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Jong Won Yun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimization of Submerged Culture condition for the production of mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharides by agrocybe cylindracea
Bioresource Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Hyunoh Kim, Hyejin Hwang, Jangwon Choi, Sang Woo Kim, Jongmin Lim, Ji Hoon Joo, Jong Won YunAbstract:The optimization of Submerged Culture conditions and nutritional requirements was studied for the production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Agrocybe cylindracea ASI-9002 using the statistically based experimental design in a shake flask Culture. Both maximum mycelial biomass and EPS were observed at 25 degrees C. The optimal initial pH for the production of mycelial biomass and EPS were found to be pH 4.0 and pH 6.0, respectively. Subsequently, optimum concentration of each medium component was determined using the orthogonal matrix method. The optimal combination of the media constituents for mycelial growth was as follows: maltose 80 g/l, Martone A-1 6 g/l, MgSO4 x 7H2O 1.4 g/l, and CaCl2 1.1 g/l; for EPS production: maltose 60 g/l, Martone A-1 6 g/l, MgSO4 x 7H2O 0.9 g/l, and CaCl2 1.1 g/l. Under the optimal Culture condition, the maximum EPS concentration achieved in a 5-l stirred-tank bioreactor indicated 3.0 g/l, which is about three times higher than that at the basal medium.
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Submerged Culture conditions for the production of mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharides by the edible basidiomycete grifola frondosa
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Bum Chun Lee, Hyejin Hwang, Jun Tae Bae, Hyeong Bae Pyo, Tae Boo Choe, Sang Woo Kim, Jong Won YunAbstract:Optimization of Submerged Culture conditions for mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Grifola frondosa was studied. The optimal temperature and initial pH for both mycelial growth and EPS production in shake flask Cultures were 25 °C and 5.5, respectively. Glucose (30 g/l) was the most suitable carbon source for both mycelial biomass and EPS production. Yeast extract and polypeptone were favorable nitrogen sources for both mycelial biomass and EPS production. To find the optimal operational parameters in a 5 l stirred-tank fermenter, the self-directing optimization technique was used and the results were as follows: Culture pH, 5.06; aeration rate, 1.16 vvm; agitation rate, 166 rpm. In the course of mycelial Submerged Culture, the mycelial morphology was significantly altered by Culture pH, aeration rate, and hydrodynamic behavior, which subsequently affected the yield of EPS production. While compact pellets were formed at low aeration conditions, freely suspended mycelial growth was observed at high aeration conditions. The most desirable morphology for EPS production was a feather-like mycelial clump. Under optimal Culture conditions, maximum biomass concentration and EPS production in a stirred-tank fermenter were 16.8 and 5.3 g/l, respectively, which were significantly greater than results prior to optimization (13 and 4 g/l, respectively). For a comparative study, the fungus was further Cultured in a 5 l airlift fermenter, but mycelial biomass yields (10 g/l) and EPS yields (4.53 g/l) were lower than those in the stirred-tank fermenter. Eventually, three groups of polysaccharides of diverse molecular mass (470–1100 kDa) were produced either from the mycelial extract or from the Culture filtrate precipitate.
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biological activities of the polysaccharides produced from Submerged Culture of the edible basidiomycete grifola frondosa
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Bum Chun Lee, Hyejin Hwang, Jun Tae Bae, Hyeong Bae Pyo, Tae Boo Choe, Sang Woo Kim, Jong Won YunAbstract:Five groups of polysaccharides were prepared from mycelium extract and top and bottom fraction of filtrate precipitates by Submerged Culture of Grifola frondosa at two different media (glucose and PMP medium) and their individual biological activities were studied. These polysaccharides had diverse molecular mass (470–1650 kDa) and different biological activities at the concentrations of 0.01–0.2% (w/v). Most of polysaccharides had antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities after UV irradiation, where G-2 (bottom fraction of filtrate precipitates from glucose medium, MW 770 kDa) and G-3 polysaccharide (mycelium extract from glucose medium, MW 500 kDa) showed strong activity. The P-1 (from top fraction of filtrate precipitates from PMP medium, MW 1650 kDa) and P-3 polysaccharide (from mycelium extract from PMP medium, MW 470 kDa) increased the proliferation of fibroblasts by approximately 23–25%. Other two groups of polysaccharides produced from glucose medium (G-2 and G-3 polysaccharides) showed also notable proliferation activity for fibroblasts. Treatment of fibroblasts with P-3 polysaccharide significantly increased the biosynthesis of collagen by approximately 80%. G-2 and G-3 polysaccharides showed also marked activity. However, G-1 and P-1 polysaccharides had only negligible activity in collagen biosynthesis. © 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
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production and molecular characteristics of four groups of exopolysaccharides from Submerged Culture of phellinus gilvus
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2003Co-Authors: Hyejin Hwang, Jangwon Choi, Sang Woo Kim, Jong Won YunAbstract:H . J . H W A N G , S . W . K I M , C . P . X U , J . W . C H O I A N D J . W . Y U N . 2003. Aims: The objective of the present study was to determine the optimal Culture conditions for the production of four groups of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) in Phellinus gilvus by Submerged Culture and to investigate their molecular properties by multi-angle laser-light scattering (MALLS) analysis. Methods and Results: The optimal temperature and initial pH for the production of both mycelial biomass and EPSs in P. gilvus by Submerged flask Cultures were found to be 30� C and pH 9AE0, respectively. Glucose and corn steep powder were the most suitable carbon and nitrogen source for both mycelial biomass and EPS production. Optimal medium composition was determined to be glucose 30 g l )1 , corn steep powder 5 g l )1 , MgSO4 1AE23 g l )1 , KH2PO4 0AE68 g l )1 , and K2HPO4 0AE87 g l )1 . Four groups of EPSs (Fr-I, II, III, and IV) were obtained from the Culture filtrates by gel filtration chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B and characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with MALLS. The weight average molar mass (Mw) of Fr-I, Fr-II, Fr-III and Fr-IV were determined to be 8AE628 · 10 6 (±129 420), 1AE045 · 10 6 (±19 855), 61AE09 · 10 4 (±1244), and 33AE55 · 10 4 (±134) g mol )1 , respectively. Conclusions: Under optimal Culture conditions, the maximum EPS production in a 5-l stirred fermenter indicated 5AE 3gl )1 after 11 days of fermentation. The SEC/MALLS analysis revealed that Fr-I, which has extremely high molecular weight, was presumably an aggregate of complex polysaccharides forming a compact globular shape; whereas Fr-II was nearly spherical, Fr-III and Fr-IV were rod-like chains in an aqueous solution. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first report on the production of high amounts of EPSs from liquid-Culture of the basidiomycete, P. gilvus. The SEC/MALLS approach used in this study could be useful in providing greater insight into the characterization of the mushroom polysaccharides without carrying out elaborate fractionation procedures prior to analysis.
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optimization of Submerged Culture process for the production of mycelial biomass and exo polysaccharides by cordyceps militaris c738
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2003Co-Authors: Sang Woo Kim, Hyejin Hwang, Jangwon Choi, J M Sung, Jong Won YunAbstract:S . - W . K I M , H . - J . H W A N G , C . - P . X U , J . - M . S U N G , J . - W . C H O I A N D J . - W . Y U N . 2003. Aims: The objective of the present study was to determine the optimal Culture conditions for mycelial biomass and exo-polysaccharide (EPS) by Cordyceps militaris C738 in Submerged Culture. Methods and Results: The optimal temperatures for mycelial biomass and EPS production were 20� C and 25� C, respectively, and corresponding optimal initial pHs were found to be 9 and 6, respectively. The suggested medium composition for EPS production was as follows: 6% (w ⁄ v) sucrose, 1% (w ⁄ v) polypeptone, and 0AE05% (w ⁄ v) K2HPO4. The influence of pH on the fermentation broth rheology, morphology and EPS production of C. militaris C738 was carried out in a 5-l stirred-tank fermenter. The morphological properties were comparatively characterized by pellet roughness and compactness by use of image analyser between the Culture conditions with and without pH control. The roughness and compactness of the pellets indicated higher values at pH-stat Culture (pH 6AE0), suggesting that larger and more compact pellets were desirable for polysaccharide production (0AE91 g g )1 cell d )1 ). Conclusions: Under the optimized Culture conditions (with pH control at 6), the maximum concentration of biomass and EPS were 12AE 7gl )1 and 7AE 3gl )1 , respectively, in a 5-l stirred-tank fermenter. Significance and Impact of the Study: The critical effect of pH on fungal morphology and rheology presented in this study can be widely applied to other mushroom fermentation processes.
Solomon P Wasser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the fruiting bodies Submerged Culture biomass and acidic polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan of yellow brain mushroom tremella mesenterica modulate the immunity of peripheral blood leukocytes and splenocytes in rats with impaired glucose tolerance
Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Taihao Hsu, Chienhsing Lee, Fangyi Lin, Solomon P WasserAbstract:The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic disease with hyperglycemia and impaired immune function, is increasing worldwide. Progression from impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to type 2 DM has recently become a target for early intervention. The fruiting bodies (FB) and Submerged Culture mycelium (CM) of Tremella mesenterica, an edible and medicinal mushroom, have been demonstrated to have antihyperglycemic and immunomodulatory activities in type 1 DM rats. Herein, we investigated the effects of acidic polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GX) extracted from CM on the immunocyte responses. Male Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) plus nicotinamide (200 mg/kg) for the induction of IGT, and gavaged daily with vehicle, FB, CM, or GX (1 g/kg/day). Rats injected with saline and gavaged vehicle were used as controls. Two weeks later, peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and splenocytes were collected. Ingestion of FB, CM, and GX significantly decreased blood glucose levels in the postprandial period and in oral glucose tolerance test, and partially reversed T-splenocytic proliferation in IGT rats. CM significantly decreased T-helper lymphocytes in the PBLs and B-splenocytes. In addition, FB, CM, and GX significantly reversed the IGT-induced decreases in tumor necrosis factor-α production; GX significantly increased interleukin-6 production in T-lymphocytes in the PBLs and splenocytes; and CM and GX significantly reversed IGT-induced decrease in interferon-γ production in T-lymphocytes in the spleen. In conclusion, FB, CM, and acidic polysaccharide GX of T. mesenterica may increase T-cell immunity via the elevation of proinflammatory and T-helper cytokine production in rats with impaired glucose tolerance.
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effects of ingested fruiting bodies Submerged Culture biomass and acidic polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan of tremella mesenterica retz fr on glycemic responses in normal and diabetic rats
Life Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Fu Ann Tsai, Solomon P Wasser, Jyuer Ger Yang, Bu Miin HuangAbstract:Mushroom polysaccharides have been shown to regulate glucose metabolism. Using male Wistar rats injected with saline (normal rats), streptozotocin (STZ-NT rats), or streptozotocin plus nicotinamide (STZ+NT rats), we investigated the hypoglycemic activity of orally ingested fruiting bodies (FB), Submerged Culture biomass (CM), or the acidic polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) of Tremella mesenterica, an edible jelly mushroom. Our results demonstrated that FB ingestion significantly attenuated the elevated blood glucose levels in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in STZ-NT rats. However, in STZ+NT rats, FB, CM, and GXM ingestion significantly attenuated the increases in food and water intake, 2-h postprandial blood glucose concentrations, and blood glucose levels in OGTT. Moreover, FB and GXM ingestion significantly decreased serum concentration of fructosamine in STZ+NT rats. Our results indicated that T. mesenterica might be developed as a potential oral hypoglycemic agent or functional food for diabetic patients and for persons with high risk for diabetes mellitus.
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the structure of the glucuronoxylomannan produced by culinary medicinal yellow brain mushroom tremella mesenterica ritz fr heterobasidiomycetes grown as one cell biomass in Submerged Culture
Carbohydrate Research, 2004Co-Authors: Evgeny Vinogradov, Bent O Petersen, Jens O Duus, Solomon P WasserAbstract:Abstract The yellow brain mushroom Tremella mesenterica possesses a wide spectrum of medicinal properties, including immunostimulating, protecting against radiation, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, hepatoprotective, and antiallergic effects. A unique feature of T. mesenterica is that most of the above mentioned medicinal properties depend on glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) contained in fruiting bodies or produced in pure Culture conditions. We developed a new strain of T. mesenterica CBS 101939, which grows in Submerged Culture and offers superior yields of one-cell biomass rich in exocellular heteropolysaccharide GXM. The structure of the GXM was analyzed by NMR spectroscopy and chemical methods. The polysaccharide has a defined repeating unit structure, which is O-acetylated at several points: Download : Download full-size image These results differ from previously published structure of Tremella extracellular polysaccharides, where mannan backbone was believed to be randomly glycosylated with xylan chains of different length.
Gowchin Yen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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antioxidant properties of water soluble polysaccharides from antrodia cinnamomea in Submerged Culture
Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Mingchi Tsai, Tuzzying Song, Pinghsiao Shih, Gowchin YenAbstract:Antrodia cinnamomea, a well-known tradition Chinese medicine, possesses anti-tumor, anti-oxidation activities and stimulates the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of water-soluble polysaccharides from the fermented filtrate and mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea in Submerged Culture (ACSC) on hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in Chang liver cells. Oxidative DNA damage was evaluated by single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) or by the formation of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) adducts. The polysaccharides isolated by ion-exchange chromatography contained glucose, xylose, galactose, arabinose, and mannose. The results showed that incubation of Chang liver cells with isolated polysaccharides at 200 lg/mL for 5 h prior to H2O2 treatment (50 lM, 30 min) significantly reduced oxidative DNA damage as detected by the formation of comet tail DNA and 8-OHdG adducts by 89% and 69%, respectively. Pre-treatment Chang liver cells with polysaccharides also reduced the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (p < 0.01) and intracellular reactive species (ROS) (p < 0.01) induced by H2O2. Moreover, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the GSH/GSSG ratio were significantly increased in Chang liver cells pre-incubated with the polysaccharides (p < 0.01). These results demonstrate that polysaccharides in ASCS have antioxidant properties which may involve up-regulation of GST activity, maintenance of normal GSH/GSSG ratio, and scavenging of ROS. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma cells by mycelia of antrodia camphorata in Submerged Culture
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2005Co-Authors: Tuzzying Song, Shihlan Hsu, Gowchin YenAbstract:Abstract The effect of methanolic extracts of mycelia (MEM) from Antrodia camphorata (Polyporaceac, Aphyllophorales) of Submerged Culture (ACSC) on the inhibition of cell viability and the mechanism of MEM-induced cytotoxic in hepatoma cells were investigated. The IC50 of MEM on the cytotoxicity of HepG2 (wild type p53) and Hep3B (delete p53) were 49.5 and 62.7 μg/ml, respectively, on 48 h incubation. There is no observable cytotoxicity of MEM in Chang liver cells and rat primary hepatocytes at the concentration of 100 μg/ml. Cell cycle analysis revealed that MEM induced apoptosis on HepG2 via G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. MEM (100 μg/ml) treated HepG2 and Hep3B for 72 h, the apoptotic cells were 98.3 and 39.5%, respectively. The activities of caspase-3, -8 and -9 in HepG2 induced by MEM (50 μg/ml) were increased 5.3, 6.7 and 2.2-fold, respectively. MEM-induced apoptotic cell death was accompanied by up-regulation of caspase-3 and -8 in HepG2 cells. Combined treatment with MEM and caspase-3, -8 and -9 inhibitors, the caspase-3 and -8 inhibitors were accounting for 63 and 47% inhibition in MEM-induced apoptosis, respectively; however, caspase-9 inhibitor exhibited no obvious inhibition effect on the apoptosis percentage (p > 0.05). The results indicated that MEM induced HepG2 apoptosis through activation of caspase-3 and -8 cascades and regulation of the cell cycle progression to inhibit hepatoma cells proliferation.
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mycelia from antrodia camphorata in Submerged Culture induce apoptosis of human hepatoma hepg2 cells possibly through regulation of fas pathway
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Tuzzying Song, Shihlan Hsu, Chi T Yeh, Gowchin YenAbstract:The objective of this study was to investigate the antiproliferative effect and the mechanism of the methanol extracts of mycelia (MEM) form Antrodia camphorata in Submerged Culture toward HepG2 cells. The results showed that MEM-induced cell apoptosis involved up-regulation of Fas and down-regulation of Bcl-2, DR3, DR4, TNFRI, and TNFRII in HepG2 cells, while no changes on the levels of Bax, Bid, Bad, and Bak protein were observed. On the basis of these results, the involvement of the Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) death-receptor pathway, in MEM-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells, was investigated. The apoptosis inducing activity was significantly enhanced by a Fas activator and inhibited by a Fas antagonist. To know about the effect of MEM on the activation of the apoptotic pathway, the adenovirus transfected with Bcl-2 was infected on HepG2 cells. The data showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells induced by MEM in Bcl-2-infected HepG2 (Bcl-2 overexpression) was not significantly different from that of uninfected HepG2. These results demonstrate that MEM induces HepG2 apoptosis through inhibition of cell growth and up-regulation of Fas/FasL to activate the pathway of caspase-3 and -8 cascades.
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protective effects of fermented filtrate from antrodia camphorata in Submerged Culture against ccl4 induced hepatic toxicity in rats
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Tuzzying Song, Gowchin YenAbstract:The protective effects and the possible mechanisms of dry matter of fermented filtrate (DMF) from Antrodia camphorata in Submerged Culture (ACSC) on H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague−Dawley rats were investigated. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of DMF and its crude triterpenoids on lipid peroxidation occurred in a dose−response manner in an AAPH/linoleic acid system. When HepG2 cells were pretreated with DMF at the concentration of 0.10 mg/mL for 4 h and then induced by 1 h of treatment with H2O2 (100 μM), lipid peroxidation was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, as measured by the formation of malondialdehyde. The oral pretreatment with DMF [0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg of body weight (bw)] for 5 consecutive days prior to the administration of a single dose of 40% CCl4 (0.10 mL/100 g of bw, ip) significantly prevented the increase in serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers (alanine and aspartate aminotransferase) and liver lipid per...
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protective effects of fermented filtrate from antrodia camphorata in Submerged Culture against ccl4 induced hepatic toxicity in rats
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Tuzzying Song, Gowchin YenAbstract:The protective effects and the possible mechanisms of dry matter of fermented filtrate (DMF) from Antrodia camphorata in Submerged Culture (ACSC) on H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of DMF and its crude triterpenoids on lipid peroxidation occurred in a dose-response manner in an AAPH/linoleic acid system. When HepG2 cells were pretreated with DMF at the concentration of 0.10 mg/mL for 4 h and then induced b y1ho ftreatment with H2O2 (100 IM), lipid peroxidation was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, as measured by the formation of malondialdehyde. The oral pretreatment with DMF [0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg of body weight (bw)] for 5 consecutive days prior to the administration of a single dose of 40% CCl4 (0.10 mL/100 g of bw, ip) significantly prevented the increase in serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers (alanine and aspartate aminotransferase) and liver lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05). Histopathological evaluation of the rat liver revealed that DMF reduced the incidence of liver lesions, including neutrophil infiltration, hydropic swelling, and necrosis induced by CCl4 in rats. Moreover, reduced glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase) and the GSH/ GSSG ratio were significantly improved in the oral pretreatment DMF of rats (p < 0.01). The results suggest that DMF may play a role in preventing oxidative damage in living systems by up-regulating hepatic GSH-dependent enzymes to preserve the normal GSH/GSSH ratio and scavenging free radicals formed during CCl4 metabolism.
Hyejin Hwang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimization of Submerged Culture condition for the production of mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharides by agrocybe cylindracea
Bioresource Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Hyunoh Kim, Hyejin Hwang, Jangwon Choi, Sang Woo Kim, Jongmin Lim, Ji Hoon Joo, Jong Won YunAbstract:The optimization of Submerged Culture conditions and nutritional requirements was studied for the production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Agrocybe cylindracea ASI-9002 using the statistically based experimental design in a shake flask Culture. Both maximum mycelial biomass and EPS were observed at 25 degrees C. The optimal initial pH for the production of mycelial biomass and EPS were found to be pH 4.0 and pH 6.0, respectively. Subsequently, optimum concentration of each medium component was determined using the orthogonal matrix method. The optimal combination of the media constituents for mycelial growth was as follows: maltose 80 g/l, Martone A-1 6 g/l, MgSO4 x 7H2O 1.4 g/l, and CaCl2 1.1 g/l; for EPS production: maltose 60 g/l, Martone A-1 6 g/l, MgSO4 x 7H2O 0.9 g/l, and CaCl2 1.1 g/l. Under the optimal Culture condition, the maximum EPS concentration achieved in a 5-l stirred-tank bioreactor indicated 3.0 g/l, which is about three times higher than that at the basal medium.
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Submerged Culture conditions for the production of mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharides by the edible basidiomycete grifola frondosa
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Bum Chun Lee, Hyejin Hwang, Jun Tae Bae, Hyeong Bae Pyo, Tae Boo Choe, Sang Woo Kim, Jong Won YunAbstract:Optimization of Submerged Culture conditions for mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Grifola frondosa was studied. The optimal temperature and initial pH for both mycelial growth and EPS production in shake flask Cultures were 25 °C and 5.5, respectively. Glucose (30 g/l) was the most suitable carbon source for both mycelial biomass and EPS production. Yeast extract and polypeptone were favorable nitrogen sources for both mycelial biomass and EPS production. To find the optimal operational parameters in a 5 l stirred-tank fermenter, the self-directing optimization technique was used and the results were as follows: Culture pH, 5.06; aeration rate, 1.16 vvm; agitation rate, 166 rpm. In the course of mycelial Submerged Culture, the mycelial morphology was significantly altered by Culture pH, aeration rate, and hydrodynamic behavior, which subsequently affected the yield of EPS production. While compact pellets were formed at low aeration conditions, freely suspended mycelial growth was observed at high aeration conditions. The most desirable morphology for EPS production was a feather-like mycelial clump. Under optimal Culture conditions, maximum biomass concentration and EPS production in a stirred-tank fermenter were 16.8 and 5.3 g/l, respectively, which were significantly greater than results prior to optimization (13 and 4 g/l, respectively). For a comparative study, the fungus was further Cultured in a 5 l airlift fermenter, but mycelial biomass yields (10 g/l) and EPS yields (4.53 g/l) were lower than those in the stirred-tank fermenter. Eventually, three groups of polysaccharides of diverse molecular mass (470–1100 kDa) were produced either from the mycelial extract or from the Culture filtrate precipitate.
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biological activities of the polysaccharides produced from Submerged Culture of the edible basidiomycete grifola frondosa
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Bum Chun Lee, Hyejin Hwang, Jun Tae Bae, Hyeong Bae Pyo, Tae Boo Choe, Sang Woo Kim, Jong Won YunAbstract:Five groups of polysaccharides were prepared from mycelium extract and top and bottom fraction of filtrate precipitates by Submerged Culture of Grifola frondosa at two different media (glucose and PMP medium) and their individual biological activities were studied. These polysaccharides had diverse molecular mass (470–1650 kDa) and different biological activities at the concentrations of 0.01–0.2% (w/v). Most of polysaccharides had antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities after UV irradiation, where G-2 (bottom fraction of filtrate precipitates from glucose medium, MW 770 kDa) and G-3 polysaccharide (mycelium extract from glucose medium, MW 500 kDa) showed strong activity. The P-1 (from top fraction of filtrate precipitates from PMP medium, MW 1650 kDa) and P-3 polysaccharide (from mycelium extract from PMP medium, MW 470 kDa) increased the proliferation of fibroblasts by approximately 23–25%. Other two groups of polysaccharides produced from glucose medium (G-2 and G-3 polysaccharides) showed also notable proliferation activity for fibroblasts. Treatment of fibroblasts with P-3 polysaccharide significantly increased the biosynthesis of collagen by approximately 80%. G-2 and G-3 polysaccharides showed also marked activity. However, G-1 and P-1 polysaccharides had only negligible activity in collagen biosynthesis. © 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
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production and molecular characteristics of four groups of exopolysaccharides from Submerged Culture of phellinus gilvus
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2003Co-Authors: Hyejin Hwang, Jangwon Choi, Sang Woo Kim, Jong Won YunAbstract:H . J . H W A N G , S . W . K I M , C . P . X U , J . W . C H O I A N D J . W . Y U N . 2003. Aims: The objective of the present study was to determine the optimal Culture conditions for the production of four groups of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) in Phellinus gilvus by Submerged Culture and to investigate their molecular properties by multi-angle laser-light scattering (MALLS) analysis. Methods and Results: The optimal temperature and initial pH for the production of both mycelial biomass and EPSs in P. gilvus by Submerged flask Cultures were found to be 30� C and pH 9AE0, respectively. Glucose and corn steep powder were the most suitable carbon and nitrogen source for both mycelial biomass and EPS production. Optimal medium composition was determined to be glucose 30 g l )1 , corn steep powder 5 g l )1 , MgSO4 1AE23 g l )1 , KH2PO4 0AE68 g l )1 , and K2HPO4 0AE87 g l )1 . Four groups of EPSs (Fr-I, II, III, and IV) were obtained from the Culture filtrates by gel filtration chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B and characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with MALLS. The weight average molar mass (Mw) of Fr-I, Fr-II, Fr-III and Fr-IV were determined to be 8AE628 · 10 6 (±129 420), 1AE045 · 10 6 (±19 855), 61AE09 · 10 4 (±1244), and 33AE55 · 10 4 (±134) g mol )1 , respectively. Conclusions: Under optimal Culture conditions, the maximum EPS production in a 5-l stirred fermenter indicated 5AE 3gl )1 after 11 days of fermentation. The SEC/MALLS analysis revealed that Fr-I, which has extremely high molecular weight, was presumably an aggregate of complex polysaccharides forming a compact globular shape; whereas Fr-II was nearly spherical, Fr-III and Fr-IV were rod-like chains in an aqueous solution. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first report on the production of high amounts of EPSs from liquid-Culture of the basidiomycete, P. gilvus. The SEC/MALLS approach used in this study could be useful in providing greater insight into the characterization of the mushroom polysaccharides without carrying out elaborate fractionation procedures prior to analysis.
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optimization of Submerged Culture conditions for mycelial growth and exo biopolymer production by paecilomyces tenuipes c240
Process Biochemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Chunping Xu, Hyejin Hwang, Jangwon ChoiAbstract:This paper is concerned with optimization of Submerged Culture conditions for mycelial growth and exo-biopolymer production by Paecilomyces tenuipes C240 by one-factor-at-a-time and orthogonal matrix methods. The one-factor-at-a-time method was adopted to investigate the effects of medium components (i.e. carbon, nitrogen, and mineral sources) and environmental factors (i.e. initial pH and temperature) on mycelial growth and exo-biopolymer production. Among these variables, glucose, KNO3 ,K 2HPO4, and MgSO4 were identified to be the most suitable carbon, nitrogen, and mineral sources, respectively. The optimal temperature and initial pH for mycelial growth and exo-biopolymer production were 28 8C and 6.0, respectively. Subsequently, the concentration of glucose, KNO3 ,K 2HPO4, and MgSO4 were optimized using the orthogonal matrix method. The effects of media composition on the mycelial growth of P. tenuipes C240 were in the order of glucose � /K2HPO4� /KNO3� /MgSO4, and those on exo-biopolymer production were in the order of glucose � /K2HPO4 � /MgSO4� /KNO3. The optimal concentration for enhanced production were determined as 4 g/l glucose, 0.6 g/l KNO3, 0.1 g/l K2HPO4, and 0.1 g/l MgSO4 / 5H2O for mycelial yield, and 3 g/l glucose, 0.4 g/l KNO3, 0.1 g/l K2HPO4, and 0.1 g/l MgSO4 / 5H2O for exo-biopolymer production, respectively. The subsequent verification experiments confirmed the validity of the models. This optimization strategy in shake flask Culture lead to a mycelial yield of 10.18 g/ l, and exo-biopolymer production of 1.89 g/l, respectively, which were considerably higher than those obtained in preliminary studies. Under optimal Culture conditions, the maximum exo-biopolymer concentration in a 5 l stirred-tank bioreactor was 2.36 g/l. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Tuzzying Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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antioxidant properties of water soluble polysaccharides from antrodia cinnamomea in Submerged Culture
Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Mingchi Tsai, Tuzzying Song, Pinghsiao Shih, Gowchin YenAbstract:Antrodia cinnamomea, a well-known tradition Chinese medicine, possesses anti-tumor, anti-oxidation activities and stimulates the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of water-soluble polysaccharides from the fermented filtrate and mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea in Submerged Culture (ACSC) on hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in Chang liver cells. Oxidative DNA damage was evaluated by single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) or by the formation of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) adducts. The polysaccharides isolated by ion-exchange chromatography contained glucose, xylose, galactose, arabinose, and mannose. The results showed that incubation of Chang liver cells with isolated polysaccharides at 200 lg/mL for 5 h prior to H2O2 treatment (50 lM, 30 min) significantly reduced oxidative DNA damage as detected by the formation of comet tail DNA and 8-OHdG adducts by 89% and 69%, respectively. Pre-treatment Chang liver cells with polysaccharides also reduced the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (p < 0.01) and intracellular reactive species (ROS) (p < 0.01) induced by H2O2. Moreover, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the GSH/GSSG ratio were significantly increased in Chang liver cells pre-incubated with the polysaccharides (p < 0.01). These results demonstrate that polysaccharides in ASCS have antioxidant properties which may involve up-regulation of GST activity, maintenance of normal GSH/GSSG ratio, and scavenging of ROS. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma cells by mycelia of antrodia camphorata in Submerged Culture
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2005Co-Authors: Tuzzying Song, Shihlan Hsu, Gowchin YenAbstract:Abstract The effect of methanolic extracts of mycelia (MEM) from Antrodia camphorata (Polyporaceac, Aphyllophorales) of Submerged Culture (ACSC) on the inhibition of cell viability and the mechanism of MEM-induced cytotoxic in hepatoma cells were investigated. The IC50 of MEM on the cytotoxicity of HepG2 (wild type p53) and Hep3B (delete p53) were 49.5 and 62.7 μg/ml, respectively, on 48 h incubation. There is no observable cytotoxicity of MEM in Chang liver cells and rat primary hepatocytes at the concentration of 100 μg/ml. Cell cycle analysis revealed that MEM induced apoptosis on HepG2 via G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. MEM (100 μg/ml) treated HepG2 and Hep3B for 72 h, the apoptotic cells were 98.3 and 39.5%, respectively. The activities of caspase-3, -8 and -9 in HepG2 induced by MEM (50 μg/ml) were increased 5.3, 6.7 and 2.2-fold, respectively. MEM-induced apoptotic cell death was accompanied by up-regulation of caspase-3 and -8 in HepG2 cells. Combined treatment with MEM and caspase-3, -8 and -9 inhibitors, the caspase-3 and -8 inhibitors were accounting for 63 and 47% inhibition in MEM-induced apoptosis, respectively; however, caspase-9 inhibitor exhibited no obvious inhibition effect on the apoptosis percentage (p > 0.05). The results indicated that MEM induced HepG2 apoptosis through activation of caspase-3 and -8 cascades and regulation of the cell cycle progression to inhibit hepatoma cells proliferation.
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mycelia from antrodia camphorata in Submerged Culture induce apoptosis of human hepatoma hepg2 cells possibly through regulation of fas pathway
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Tuzzying Song, Shihlan Hsu, Chi T Yeh, Gowchin YenAbstract:The objective of this study was to investigate the antiproliferative effect and the mechanism of the methanol extracts of mycelia (MEM) form Antrodia camphorata in Submerged Culture toward HepG2 cells. The results showed that MEM-induced cell apoptosis involved up-regulation of Fas and down-regulation of Bcl-2, DR3, DR4, TNFRI, and TNFRII in HepG2 cells, while no changes on the levels of Bax, Bid, Bad, and Bak protein were observed. On the basis of these results, the involvement of the Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) death-receptor pathway, in MEM-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells, was investigated. The apoptosis inducing activity was significantly enhanced by a Fas activator and inhibited by a Fas antagonist. To know about the effect of MEM on the activation of the apoptotic pathway, the adenovirus transfected with Bcl-2 was infected on HepG2 cells. The data showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells induced by MEM in Bcl-2-infected HepG2 (Bcl-2 overexpression) was not significantly different from that of uninfected HepG2. These results demonstrate that MEM induces HepG2 apoptosis through inhibition of cell growth and up-regulation of Fas/FasL to activate the pathway of caspase-3 and -8 cascades.
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protective effects of fermented filtrate from antrodia camphorata in Submerged Culture against ccl4 induced hepatic toxicity in rats
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Tuzzying Song, Gowchin YenAbstract:The protective effects and the possible mechanisms of dry matter of fermented filtrate (DMF) from Antrodia camphorata in Submerged Culture (ACSC) on H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague−Dawley rats were investigated. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of DMF and its crude triterpenoids on lipid peroxidation occurred in a dose−response manner in an AAPH/linoleic acid system. When HepG2 cells were pretreated with DMF at the concentration of 0.10 mg/mL for 4 h and then induced by 1 h of treatment with H2O2 (100 μM), lipid peroxidation was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, as measured by the formation of malondialdehyde. The oral pretreatment with DMF [0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg of body weight (bw)] for 5 consecutive days prior to the administration of a single dose of 40% CCl4 (0.10 mL/100 g of bw, ip) significantly prevented the increase in serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers (alanine and aspartate aminotransferase) and liver lipid per...
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protective effects of fermented filtrate from antrodia camphorata in Submerged Culture against ccl4 induced hepatic toxicity in rats
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Tuzzying Song, Gowchin YenAbstract:The protective effects and the possible mechanisms of dry matter of fermented filtrate (DMF) from Antrodia camphorata in Submerged Culture (ACSC) on H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of DMF and its crude triterpenoids on lipid peroxidation occurred in a dose-response manner in an AAPH/linoleic acid system. When HepG2 cells were pretreated with DMF at the concentration of 0.10 mg/mL for 4 h and then induced b y1ho ftreatment with H2O2 (100 IM), lipid peroxidation was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, as measured by the formation of malondialdehyde. The oral pretreatment with DMF [0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg of body weight (bw)] for 5 consecutive days prior to the administration of a single dose of 40% CCl4 (0.10 mL/100 g of bw, ip) significantly prevented the increase in serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers (alanine and aspartate aminotransferase) and liver lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05). Histopathological evaluation of the rat liver revealed that DMF reduced the incidence of liver lesions, including neutrophil infiltration, hydropic swelling, and necrosis induced by CCl4 in rats. Moreover, reduced glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase) and the GSH/ GSSG ratio were significantly improved in the oral pretreatment DMF of rats (p < 0.01). The results suggest that DMF may play a role in preventing oxidative damage in living systems by up-regulating hepatic GSH-dependent enzymes to preserve the normal GSH/GSSH ratio and scavenging free radicals formed during CCl4 metabolism.
