The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Richard K Leach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Introduction to Surface Texture Measurement
Optical Measurement of Surface Topography, 2020Co-Authors: Richard K LeachAbstract:This chapter introduces some of the concepts used in the measurement and characterisation of Surface Texture that will be used throughout the rest of the book. A short history of optical measurement techniques will be given, followed by descriptions of Surface profile and areal Surfaces. How Surface Texture sits within the ISO Geometrical Product Specification is discussed along with the current position with Surface Texture specification standards. Non-optical and optical Surface Texture measurement instrument types are summarised and some general advice is given on instrument choice.
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Approximation of Surface Texture Profiles and Parameters
2020Co-Authors: James K. Brennan, Xiang Jiang, Richard K Leach, John C. Mason, Peter M. HarrisAbstract:Abstract This paper provides an overview for a project in progress, at the University of Huddersfield in collaboration with the National Physical Laboratory, concerning the development of algorithms and software to compute standard Surface Texture parameters accurately with elements of numerical safety. The paper describes the problems associated with ambiguously defined ISO parameters and the resulting complications for their implementation. Also illustrated in the paper is the issue of propagating the uncertainty of measurement through the software processes applied to the measured profile, in order to assign a parameter value. Results obtained from the research to date will also be presented. Introduction Every Surface has some form of Texture structure that takes the form of a series of peaks and valleys. This Texture has properties that are a result of the way the Surface was produced as well as other factors (e.g. crystal structure, paint on the Surface). Surface Texture often affects the performance, quality and service life of the product. If we could control Surface Texture then we could control these aspects of a product and in order to do this we must measure it. Measuring Surface Texture during the production cycle allows the product to be improved by controlling and optimising the manufacturing processes, and measuring at the end of the cycle provides a guide to the performance capability of the product. Today a range of instruments is available for Surface Texture measurement. The instruments record the coordinates of data points that represent a Surface profile, apply software to filter the data (e.g. to separate the measured primary profile into waviness and roughness profiles) and compute various Surface Texture parameters that aim to describe properties of the Surface. The most common Surface Texture parameters in use today have been published as an ISO specification standard for two-dimensional profiles
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mathematical approach to the validation of functional Surface Texture parameter software
Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties, 2019Co-Authors: Luke D. Todhunter, Richard K Leach, Simon Lawes, P M Harris, François BlateyronAbstract:A new method for performance validation of Surface Texture parameter calculation software is introduced, focussing on field Surface Texture parameters. Surface height functions are defined mathematically, either using Fourier series or polynomials, and are then input into the Surface Texture parameter definitions to obtain mathematical parameter values. A series of user-adjustable parametric Surface functions are defined that correspond to each Surface Texture parameter, enabling users to create a variety of Surfaces to assess their software whilst still retaining mathematical traceability. This method is expanded to include complex Surface Textures. Chebyshev polynomials are used to perform numerical calculations of Surface Texture parameters for a selection of polynomial Surface functions. Mathematical reference parameter values are calculated for a series of fifteen predefined Surfaces and ten parametric Surfaces to assess the performance of the software under test for a given dataset resolution. Assessment of the number of significant figures of the software-obtained values that agree with the reference values is used as a performance metric that enables comparison between different third-party software applications for a given dataset resolution. An assessment of the sampling methods used to create discrete datasets of a mathematical Surface function for use with numerical third-party software is performed. Two implementations of Surface height sampling are used to create datasets that are input into four third-party Surface Texture parameter calculation software packages, and the results compared, showing a significant variation in the performance metric values for different sampling methods.
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Industrial survey of ISO Surface Texture parameters
Cirp Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Luke D. Todhunter, Richard K Leach, Simon Lawes, François BlateyronAbstract:Results of an international survey are presented, detailing the use of Surface Texture parameters in industry. The survey received 179 responses from a total of 34 countries, revealing the use of a variety of parameters from ISO 4287, ISO 12085, ISO 13565-2/3 and ISO 25178-2. The survey responses show an increase in the number of users of profile parameters, and an increase in the range of Surface Texture parameters used, compared to the results from a similar survey in 1999, as well as a significant uptake of the new areal Surface Texture parameters. Individual sector usage is also discussed.
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Results of an industrial survey on the use of Surface Texture parameters
2017Co-Authors: Luke D. Todhunter, Richard K Leach, Simon LawesAbstract:In 1999, CIRP conducted an industrial survey of the use of Surface Texture parameters [1]. In the seventeen years since, much has changed, with the most important advancement being the introduction of areal Surface Texture parameters as described in ISO 25178-2 [2]. There has also been the release of commercial software packages for the calculation of Surface Texture parameters and, therefore, it is expected that industry is starting to embrace areal Surface Texture characterisation. Industry is also increasingly using more optical instruments, which are often inherently areal in nature. These factors bring to light the need for a new parameter survey, to investigate whether industry really has been adopting areal Surface Texture parameters. This study used an online survey to obtain information about the current use of Surface Texture parameters in industry. The survey features both profile and areal Surface Texture parameters defined in specification standards ISO 4287 [3], ISO 25178-2 [2], ISO 12085 [4] and ISO 13565-2/3 [5, 6]. The survey was open to responses for eight months and obtained a total of 179 responses from a variety of industrial users of Surface Texture parameters spread across thirty-two countries. Responses from the survey offer information about the usage of individual Surface Texture parameters, highlighting any parameters that are unpopular and may require attention. The survey also enables participants to share their opinion on the current range of parameters in use, giving an insight into the perception of Surface Texture parameters in industry. The results from the survey highlight a strong adoption by industry of the areal Surface Texture parameters defined in ISO 25178-2. In comparison to the 1999 survey, there has also been an overall increase in the use of profile Surface Texture parameters, and an increase in the variety of parameters used, particularly for the ISO 4287 roughness parameters, suggesting a better understanding of the range of parameters available and their uses. Conversely, this increase in parameter variety could be due to the greater computational power available to users of Surface Texture parameters, allowing them to use more parameters with little cost. The results of the Surface Texture parameter survey will serve as an indication of the current state of the industry to those interested in the widespread acceptance and evolution of Surface Texture parameters. The analysis of the survey will identify common potential improvement areas in Surface Texture parameter selection and provide a starting point from which to better promote the current selection and better educate the users.
Wanjun Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A tactile sensor using single layer graphene for Surface Texture recognition
Nanoscale, 2017Co-Authors: Sungwoo Chun, Yeonhai Choi, Dong Ik Suh, Gi Yoon Bae, Sangil Hyun, Wanjun ParkAbstract:A flexible tactile sensor using single layer graphene that can detect Surface Texture based on a single sensor architecture.
N. Cross - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Low-cost traceable dynamic calibration of Surface Texture measuring instruments
Measurement Science and Technology, 2002Co-Authors: Richard K Leach, N. CrossAbstract:A low-cost system for measuring the transmission characteristics of Surface Texture measuring instruments is presented. The system uses active vibration of the sensor that measures the vertical displacement of the Surface features. It operates in an open-loop control mode and comprises an electromagnetic force actuator combined with a linear spring element.
R. Nosouhi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Analytical and experimental study of topography of Surface Texture in ultrasonic vibration assisted turning
Materials and Design, 2016Co-Authors: S. A. Sajjady, H. Nouri Hossein Abadi, Sasan AMINI, R. NosouhiAbstract:Ultrasonic vibration assisted turning (UAT) is a machining method for creating precision Surfaces that because of advantages such as increased tool life, decreased cutting force, high Surface quality, and increasing the machinability of hard cutting materials is widely used. In this method, optimal choice of machining parameters has a significant effect on the obtained Surface Texture. This paper examines the parameters that influence Surface Texture in the UAT. Therefore, an algorithm was provided to simulate Surface Textures in the process of ultrasonic vibration assisted face-turning in three modes of one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional. To validate this algorithm, experimental tests were performed on Al7075-T6. Comparing the results of the algorithm and experimental tests shows that the Surface Texture resulted from simulation algorithm is well-matched with the results of experimental tests. Finally, the effect of machining parameters of cutting speed and feed rate are investigated in a variety of vibration modes applied to the tool.
Junyu Dong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Capture and fusion of 3d Surface Texture
Multimedia Tools and Applications, 2010Co-Authors: Muwei Jian, Junyu DongAbstract:Image fusion is a process that multiple images of a scene are combined to form a single image. The aim of image fusion is to preserve the full content and retain important features of each original image. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on wavelet transform to capture and fusion of real-world rough Surface Textures, which are commonly used in multimedia applications and referred to as3D Surface Texture. These Textures are different from 2D Textures as their appearances can vary dramatically with different illumination conditions due to complex Surface geometry and reflectance properties. In our approach, we first extract gradient/height and albedo maps from sample 3D Surface Texture images as their representation. Then we measure saliency of wavelet coefficients of these 3D Surface Texture representations. The saliency values reflect the meaningful content of the wavelet coefficients and are consistent with human visual perception. Finally we fuse the gradient/height and albedo maps based on the measured saliency values. This novel scheme aims to preserve the original Texture patterns together with geometry and reflectance characteristics from input images. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can not only capture and fuse 3D Surface Texture under arbitrary illumination directions, but also has the ability to retain the Surface geometry properties and preserve perceptual features in the original images.
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Super Resolution of 3D Surface Texture Based on Eigen Images
2008 Congress on Image and Signal Processing, 2008Co-Authors: Junyu Dong, Zhenwei YuAbstract:Real-world Surface Texture generally comprises rough geometry and various reflectance properties, which can dramatically change its appearance under different illumination directions, namely 3D Surface Texture. Thus, traditional methods for super resolution of 2D Texture images cannot be directly used to generate 3D Surface Texture with higher resolution. This paper presents an efficient method for super resolutionon 3D Surface Texture. It focuses on synthesizing real-world Surface Textures with higher resolution and under varied illumination directions. To this extent, it first employs an Eigen-based method to represent 3D Surface Texture images under multiple illumination directions. Then it modifies the examplebased super resolution method proposed by Freemanet al. to generate new 3D Surface Texture. Experimental results based on a set of real-world Surface Textures are presented and show the effectiveness of the new algorithm.
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3D Surface Texture Synthesis Based on Wavelet Transform
2008 International Symposium on Computer Science and Computational Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Muwei Jian, Junyu DongAbstract:Research into Texture synthesis is normally concerned with generation of 2D images of Texture. However, real-world Surface Textures comprise rough Surface geometry and various reflectance properties. These Surface Textures are different from 2D still Texture as their images can therefore vary dramatically with illumination directions. This paper presents a simple framework for 3D Surface Texture synthesis. Firstly, we propose a novel 2D Texture synthesis algorithm based on wavelet transform that can be efficiently extended to synthesise Surface representations in multi-dimensional space. Then, photometric stereo (PS) is used to generate Surface gradient and albedo maps from three synthesized Surface Texture images. The Surface gradient maps can be further integrated to produce a Surface height map (Surface profile). With the albedo and height or gradient maps, new images of a Lambertian Surface under arbitrary illuminant directions can be generated. Experiments show that the proposed approach can not only produce 3D Surface Textures under arbitrary illumination directions, but also has the ability to retain the Surface geometry structure.
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Super Resolution of 3D Surface Texture
2007Co-Authors: Junyu DongAbstract:Real-world Surface Textures commonly consist of a spatial variation of reflectance properties combined with rough Surface geometry, called 3D Surface Texture. Variation of illumination can produce dramatic changes their appearance. While previous work on super resolution pays great attention to 2D images, this paper proposes an inexpensive method for super resolution on 3D Surface Textures. First, four images under different illumination angles are captured for each sample Surface Texture, from which the Surface gradient maps and the albedo map are extracted by Photometric Stereo. Then the Surface gradient and albedo maps and three selected original images, which represent 3D Surface Texture, are processed by a modified 2D Example-based super resolution method to generate result representation sets with higher resolution. Finally, relight Surface representations to generate high resolution Texture images under any different illumination conditions. Experimental results show that this method provides more fine details compared to interpolation techniques.
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Hole Filling on Three-Dimensional Surface Texture
2007 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2007Co-Authors: Junyu Dong, Li Li, Zhongda YuAbstract:Real-world Surface Textures normally comprise rough Surface geometry and various reflectance properties. These Surface Textures are different from 2D still Texture as their images can therefore vary dramatically with illumination directions. Research into hole filling has long been focusing on 2D images, Surfaces of 3D models or video clips to reconstruct missing information around the hole area. However, no reports are available regarding hole filling for rough or 3D Surface Textures. This paper presents a simple framework for filling holes on 3D Surface Texture. Firstly, we represent 3D Surface Texture under varied illumination directions using gradient and albedo maps as well as eigen base images. Then, the hole area is searched and an order map is established for filling the hole iteratively using patches from Surface representation. Finally, the filling algorithm for the 3D Surface representation is performed according to the order map to generate missing information in the hole area. Experiments show that the proposed approach can not only produce hole-filled images under arbitrary illumination directions, but also has the ability to repair the Surface geometry.
