The Experts below are selected from a list of 144 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Simon Carpenter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Culicoides species composition and molecular identification of host blood meals at two zoos in the UK
Parasites & Vectors, 2020Co-Authors: Marion E. England, Simon Gubbins, Eric Denison, Paul Pearce-kelly, Victor A. Brugman, Simon King, Fiona Sach, Christopher J. Sanders, Nic J. Masters, Simon CarpenterAbstract:Background Culicoides biting midges are biological vectors of arboviruses including bluetongue virus (BTV), Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and African horse sickness virus (AHSV). Zoos are home to a wide range of ‘at risk’ exotic and native species of animals. These animals have a high value both in monetary terms, conservation significance and breeding potential. To understand the risk these viruses pose to zoo animals, it is necessary to characterise the Culicoides fauna at zoos and determine which potential vector species are feeding on which hosts. Methods Light-Suction Traps were used at two UK zoos: the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) London Zoo (LZ) and ZSL Whipsnade Zoo (WZ). Traps were run one night each week from June 2014 to June 2015. Culicoides were morphologically identified to the species level and any blood-fed Culicoides were processed for blood-meal analysis. DNA from blood meals was extracted and amplified using previously published primers. Sequencing was then carried out to determine the host species. Results A total of 11,648 Culicoides were trapped and identified ( n = 5880 from ZSL WZ; n = 5768 from ZSL LZ), constituting 25 different species. The six putative vectors of BTV, SBV and AHSV in northern Europe were found at both zoos and made up the majority of the total catch ( n = 10,701). A total of 31 host sequences were obtained from blood-fed Culicoides. Culicoides obsoletus / C. scoticus , Culicoides dewulfi , Culicoides parroti and Culicoides punctatus were found to be biting a wide range of mammals including Bactrian camels, Indian rhinoceros, Asian elephants and humans, with Culicoides obsoletus/C. scoticus also biting Darwin’s rhea. The bird-biting species, Culicoides achrayi , was found to be feeding on blackbirds, blue tits, magpies and carrion crows. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to directly confirm blood-feeding of Culicoides on exotic zoo animals in the UK and shows that they are able to utilise a wide range of exotic as well as native host species. Due to the susceptibility of some zoo animals to Culicoides -borne arboviruses, this study demonstrates that in the event of an outbreak of one of these viruses in the UK, preventative and mitigating measures would need to be taken.
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a comparison of commercial light emitting diode baited Suction Traps for surveillance of culicoides in northern europe
Parasites & Vectors, 2015Co-Authors: Andrew Hope, Simon Gubbins, Christopher Sanders, Eric Denison, James Barber, Francesca Stubbins, Matthew Baylis, Simon CarpenterAbstract:Background The response of Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to artificial light sources has led to the use of light-Suction Traps in surveillance programmes. Recent integration of light emitting diodes (LED) in Traps improves flexibility in trapping through reduced power requirements and also allows the wavelength of light used for trapping to be customized. This study investigates the responses of Culicoides to LED light-Suction Traps emitting different wavelengths of light to make recommendations for use in surveillance.
D. A. J. Teulon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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THEUSEOFSuctionTrapsFORDETECTIONOF UNWANTEDINVASIVEINSECTSAND OTHERINVERTEBRATES
2020Co-Authors: D. A. J. Teulon, I. A. W. ScottAbstract:This paper reviews the potential for using Suction Traps, especially existing networks, to detect unwanted exotic insects and invertebrates invading new locations. Suction Traps are thought to sample small, fragile, slow and weak flying insects better than other methods. Suction Traps over 6 m high have been shown to catch invertebrates from at least 13 different insect orders and 87 different insect families as well as Acari (mites) and Araneae (spiders). Suction Traps have provided the first location records for a number of aphid species and new records of invasive species. Several issues require attention if Suction Traps are to become established tools for detection of unwanted invasive organisms. These include minimising the cost of Traps, developing rapid identification methods, establishing the optimum location of the Traps and investigating the ability of Suction Traps to catch species in time for remedial action.
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Lower incidence of yellow dwarf disease in autumn-sown wheat crops in New Zealand is linked with sowing dates, insecticide regimes and aerial aphid numbers
Australasian Plant Pathology, 2016Co-Authors: Rf Toor, M A W Stufkens, Rc Butler, D. A. J. TeulonAbstract:Symptoms of yellow dwarf disease caused by Luteoviridae viruses (YDV) in each of 43–75 autumn-sown wheat crops per year were monitored for six years during 1998–2005 in Canterbury, New Zealand. They were related to seed and foliar insecticide applications and the numbers of YDV aphid vectors from one to four regional 7.5 m high Suction Traps during the crop emergence–GS 30 virus infection-risk period. Over the five years when YDV was assessed in each crop on visual symptoms at flag leaf, the YDV incidence in untreated crops tended to increase with increasing numbers of flying aphids. When aphid numbers were below a relatively low threshold during the risk period for each crop, YDV incidence was low irrespective of insecticide treatments. Above this aphid threshold, the incidence of YDV was lowest in crops with an insecticide programme of an imidacloprid seed treatment followed by one foliar application of lambda-cyhalothrin at 17–24 g ai ha^−1. This regime was estimated to provide protection from aphid-transmitted virus infection for approximately 50 % of the risk period irrespective of sowing date. Wheat crops treated with an imidacloprid-seed treatment plus one insecticide foliar application had 96 % less virus incidence than untreated crops, and one foliar application alone had 70 % less incidence. These results suggest that a tool incorporating aphid flight patterns and wheat growth stages could be developed to optimise insecticide applications for control of secondary aphid incursions in autumn sown wheat crops in New Zealand.
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The use of Suction Traps for detection of unwanted invasive insects and other invertebrates
New Zealand Plant Protection, 2006Co-Authors: D. A. J. Teulon, I. A. W. ScottAbstract:This paper reviews the potential for using Suction Traps especially existing networks to detect unwanted exotic insects and invertebrates invading new locations Suction Traps are thought to sample small fragile slow and weak flying insects better than other methods Suction Traps over 6 m high have been shown to catch invertebrates from at least 13 different insect orders and 87 different insect families as well as Acari (mites) and Araneae (spiders) Suction Traps have provided the first location records for a number of aphid species and new records of invasive species Several issues require attention if Suction Traps are to become established tools for detection of unwanted invasive organisms These include minimising the cost of Traps developing rapid identification methods establishing the optimum location of the Traps and investigating the ability of Suction Traps to catch species in time for remedial action
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crop infestation by aphids is related to flight activity detected with 7 5 metre high Suction Traps
New Zealand Plant Protection, 2004Co-Authors: D. A. J. Teulon, M A W Stufkens, J D FletcherAbstract:The flight activity of aphid pests of wheat, potato, lettuce and squash is currently monitored in New Zealand using 7.5 m Suction Traps. However, there has been little research comparing aphid Suction trap catches with crop infestation levels. The relationship between the average number of aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi) sampled from wheat plants and the average number of aphids caught in weekly 7.5 m Suction trap samples was examined. A significant positive relationship indicated that numbers of aphids caught in Suction Traps reflected the numbers of aphids infesting wheat fields. In another experiment, potato aphid flights (mostly Myzus persicae) caught in a 7.5 m Suction trap were compared with a nearby wind-vane trap. Aphid numbers in both Traps reflected similar trends. However, the Suction trap caught approximately 10 times more aphids than the wind-vane trap. Thus 7.5 m Suction Traps provide a useful tool for assessing aphid infestation levels in crops.
B Fenton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microsatellite marker analysis of peach potato aphids myzus persicae homoptera aphididae from scottish Suction Traps
Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2006Co-Authors: G Malloch, J Pickup, F Highet, L Kasprowicz, Roy Neilson, B FentonAbstract:: The peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) is an important vector of plant viruses. A network of Suction Traps collects aerial samples of this aphid in order to monitor and help predict its spatial distribution and likely impact on virus transmission in crops. A Suction trap catch is thought to be a good representation of the total aphid pool. Sensitive molecular markers have been developed that determine the genetic composition of the M. persicae population. In Scotland, UK, these were applied to field collections revealing a limited number of clones. Molecular markers are less successful when applied to specimens that have been preserved in an ethanol-based trap fluid designed to preserve morphology. An assessment of different DNA extraction and PCR techniques is presented and the most efficient are used to analyse M. persicae specimens caught in the Dundee Suction trap in 2001, a year when exceptionally high numbers were caught. The results reveal that the majority of the M. persicae caught belonged to two highly insecticide resistant clones. In addition, it was possible to compare the relative frequencies of genotypes caught in the trap with those collected at insecticide treated and untreated field sites in the vicinity. These results indicate that, in addition to Suction trap data, the ability to sample field sites provides valuable early warning data which have implications for pest control and virus management strategies.
Humphrey Q. P. Crick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Linking agricultural practice to insect and bird populations: A historical study over three decades
Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002Co-Authors: Tim G. Benton, Lorna Cole, David M Bryant, Humphrey Q. P. CrickAbstract:1. There is continuing debate about the impact of agricultural practices on farmland wildlife. In particular, it has been postulated that a general decline in insect abundance linked with intensification of agriculture may have contributed to farmland bird decline. While some autecological studies have supported this hypothesis, larger-scale and long-term studies are needed. 2. Suction Traps mounted on 12.2-m towers (Rothamsted-type) have been sampling aerial insects for nearly 40 years throughout the UK. Their catches are correlated over large spatial scales. We analysed insect catch data from a single Suction trap run for 27 years in a rural location in Scotland, and showed that insect numbers have changed significantly over time, although non-linearly. The multivariate data set (numbers from the 12 common arthropod groups) was summarized using principal components analysis (PCA) to extract three components explaining 62% of the variation. 3. We also used PCA to describe agricultural change, using published agricultural data for eight measures of farming in Scotland. Arthropod abundance and principal component (PC) scores were significantly related to the agricultural PC scores as well to summary climatic measures. 4. Using Scottish data from the British Trust for Ornithology Common Birds Census, we extracted three PC to describe the time-dependent average densities of 15 common farmland birds in Scotland. Measures of bird density were significantly related to insect abundance and PC scores and, independently, to measures of agriculture and climate. 5. These data from a broad suite of species provide support for linked temporal change between farmland birds, invertebrate numbers and agricultural practice in Scotland. Although entirely correlative, the results are consistent with the view that agricultural change has influenced birds through changes in food quality or quantity. The work also shows how large-scale invertebrate sampling, in this case using Suction Traps, is useful for monitoring farmland biodiversity.
Bertrand Losson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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culicoides trapping with rothamsted Suction Traps before and during the bluetongue epidemic of 2006 in belgium
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: C Fassotte, Jean Claude Delecolle, R Cors, T Defrance, R De Deken, Eric Haubruge, Bertrand LossonAbstract:Abstract The collection of biting midges was taking place some months before the first bluetongue outbreak in Belgium in August 2006. The Walloon Agricultural Research Centre had been monitoring aphid populations at two sites annually in Belgium (Gembloux and Libramont), using two stationary ‘12-m’ Rothamsted Suction Traps. For the Gembloux trap, collections of insects captured daily from 11 May 2006 onwards were already available at the time of the outbreak. An examination of these samples revealed the presence of Culicoides , some species of which are considered as potential vectors of the bluetongue virus (BTV). The trapping was therefore extended beyond the normal aphid activity period and the Culicoides captured were identified to species level. From 11 May to 31 December 2006, the Gembloux trap caught 664 Culicoides specimens belonging to 19 species comprising known BTV-vectors. The second trap, at Libramont, was reactivated from 12 September to 13 October and caught 97 specimens belonging to nine species, all of which had been found at the Gembloux site. Among the 19 species identified, four were new to Belgian fauna: Culicoides achrayi , C. deltus , C. lupicaris and C. newsteadi . This paper examines the overall phenology and the physiological status of Culicoides in 2006 before and during the bluetongue epidemic. It discusses the potential of the Rothamsted Suction trap to monitor Culicoides .
