The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hu Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of two additives on the fermentation in vitro digestibility and aerobic security of sorghum Sudangrass hybrid silages
Grass and Forage Science, 2015Co-Authors: L Y Han, Hu ZhouAbstract:Two additives (Silo Guard (SG) and propionic acid (PA)) were tested for their effects on the quality and aerobic security of sorghum–Sudangrass hybrid silages (JC-1 and WC-2). Two sorghum–Sudangrass hybrid varieties were harvested for ensiling without additives (CK) or after the following treatments: SG at 0·5% of fresh forage or PA at 0·5% of fresh forage, with three replicates per treatment. The addition of SG and PA both affected the fermentation quality and chemical composition of the silages by lowering pH and NH3-N/TN and increasing lactic acid, the LA/TA ratio, WSC and CP concentrations compared with the untreated silages. In vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD) and in vitro CP digestibility (IVCPD) were increased by SG in the JC-1 silages and WC-2 silages. Both additives improved the aerobic stability of sorghum–Sudangrass hybrid silages. Furthermore, the additives reduced the mould counts and the aflatoxin and zearalenone levels compared with the untreated silages following aerobic exposure. Therefore, ensiling two sorghum–Sudangrass hybrid varieties resulted in high-quality silages. The addition of SG and PA improved silage quality, in vitro digestibility and aerobic security.
L Y Han - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of two additives on the fermentation in vitro digestibility and aerobic security of sorghum Sudangrass hybrid silages
Grass and Forage Science, 2015Co-Authors: L Y Han, Hu ZhouAbstract:Two additives (Silo Guard (SG) and propionic acid (PA)) were tested for their effects on the quality and aerobic security of sorghum–Sudangrass hybrid silages (JC-1 and WC-2). Two sorghum–Sudangrass hybrid varieties were harvested for ensiling without additives (CK) or after the following treatments: SG at 0·5% of fresh forage or PA at 0·5% of fresh forage, with three replicates per treatment. The addition of SG and PA both affected the fermentation quality and chemical composition of the silages by lowering pH and NH3-N/TN and increasing lactic acid, the LA/TA ratio, WSC and CP concentrations compared with the untreated silages. In vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD) and in vitro CP digestibility (IVCPD) were increased by SG in the JC-1 silages and WC-2 silages. Both additives improved the aerobic stability of sorghum–Sudangrass hybrid silages. Furthermore, the additives reduced the mould counts and the aflatoxin and zearalenone levels compared with the untreated silages following aerobic exposure. Therefore, ensiling two sorghum–Sudangrass hybrid varieties resulted in high-quality silages. The addition of SG and PA improved silage quality, in vitro digestibility and aerobic security.
Susanne Schroetter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of drought tolerance of maize, sweet sorghum and sorghum-Sudangrass hybrids
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 2013Co-Authors: Siegfried Schittenhelm, Susanne SchroetterAbstract:In drought-prone environments, sweet sorghum and sorghum-Sudangrass hybrids are considered worthy alternatives to maize for biogas production. The biomass productivity of the three crops was compared by growing them side-by-side in a rain-out shelter under different levels of plant available soil water (PASW) during the growing periods of 2008 to 2010 at Braunschweig, Germany. All crops were established under high levels of soil water. Thereafter, the crops either remained at the wet level (60–80 % PASW) or were subjected to moderate (40–50 % PASW) and severe drought stress (15–25 % PASW). While the above-ground dry weight (ADW) of sweet sorghum and maize was insignificantly different under well-watered conditions, sweet sorghum under severe drought stress produced 27 % more ADW than maize. The ADW of sorghum-Sudangrass hybrids significantly lagged behind sweet sorghum at all levels of water supply. The three crops differed markedly in their susceptibility to water shortage. Severe drought stress reduced the ADW of maize by 51 %, but only by 37 % for sweet sorghum and 35 % for sorghum-Sudangrass hybrids. The post-harvest root dry weight (RDW) in the 0–100 cm soil layer for maize, sweet sorghum and sorghum-Sudangrass hybrids averaged 4.4, 6.1 and 2.9 t ha−1 under wet and 1.9, 5.7 and 2.4 t ha−1 under severe drought stress. Under these most dry conditions, the sorghum crops had relatively higher RDW and root length density (RLD) in the deeper soil layers than maize. The subsoil RDW proportion (20–100 vs. 0–20 cm) for maize, sweet sorghum and sorghum-Sudangrass hybrids amounted to 6 %, 10 % and 20 %. The higher ADM of sweet sorghum compared with maize under dry conditions is most likely attributable to the deep root penetration and high proportion of roots in the subsoil, which confers the sorghum crop a high water uptake capacity.
Naoki Nishino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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association of lactobacillus buchneri with aerobic stability of total mixed ration containing wet brewers grains preserved as a silage
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Fujin Wang, Naoki NishinoAbstract:Abstract Laboratory-scale plastic silos were prepared to examine bacterial factors associated with the aerobic stability of total mixed rations (TMR) preserved as a silage after mixing. In experiment 1, TMR silages containing wet brewers grains (BG), hay (lucerne or Sudangrass), maize grain, wheat bran, beet pulp and liquid molasses, were ensiled for 14 and 56 days, and bacterial communities were examined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The silages resisted aerobic deterioration for as long as 2 weeks, except that heating occurred after 5.5 days in 14-day silage prepared with Sudangrass hay. The DGGE analyses indicated that, although not found in the materials, Lactobacillus buchneri and L. brevis were detectable in long-stored TMR silage. L. delbrueckii and L. fermentum were found in the materials, and appeared to survive during fermentation and after exposure to air. There were few changes in the DGGE profiles before and after heating in deteriorated silage containing Sudangrass hay. In experiment 2, TMR silage with ingredients similar to those in experiment 1 was prepared, and culturable lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the plates of de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe agar. L. delbrueckii and L. fermentum were obtained from the materials but not from TMR silage. L. buchneri and L. brevis were not found in the materials, but more than one-third of the isolates were L. buchneri and L. brevis in 14- and 56-day silages, respectively. In experiment 3, whole crop maize was inoculated with L. buchneri , L. brevis , L. delbrueckii and L. fermentum isolates, and fermentation and aerobic stability were determined. No changes occurred from L. brevis , L. delbrueckii and L. fermentum inoculation, while aerobic spoilage was suppressed by L. buchneri with increases in pH and acetic acid content. Results indicate that, whilst not found in BG or the TMR mixture, L. buchneri can become detectable during fermentation, and this bacterium helps establish aerobic stability of BG-containing TMR silage.
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resistance to aerobic deterioration of total mixed ration silage effect of ration formulation air infiltration and storage period on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2008Co-Authors: Fujin Wang, Naoki NishinoAbstract:BACKGROUND: High aerobic stability can be expected when wet brewers' grains are stored as a total mixed ration (TMR) silage. To understand the factors affecting the stability, the effects of ration formulation, air infiltration and storage period were studied. RESULTS: A TMR containing wet brewers' grains, hay, maize, wheat bran, beet pulp and molasses was ensiled in laboratory silos for 14 and 56 days. The effects of hay species (lucerne or Sudangrass) and air infiltration (Exp. 1) and of excluding one, two or three items from the six ingredients (Exp. 2) were examined. Ethanol was the main fermentation product in all TMR silages in this study. Aerobic deterioration occurred in 14 day silages prepared with Sudangrass hay along with air infiltration (Exp. 1), and with the simplest recipe where three items (hay, maize and wheat bran) were excluded (Exp. 2). No deterioration occurred in 56 day silages regardless of ration formulation and air infiltration. Yeasts receded in 56 day silages, except with the simplest recipe, to the 102 cfu g−1 level and remained undetectable in the presence of air (Exp. 2). CONCLUSION: TMR silage can resist aerobic deterioration provided that a sufficient ensiling period has elapsed. Silages stored for only a few weeks may be susceptible to deterioration when air is infiltrated or where fewer ingredients are used in the TMR mixture. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Chihiro Inoue - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hydroponic approach to assess rhizodegradation by Sudangrass sorghum x drummondii reveals ph and plant age dependent variability in bacterial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020Co-Authors: John Jewish A Dominguez, Chihiro Inoue, Mei Fang ChienAbstract:Abstract Rhizodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a product of complex interactions between plant and bacteria. In this study, hydroponic culture of Sudangrass was established in order to investigate the effects of the plant on PAHs degradation and vice versa through changes in rhizosphere bacterial community. Results showed a plant-induced variability in PAHs degradation dependent on a characteristic shift in bacterial community, with pH and plant age as driving factors. Moreover, bacterial communities with high diversity seemed to abate the phytotoxic effects of PAHs degradation as observed in the plant’s gross health. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and next-generation sequencing revealed that regardless of plant age and culture conditions, the increase or decrease of Sphingobium sp. could dictate the PAHs degradation potential of the bacterial consortium. Overall, this study utilized hydroponic culture of Sudangrass to show that plant even of same species can suppress, support, or enhance PAHs degradation of bacteria depending on specific factors.
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enhanced degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs in the rhizosphere of Sudangrass sorghum drummondii
Chemosphere, 2019Co-Authors: John Jewish A Dominguez, Hernando P Bacosa, Mei Fang Chien, Chihiro InoueAbstract:Grasses are advantageous in the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil because of their fibrous root, high tolerance to environmental stress, and low nutritional requirements. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to test the ability of four grasses to remove PAHs in the soil, and to investigate the corresponding bacterial community shift in the rhizosphere of each. Sudangrass achieved the maximum removal of PAHs at 98% dissipation rate after 20 days. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and next-generation sequencing revealed that Sudangrass specially enriched the growth of a known PAHs degrader, Sphingomonadales, regardless of the presence or absence of PAHs in the soil. Moreover, the gene copy numbers of PAHs catabolic genes, PAH-RHDα and nidA, as measured by real time-PCR (RT-PCR) were highest in the soil planted with Sudangrass. Overall, this study suggested that Sudangrass further enhanced the dissipation of PAHs by enriching Sphingomonadales in its rhizosphere.
