled with both carbon black and silica
Polymer International, 2003Co-Authors: Sungseen Choi, Changwoon Nah, Seung Goo Lee, Chang Whan JooAbstract:Rubber compounds are reinforced with Fillers such as carbon black and silica. In general, filled rubber compounds show smooth rheological behaviour in measurement of Mooney viscosity or Mooney scorch time. Variation in rheological behaviour was studied in terms of the Filler composition using natural rubber compounds filled with both carbon black and silica (carbon black/silica = 60/20,40/40, and 20/60 phr). The compound filled with carbon black/silica of 60/20 phr showed normal rheological behaviour. However, the compounds filled with carbon black/silica of 40/40 and 20/60 phr showed abnormal rheological behaviour, in which the viscosity increased suddenly and then decreased at a certain point during the measurement. The abnormal behaviour was explained by the Strong Filler–Filler interaction of silica. Moreover, the abnormal rheological behaviour was displayed more clearly as the storage time of compounds is increased. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
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Properties of silica‐filled styrene‐butadiene rubber compounds containing acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber: The influence of the acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber type
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2002Co-Authors: Sungseen ChoiAbstract:Because silica has Strong Filler-Filler interactions and adsorbs polar materials, a silica-filled rubber compound exhibits poor dispersion of the Filler and poor cure characteristics in comparison with those of a carbon black-filled rubber compound. Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) improves Filler dispersion in silica-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds. The influence of the NBR type on the properties of silica-filled SBR compounds containing NBR was studied with NBRs of various acrylonitrile contents. The composition of the bound rubber was different from that of the compounded rubber. The NBR content of the bound rubber was higher than that of the compounded rubber; this became clearer for NBR with a higher acrylonitrile content. The Mooney scorch time and cure rate became faster as the acrylonitrile content in NBR increased. The modulus increased with an increase in the acrylonitrile content of NBR because the crosslink density increased. The experimental results could be explained by interactions of the nitrile group of NBR with silica.
Mark Sutton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental clues of soft glassy rheology in strained filled elastomers
Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 2014Co-Authors: Françoise Ehrburger-dolle, Gert Heinrich, Isabelle Morfin, Françoise Bley, Frédéric Livet, Luc Piché, Mark SuttonAbstract:Tensile stress-relaxation measurements have been performed on a series of cross-linked filled elastomers. The Fillers are chosen in order to investigate the effect of the Filler-Filler and the Filler-matrix interactions on the time dependence of the tensile relaxation modulus E(t) after UP and DOWN jumps. For the carbon black filled sample (Strong Filler-elastomer interaction) E(t) decreases as log(t) when the strain epsilon is strictly larger than 0.2 and reached by UP jumps. For the silica filled samples in the same conditions, and for all samples after a DOWN jump including epsilon = 0.2, the experimental data can be fitted with a power law equation characterized by the exponent m. Thus, in all cases, |dE(t)⁄dt| scales as t^(-α) with α=m+1. Pertinence of the Soft Glassy Rheology (SGR) model for interpreting the present results is examined. It is shown that α could be equivalent to the effective noise temperature x and related to the polymer chain mobility.
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XPCS Investigation of the Dynamics of Filler Particles in Stretched Filled Elastomers.
Macromolecules, 2012Co-Authors: Françoise Ehrburger-dolle, Gert Heinrich, Isabelle Morfin, Françoise Bley, Frédéric Livet, Luc Piché, Sven Richter, Mark SuttonAbstract:The complexity of the mechanical behavior of filled elastomers can be partly attributed to the fact that the duration of an applied strain plays a crucial role. In order to bring new insights into this still incompletely solved problem, we look for relationships between the macroscopic mechanical relaxation and the relaxation of the Filler particles at the nano- to mesoscale. To this end, X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) in homodyne and heterodyne configurations combined with tensile stress relaxation is employed. The paper is devoted to the study of the role of the Filler–Filler and the Filler–matrix interactions in a cross-linked elastomer on the aging mechanisms under strain. The Fillers investigated are carbon black, as an example of Strong Filler–matrix interactions, and hydroxylated silica for which the Filler–Filler interaction is Strong (H-bonds). Homodyne XPCS correlation reveals features of jammed systems (compressed exponential and ballistic motion) for both systems. The exponents c...
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Tensile stress relaxation and recovery behavior of a cross-linked EPDM rubber matrix loaded with different Fillers
Macromolecules, 2012Co-Authors: Françoise Ehrburger-dolle, Gert Heinrich, Isabelle Morfin, Françoise Bley, Frédéric Livet, Luc Piché, Mark SuttonAbstract:The complexity of the mechanical behavior of filled elastomers can be partly attributed to the fact that theduration of an applied strain plays a crucial role. In order to bring new insights into this still incompletely solved problem,we look for relationships between the macroscopic mechanical relaxation and the relaxation of the Filler particles at the nano-to mesoscale. To this end, X-ray photon correlation spectros-copy (XPCS) in homodyne and heterodyne configurationscombined with tensile stress relaxation is employed. The paper is devoted to the study of the role of the Filler−Filler and the Filler−matrix interactions in a cross-linked elastomer on the aging mechanisms under strain. TheFillers investigated are carbon black, as an example of Strong Filler−matrix interactions, and hydroxylated silica for which theFiller−Filler interaction is Strong (H-bonds). Homodyne XPCS correlation reveals features of jammed systems (compressed exponential and ballistic motion) for both systems. The exponents characterizing the aging of the homodyne relaxation times are not the same in the carbon black and in the silicafilled samples. For both systems, the decrease of the particle velocity determined by heterodyne detection with aging time follows a power law. The silica sample is characterized by a slow decrease of the velocity during aging. For the carbon black sample, the velocity remains small and decreases faster than for the silica sample. The reverse is observed for the behavior of the tensile force.
Gert Heinrich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Construction of an Interconnected Nanostructured Carbon Black Network: Development of Highly Stretchable and Robust Elastomeric Conductors
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2015Co-Authors: Eshwaran Subramani Bhagavatheswaran, Meenali Parsekar, Amit Kumar Das, Sven Wiessner, Klaus Werner Stöckelhuber, Gerd Schmaucks, Gert HeinrichAbstract:In the present work, a Strong Filler–Filler network of conductive carbon black was strategically established in an elastomer matrix, which leads to a unique combination of electrical and mechanical properties. The novelty of our composites was the development of a Strong percolated morphology of nanostructured conducting carbon black particles by the incorporation of relatively large nonreinforcing spherical silica particles, inside the soft elastomer matrix. This technique allowed us to fabricate solution styrene butadiene rubber (S-SBR) composites with outstanding electrical conductivity of 40 S/m, tensile strength ∼10 MPa, and extensibility up to 200%. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity was strain-independent up to 50% elongation strain. The electrical conductivity was found to be unaltered after 2000 loading–unloading cycles. This is the first ever report of a robust elastomeric system with such high electrical conductivity where all the basic ingredients used were selected from well-known comme...
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Experimental clues of soft glassy rheology in strained filled elastomers
Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 2014Co-Authors: Françoise Ehrburger-dolle, Gert Heinrich, Isabelle Morfin, Françoise Bley, Frédéric Livet, Luc Piché, Mark SuttonAbstract:Tensile stress-relaxation measurements have been performed on a series of cross-linked filled elastomers. The Fillers are chosen in order to investigate the effect of the Filler-Filler and the Filler-matrix interactions on the time dependence of the tensile relaxation modulus E(t) after UP and DOWN jumps. For the carbon black filled sample (Strong Filler-elastomer interaction) E(t) decreases as log(t) when the strain epsilon is strictly larger than 0.2 and reached by UP jumps. For the silica filled samples in the same conditions, and for all samples after a DOWN jump including epsilon = 0.2, the experimental data can be fitted with a power law equation characterized by the exponent m. Thus, in all cases, |dE(t)⁄dt| scales as t^(-α) with α=m+1. Pertinence of the Soft Glassy Rheology (SGR) model for interpreting the present results is examined. It is shown that α could be equivalent to the effective noise temperature x and related to the polymer chain mobility.
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XPCS Investigation of the Dynamics of Filler Particles in Stretched Filled Elastomers.
Macromolecules, 2012Co-Authors: Françoise Ehrburger-dolle, Gert Heinrich, Isabelle Morfin, Françoise Bley, Frédéric Livet, Luc Piché, Sven Richter, Mark SuttonAbstract:The complexity of the mechanical behavior of filled elastomers can be partly attributed to the fact that the duration of an applied strain plays a crucial role. In order to bring new insights into this still incompletely solved problem, we look for relationships between the macroscopic mechanical relaxation and the relaxation of the Filler particles at the nano- to mesoscale. To this end, X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) in homodyne and heterodyne configurations combined with tensile stress relaxation is employed. The paper is devoted to the study of the role of the Filler–Filler and the Filler–matrix interactions in a cross-linked elastomer on the aging mechanisms under strain. The Fillers investigated are carbon black, as an example of Strong Filler–matrix interactions, and hydroxylated silica for which the Filler–Filler interaction is Strong (H-bonds). Homodyne XPCS correlation reveals features of jammed systems (compressed exponential and ballistic motion) for both systems. The exponents c...
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Tensile stress relaxation and recovery behavior of a cross-linked EPDM rubber matrix loaded with different Fillers
Macromolecules, 2012Co-Authors: Françoise Ehrburger-dolle, Gert Heinrich, Isabelle Morfin, Françoise Bley, Frédéric Livet, Luc Piché, Mark SuttonAbstract:The complexity of the mechanical behavior of filled elastomers can be partly attributed to the fact that theduration of an applied strain plays a crucial role. In order to bring new insights into this still incompletely solved problem,we look for relationships between the macroscopic mechanical relaxation and the relaxation of the Filler particles at the nano-to mesoscale. To this end, X-ray photon correlation spectros-copy (XPCS) in homodyne and heterodyne configurationscombined with tensile stress relaxation is employed. The paper is devoted to the study of the role of the Filler−Filler and the Filler−matrix interactions in a cross-linked elastomer on the aging mechanisms under strain. TheFillers investigated are carbon black, as an example of Strong Filler−matrix interactions, and hydroxylated silica for which theFiller−Filler interaction is Strong (H-bonds). Homodyne XPCS correlation reveals features of jammed systems (compressed exponential and ballistic motion) for both systems. The exponents characterizing the aging of the homodyne relaxation times are not the same in the carbon black and in the silicafilled samples. For both systems, the decrease of the particle velocity determined by heterodyne detection with aging time follows a power law. The silica sample is characterized by a slow decrease of the velocity during aging. For the carbon black sample, the velocity remains small and decreases faster than for the silica sample. The reverse is observed for the behavior of the tensile force.
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reinforcement and migration of nanoclay in polychloroprene ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber blends
Composites Science and Technology, 2011Co-Authors: R N Mahaling, Klaus Werner Stöckelhuber, Gert HeinrichAbstract:Abstract This communication demonstrates, an approach of compatibilization between polychloroprene (CR) and ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) by using nanoclay as a compatibilizer and, simultaneously, as a very Strong reinforcing nano-Filler. With the incorporation of less than 9 wt.% nanoclay, the dynamic storage modulus above the glass transition region of such a blend increases from ∼2 MPa to ∼54 MPa. This tremendous reinforcing as well as the compatibilization effect of the nanoclay was understood by thermodynamically driven preferential framework-like accumulation of exfoliated nanoclay platelets in the phase border of CR and EPDM, as observed i.e. from transmission electron microscopy. The extra-ordinary improvement of dynamic modulus can also be understood by a very Strong Filler–Filler networking that we observed in strain sweep experiments. Moreover, we found that the compatibilized blends exhibit an extra dynamic-mechanical relaxation process at higher temperatures (∼Tg + 130 K). The suggested method for compatibilization of incompatible rubber blends offers routes to the design of new rubber based technical products for diversified applications.
Bingyong Han - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Preparation, carbon black dispersibility and performances of novel biobased integral solution-polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber with β-myrcene bottlebrush segments
Journal of Materials Science, 2020Co-Authors: Jingwei Zhang, Dongfang Wang, Bingyong HanAbstract:A series of green myrcene-based styrene–butadiene integral rubber were designed and prepared by anionic solution polymerization for solving the fossil depletion and achieving the excellent comprehensive performances, including SBR (75) + MR (25), r-SBMR, b-SBMR and s-b-SBMR. The RPA, SAXS, SEM and TEM results revealed that flexible side chain in myrcene bottlebrush segments, which was beneficial to spread and infiltrate on the surface of the Filler, could significantly improve carbon black (CB) dispersibility and inhibit the Strong Filler–Filler interactions. The degree of improvement in CB dispersibility can be ranked as follows: SBR (unmodified rubber)
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Solution Mechanochemical Approach for Preparing High-Dispersion SiO2-g-SSBR and the Performance of Modified Silica/SSBR Composites
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2019Co-Authors: Wei Gao, Wenna Song, Bingyong HanAbstract:This paper reports a simple, high-efficiency, and green approach for preparing high-dispersion silica-g-solution styrene butadiene rubber (SiO2-g-SSBR) through a solution mechanochemical reaction in a laboratory planetary ball mill. The condensation reaction between the hydroxyl groups on the silica surface and the siloxane groups of SSBR-g-3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (MPTES) was verified. The results revealed that the chemical modifications of silica through an SSBR polymer matrix weakened the Strong Filler–Filler interactions and enhanced the weak Filler–polymer interfacial interactions simultaneously. Because of the dual role of SSBR-g-MPTES as a dispersant and rubber matrix, the modified silica showed high dispersion in the SSBR composites regardless of the compounding, storage, or vulcanization period. Additionally, the dispersion of modified silica was superior to that of silica modified through bis(γ-triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulfide (Si-69). Compared with the unmodified silica/SSBR composite,...
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Solution Mechanochemical Approach for Preparing High-Dispersion SiO2‑g‑SSBR and the Performance of Modified Silica/SSBR Composites
2019Co-Authors: Wei Gao, Wenna Song, Bingyong HanAbstract:This paper reports a simple, high-efficiency, and green approach for preparing high-dispersion silica-g-solution styrene butadiene rubber (SiO2-g-SSBR) through a solution mechanochemical reaction in a laboratory planetary ball mill. The condensation reaction between the hydroxyl groups on the silica surface and the siloxane groups of SSBR-g-3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (MPTES) was verified. The results revealed that the chemical modifications of silica through an SSBR polymer matrix weakened the Strong Filler–Filler interactions and enhanced the weak Filler–polymer interfacial interactions simultaneously. Because of the dual role of SSBR-g-MPTES as a dispersant and rubber matrix, the modified silica showed high dispersion in the SSBR composites regardless of the compounding, storage, or vulcanization period. Additionally, the dispersion of modified silica was superior to that of silica modified through bis(γ-triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulfide (Si-69). Compared with the unmodified silica/SSBR composite, the performance of the composites was obviously improved, the rolling resistance decreased by 28.4%, wet skid resistance increased by 63.9%, and tensile strength increased by 40.4%
Demin Jia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A facile and green preparation of nanosilica-supported antioxidant and its reinforcement and antioxidation effect on styrene-butadiene rubber
International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 2016Co-Authors: Zhixin Jia, Bangchao Zhong, Yongjun Chen, Yuanfang Luo, Demin JiaAbstract:ABSTRACTA novel solid-phase method has been proposed to prepare a nanosilica-supported antioxidant by the reaction of nanosilica with 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MB) and silane coupling agent γ-chloropropyltriethoxysilane. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and other characterization methods confirmed that MB was chemically bonded onto the surface of nanosilica. Silica-s-MB was homogeneously dispersed in a styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) matrix with Strong Filler-rubber interaction, leading to enhanced mechanical performance of SBR/silica-s-MB composites compared with SBR/m-silica composites. Based on the results of thermo-oxidation testing of SBR/silica-s-MB and SBR/m-silica/MB composites containing equivalent antioxidant component, silica-s-MB showed better antioxidative efficiency than the corresponding low-molecular-weight MB owing to its lower migration and volatility at high temperature.
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a method to improve the mechanical performance of styrene butadiene rubber via vulcanization accelerator modified silica
Composites Science and Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Bangchao Zhong, Zhixin Jia, Yuanfang Luo, Demin JiaAbstract:Abstract Accelerator ethylenethiourea (ETU) was chemically grafted onto the surface of silane modified silica (m-silica) to obtain ETU-modified silica (silica-s-ETU). Silica-s-ETU could be homogeneously dispersed into the matrix of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) with fairly Strong Filler-rubber interaction and the grafted ETU molecules were still able to accelerate the sulfur vulcanization. Owing to the improved modification effect, the prepared SBR/silica-s-ETU nanocomposites showed more excellent mechanical properties than SBR/m-silica and SBR/silica nanocomposites containing equivalent accelerator component. Based on the results of immobilized polymer layer, the strengthening mechanism of silica-s-ETU was analyzed and substantiated. The highlight of this work lies in the fact that apparent improvement has been achieved by the surface modification of silica with vulcanization accelerator, which may open up new opportunities for the preparation of high performance rubber composites.
