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Yong Bai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Risk Assessment and Reliability Analysis of Subsea Production Systems
Volume 2A: Structures Safety and Reliability, 2020Co-Authors: Liaqat Ali, Shan Jin, Yong BaiAbstract:Abstract In past years, offshore oil and gas accidents have often occurred. Environmental hazards have the capability of turning into very difficult to manage in addition with the modern technology limits and lack of a fail-safe operation that can identify, control and terminate the accidents. However, the offshore crude oil also natural gas search and development is expanding to deep-water and moving promptly to the Subsea production Systems. (SPS). Though, the complicate Subsea equipment material besides frequency offshore disasters stimulated the consideration onto the risk analysis of Subsea Systems. Detection of the impact of deep-water oil and gas reserves in the Subsea production System. However, loss of SPSs can contribute to massive industrial failure, severe natural pollution, and indeed serious disasters. Therefore, the reliability analysis and safety of SPS have turned into a dominant consideration. This study addresses on the hazards and risk conditions which must be concentrated in the Subsea machinery associated within surface equipments. Furthermore, the risks identification also the risk investigation onto Subsea “Xmas tree” System is brought out. An over-all risk avert procedure of Subsea “Xmas tree” System is represented, also the reliability evaluation method. Moreover, several recommendations on Subsea production maintenance and detection are given in this research. This paper is reviewing the following section, Subsea production System, hazards or risk identification, environmental issues, hydrate problems, corrosion problems, safety issues, risk assessment on Subsea “Xmas tree”, reliability issues of a Subsea System.
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Subsea System Engineering
Subsea Engineering Handbook, 2010Co-Authors: Yong Bai, Qiang BaiAbstract:Flow assurance is an engineering analysis process that is used to ensure that hydrocarbon fluids are transmitted economically from the reservoir to the end user over the life of a project in any environment. Flow assurance analysis is a recognized critical part of the design and operation of Subsea oil/gas Systems. Flow assurance challenges focus mainly on the prevention and control of solid deposits that could potentially block the flow of product. The solids of concern generally are hydrates, wax, and asphaltenes. Sometimes scale and sand are also included. Flow assurance has become more challenging in recent years in Subsea field developments involving long-distance tie-backs and deepwater. The challenges include a combination of low temperature, high hydrostatic pressure for deepwater and economic reasons for long offsets. The solutions to solids deposition problems in Subsea Systems are different for gas versus oil Systems. Flow assurance is only successful when the operations generate a reliable, manageable, and profitable flow of hydrocarbon fluids from the reservoir to the end user.
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Chapter 7 – Subsea Control
Subsea Engineering Handbook, 2010Co-Authors: Yong Bai, Qiang BaiAbstract:Publisher Summary The Subsea control System operates the valves and chokes on Subsea trees, manifold/templates, and pipelines. It also receives and transmits the data between the surface and Subsea, which helps engineers monitoring the status of production by indicating temperatures, pressures, sand detection, etc. The location of control devices is extremely important. Careful consideration to the location of controls can result in a reduction in the amount of piping and cabling and the number of connections required, which in turn influences the Subsea installation and retrieval tasks. The typical control elements include the following: topside: Electrical power unit, hydraulic power unit, master control station, topside umbilical termination assembly; Subsea: umbilicals, Subsea umbilical termination assembly, electrical and hydraulic flying leads, Subsea control module, etc. The fundamental purpose of a control System is to open and close valves. However, other properties, such as instrumentation, provide chock control and important diagnostics. The five types of fundamental control Systems are: direct hydraulic; piloted hydraulic; sequenced hydraulic; multiplex electrohydraulic; and all-electric. The simplest remotely operated System for control and monitoring of a Subsea System is the direct hydraulic control System. In this System each valve actuator is controlled through its own hydraulic line. This System is typically used for workover applications and small Systems, and is especially common in single-satellite oil/gas fields of distances less than 15 km.
Longbin Tao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reliability analysis and optimisation of Subsea compression System facing operational covariate stresses
Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2016Co-Authors: Ikenna Anthony Okaro, Longbin TaoAbstract:This paper proposes an enhanced Weibull-Corrosion Covariate model for reliability assessment of a System facing operational stresses. The newly developed model is applied to a Subsea Gas Compression System planned for offshore West Africa to predict its reliability index. System technical failure was modelled by developing a Weibull failure model incorporating a physically tested corrosion profile as stress in order to quantify the survival rate of the System under additional operational covariates including marine pH, temperature and pressure. Using Reliability Block Diagrams and enhanced Fusell-Vesely formulations, the whole System was Systematically decomposed to sub-Systems to analyse the criticality of each component and optimise them. Human reliability was addressed using an enhanced barrier weighting method. A rapid degradation curve is obtained on a Subsea System relative to the base case subjected to a time-dependent corrosion stress factor. It reveals that Subsea System components failed faster than their Mean time to failure specifications from Offshore Reliability Database as a result of cumulative marine stresses exertion. The case study demonstrated that the reliability of a Subsea System can be Systematically optimised by modelling the System under higher technical and organisational stresses, prioritising the critical sub-Systems and making befitting provisions for redundancy and tolerances.
R. M. Chandima Ratnayake - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Knowledge based engineering approach for Subsea pipeline Systems’ FFR assessment: A fuzzy expert System
The TQM Journal, 2016Co-Authors: R. M. Chandima RatnayakeAbstract:Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on developing a knowledge-based engineering (KBE) approach to recycle the knowledge accrued in an industrial organization for the mitigation of unwanted events due to human error. The recycling of the accrued knowledge is vital in mitigating the variance present at different levels of engineering applications, evaluations and assessments in assuring Systems’ safety. The approach is illustrated in relation to Subsea Systems’ functional failure risk (FFR) analysis. Design/methodology/approach – A fuzzy expert System (FES)-based approach has been proposed to facilitate FFR assessment and to make knowledge recycling possible via a rule base and membership functions (MFs). The MFs have been developed based on the experts’ knowledge, data, information, and on their insights into the selected Subsea System. The rule base has been developed to fulfill requirements and guidelines specified in DNV standard DNV-RP-F116 and NORSOK standard Z-008. Findings – It is possib...
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Subsea Systems Functional Failure Consequence Classification: A Case Study From a Subsea Manifold
Volume 3: Structures Safety and Reliability, 2015Co-Authors: R. M. Chandima Ratnayake, T. Garten, A. BarreAbstract:Subsea Systems’ functional failure consequence classification (FFCC) and initial screening has been a stringent requirement for Subsea Systems operating on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). Hence, it is of great importance to establish approach(es) for the Subsea Systems’ FFCC. The study performed in this manuscript focuses on adapting existing guidelines, which are available in NORSOK Z-008, to develop an approach for performing the FFCC for a Subsea System. A case study has been carried out which is closely aligned with a real-time project to perform Subsea manifold related FFCC. The approach has been developed with the help of existing internal documents, data, information, and the experiences of the Subsea Systems’ owner as well as requirements pertaining to regularity authorities’ related guidelines, other existing similar work and established standards. The manuscript also illustrates a framework of the work process and illustrative analysis results.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Rogerio Fernandes Lacerda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Transient Evaluation for LPG and Oil Pipelines
2010 8th International Pipeline Conference Volume 2, 2010Co-Authors: Patricia Meliande, Elson Antônio Do Nascimento, Rogerio Fernandes LacerdaAbstract:Nowadays, anticipating and controlling transient response is a critical design activity for ensuring both safety and integrity of the operational Subsea System. Predicting transient effect, commonly known as surge pressure, is of high importance for offshore industry. In order to determine the installation of protection equipments to avoid surge pressure effects, the operational teams have raised concerns, whether the System is adequately designed to protect the Subsea System against possible surge pressures during the event of sudden closure of a valve. Researches, referred to transient effects, explain that is necessary to evaluate the System performance under current and desired operating conditions. The main goal of this paper is to predict the surge pressure during unforeseen closure valves at Refrigerated LPG and Gasoline (C5+ ) pipeline Systems. In these Systems the valves are located downstream the flowlines. Detailed computer modeling attempts to simulate the complex interactions between flowline and fluid, aiming at providing efficient flowline System integrity. These models are based on Transient Methodology which is defined for a set of nonlinear partial differential equations that relate fundamental variables with pressure head and flow velocity. The solution of differential equations has been carried out by Finite Difference Method that transforms these equations into characteristic equations. These can be accurately solved through high-speed digital computers. Flowmaster, Chicago, USA, was the software used to develop the analysis models. The software offers an advanced graphical interface to build networks and resultant graphics. The results from Flowmaster have been validated through a defined methodology that applies the Characteristics Method based on Wylie and Streeter assumptions. Simulations considering the fluid as gasoline have shown a sudden damping of pressure wave when the valve closure time was 10 seconds, leading to the restoration of the initial flow conditions. The analysis using the Method of Characteristics, however, does not exhibit this sudden damping, although a gradually reduction of fluctuations around the initial pressure are observed. The transient analysis through Flowmaster for Refrigerated LPG leads to a pressure envelope that shows a change of the flow direction triggering a cyclical process until the restoration of the initial operational conditions.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Sirous Yasseri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Subsea System readiness level assessment
Underwater Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Sirous YasseriAbstract:Both the American Petroleum Institute (API) 17N: 2009 and Det Norske Veritas (DNV) RP-A203 (2011) recommend that the technologies inserted into Subsea installations should be assessed during design and manufacturing using a technology readiness level (TRL) scale. This should be used as a measure of maturity of all the individual technologies, for qualification and readiness assurance. This paper proposes the creation of a System-based approach for managing the development of Subsea Systems and making effective decisions to ensure the efficient progress of the project. It recommends complementing TRL with an integration readiness level (IRL) scale, to address IRL between the inserted technologies, along with a System readiness level (SRL) scale to assess the overall project status. It also presents a method for combining the current TRL scale and the proposed new IRL scale to determine an estimate of SRL at all stages of a Subsea System development. This provides a composite metric for determining the System readiness level for project delivery. The application of the new proposed scales is demonstrated using a case example.
