The Experts below are selected from a list of 201 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Steven J. Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anthropogenic Sulfur Dioxide emissions 1850 2005
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2011Co-Authors: Steven J. Smith, J Van Aardenne, Z Klimont, R J Andres, A Volke, Delgado S AriasAbstract:Abstract. Sulfur aerosols impact human health, ecosystems, agriculture, and global and regional climate. A new annual estimate of anthropogenic global and regional Sulfur Dioxide emissions has been constructed spanning the period 1850–2005 using a bottom-up mass balance method, calibrated to country-level inventory data. Global emissions peaked in the early 1970s and decreased until 2000, with an increase in recent years due to increased emissions in China, international shipping, and developing countries in general. An uncertainty analysis was conducted including both random and systemic uncertainties. The overall global uncertainty in Sulfur Dioxide emissions is relatively small, but regional uncertainties ranged up to 30%. The largest contributors to uncertainty at present are emissions from China and international shipping. Emissions were distributed on a 0.5° grid by sector for use in coordinated climate model experiments.
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Future Sulfur Dioxide Emissions
Climatic Change, 2005Co-Authors: Steven J. Smith, Hugh M. Pitcher, Tom M. L. WigleyAbstract:The importance of Sulfur Dioxide emissions for climate change is now established, although substantial uncertainties remain. This paper presents projections for future Sulfur Dioxide emissions using the MiniCAM integrated assessment model. A new income-based parameterization for future Sulfur Dioxide emissions controls is developed based on purchasing power parity (PPP) income estimates and historical trends related to the implementation of Sulfur emissions limitations. This parameterization is then used to produce Sulfur Dioxide emissions trajectories for the set of scenarios developed for the Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES). We use the SRES methodology to produce harmonized SRES scenarios using the latest version of the MiniCAM model. The implications, and requirements, for integrated assessment modeling of Sulfur Dioxide emissions are discussed. We find that Sulfur emissions eventually decline over the next century under a wide set of assumptions. These emission reductions result from a combination of emission controls, the adoption of advanced electric technologies, and a shift away from the direct end use of coal with increasing income levels. Only under a scenario where incomes in developing regions increase slowly do global emission levels remain at close to present levels over the next century. Under a climate policy that limits emissions of carbon Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide emissions fall in a relatively narrow range. In most cases, the relative climatic effect of Sulfur Dioxide emissions decreases dramatically to a point where Sulfur Dioxide is only a minor component of climate forcing by the end of the century. Ecological effects of Sulfur Dioxide, however, could be significant in some developing regions for many decades to come.
Michael C Willis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rediscovering the Chemistry of Sulfur Dioxide: New Developments in Synthesis and Catalysis
Synthesis, 2014Co-Authors: Alex S. Deeming, Edward J. Emmett, Charlotte S. Richards-taylor, Michael C WillisAbstract:The recent development of several Sulfur Dioxide surrogates has seen a renaissance in its chemistry, with a number of new synthetic methods being reported. This article reviews the reactions of Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide surrogates, with an emphasis on recent examples. 1 Introduction 2 Sulfur Dioxide Surrogates 3 Reactions with Organometallic Reagents 4 Pericyclic Reactions 5 Sulfur Dioxide Radical Chemistry 6 Transition-Metal-Catalysed Processes 7 Conclusions
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dabco bis Sulfur Dioxide dabso as a convenient source of Sulfur Dioxide for organic synthesis utility in sulfonamide and sulfamide preparation
Organic Letters, 2011Co-Authors: Holly Woolven, Carlos Gonzalezrodriguez, Isabel Marco, Amber L Thompson, Michael C WillisAbstract:The charge-transfer complex generated from the combination of DABCO and Sulfur Dioxide, DABSO, is a bench-stable colorless solid suitable for use in organic synthesis as a replacement for gaseous Sulfur Dioxide. The complex can be combined with Grignard reagents to form sulfinates, which can then be converted in situ to a series of sulfonamides. Alternatively, reaction with anilines and iodine leads to the formation of a series of sulfamides. Cheletropic addition between DABSO and 2,3-dimethylbutadiene provides the corresponding sulfolene.
Tom M. L. Wigley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Future Sulfur Dioxide Emissions
Climatic Change, 2005Co-Authors: Steven J. Smith, Hugh M. Pitcher, Tom M. L. WigleyAbstract:The importance of Sulfur Dioxide emissions for climate change is now established, although substantial uncertainties remain. This paper presents projections for future Sulfur Dioxide emissions using the MiniCAM integrated assessment model. A new income-based parameterization for future Sulfur Dioxide emissions controls is developed based on purchasing power parity (PPP) income estimates and historical trends related to the implementation of Sulfur emissions limitations. This parameterization is then used to produce Sulfur Dioxide emissions trajectories for the set of scenarios developed for the Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES). We use the SRES methodology to produce harmonized SRES scenarios using the latest version of the MiniCAM model. The implications, and requirements, for integrated assessment modeling of Sulfur Dioxide emissions are discussed. We find that Sulfur emissions eventually decline over the next century under a wide set of assumptions. These emission reductions result from a combination of emission controls, the adoption of advanced electric technologies, and a shift away from the direct end use of coal with increasing income levels. Only under a scenario where incomes in developing regions increase slowly do global emission levels remain at close to present levels over the next century. Under a climate policy that limits emissions of carbon Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide emissions fall in a relatively narrow range. In most cases, the relative climatic effect of Sulfur Dioxide emissions decreases dramatically to a point where Sulfur Dioxide is only a minor component of climate forcing by the end of the century. Ecological effects of Sulfur Dioxide, however, could be significant in some developing regions for many decades to come.
Mark A. Arnold - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Optical sensor for Sulfur Dioxide based on fluorescence quenching
Talanta, 1999Co-Authors: Taha M. A. Razek, Michael J. Miller, Saad S. M. Hassan, Mark A. ArnoldAbstract:A series of potential indicator dyes is evaluated for use in the development of optical sensors for measuring Sulfur Dioxide in gaseous samples. Rhodamine B isothiocyanate is selected on the basis of relative sensitivity to dynamic quenching by Sulfur Dioxide and oxygen. A solid-state fluorometer is described for monitoring the Sulfur Dioxide induced fluorescence quenching of sensing membranes composed of silicone and rhodamine B isothiocyanate. A modulated blue LED is coupled with the lock-in detection of a photodiode detector to provide high signal-to-noise ratios. The limit of detection is 0.114+/-0.009% for Sulfur Dioxide in a carrier stream of nitrogen gas. Selectivity measurements indicate no interference from several common gases (HCl, NH(3), NO, and CO(2)). Oxygen alters the sensor response when comparing signals for Sulfur Dioxide in 0, 20 and 100% oxygen environments.
Li-fang Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sulfur Dioxide residue in Sulfur-fumigated edible herbs: The fewer, the safer?
Food chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Su-min Duan, Ying-jia Bai, Yan Ding, Ming Kong, Huan-huan Liu, Qing-shan Zhang, Hubiao Chen, Li-fang LiuAbstract:The residual content of Sulfur Dioxide is frequently regarded as the exclusive indicator in the safety evaluation of Sulfur-fumigated edible herbs. To examine the feasibility of such assessment criteria, here the variations in residual Sulfur Dioxide content during Sulfur-fumigation and the potential mechanisms involved were investigated, using Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR) as a model herb. The residual Sulfur Dioxide content and ten major bioactive components in Sulfur-fumigated ASR samples were dynamically examined at 13 successive time points within 72 h Sulfur-fumigation. The relationship between the content variation tendency of Sulfur Dioxide and the ten chemicals was discussed. The results suggested that Sulfur Dioxide-involved chemical transformation of the original components in ASR might cause large consumption of residual Sulfur Dioxide during Sulfur-fumigation. It implies that without considering the induced chemical transformation of bioactive components, the residual Sulfur Dioxide content alone might be inadequate to comprehensively evaluate the safety of Sulfur-fumigated herbs.
