The Experts below are selected from a list of 200430 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Christoph Humborg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reducing agricultural nutrient Surpluses in a large catchment links to livestock density
Science of The Total Environment, 2019Co-Authors: Annika Svanback, Michelle L Mccrackin, Dennis P Swaney, Helena Linefur, Bo G Gustafsson, Robert W Howarth, Christoph HumborgAbstract:Abstract The separation between crop- and livestock production is an important driver of agricultural nutrient Surpluses in many parts of the world. Nutrient Surpluses can be symptomatic of poor resource use efficiency and contribute to environmental problems. Thus, it is important not only to identify where Surpluses can be reduced, but also the potential policy tools that could facilitate reductions. Here, we explored linkages between livestock production and nutrient flows for the Baltic Sea catchment and discuss management practices and policies that influence the magnitude of nutrient Surpluses. We found that the majority of nutrients cycled through the livestock sector and that large nitrogen and phosphorus Surpluses often occurred in regions with high livestock density. Imports of mineral fertilizers and feed to the catchment increased overall Surpluses, which in turn increased the risk of nutrient losses from agriculture to the aquatic environment. Many things can be done to reduce agricultural nutrient Surpluses; an important example is using manure nutrients more efficiently in crop production, thereby reducing the need to import mineral fertilizers. Also, existing soil P reserves could be used to a greater extent, which further emphasizes the need to improve nutrient management practices. The countries around the Baltic Sea used different approaches to manage agricultural nutrient Surpluses, and because eight of the coastal countries are members in the European Union (EU), common EU policies play an important role in management. We observed reductions in Surpluses between 2000 and 2010 in some countries, which suggested the influence of different approaches to management and policy and that there are opportunities for further improvement. However, the separation between crop and livestock production in agriculture appears to be an underlying cause of nutrient Surpluses; thus, further research is needed to understand how policy can address these structural issues and increase sustainability in food production.
Jeffrey B Liebman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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social security reform and national saving in an era of budget Surpluses
Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2000Co-Authors: Douglas W Elmendorf, Jeffrey B LiebmanAbstract:THE UNEXPECTED EMERGENCE of federal budget Surpluses during the late 1990s, combined with official projections that these Surpluses will con- tinue for decades to come, has significantly altered fiscal policymaking. Congressional and administration budget proposals now aim to balance the budget exclusive of Social Security, or exclusive of Social Security and Medicare, rather than on an overall, or unified, basis. Some proposals state the goal of paying off the entire stock of federal debt held by the public within a decade and a half. This fiscal bounty has also altered the likely avenues for Social Security and Medicare reform. Traditional options for ensuring the programs' financial stability—benefit cuts and tax increases—have largely given way to new options focused on using the expected Surpluses to prefund future obligations. The future obligations of Social Security and Medicare under current law are large. The projected aging of the population and rising health care spending imply that federal outlays on these programs will nearly double as a share of GDP over the next seventy-five years, from 6.3 percent in
Youngbum Kwon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sponsorship-linked marketing: research Surpluses and shortages
Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 2019Co-Authors: T. Bettina Cornwell, Youngbum KwonAbstract:This systematic review of sponsorship-linked marketing from 1996 to 2017 analyzes the current state of research. The overarching conclusion is that there is a surplus of research that examines audience responses to sponsorship-linked marketing but a shortage of research that examines marketing management of the sponsorship process. This misalignment of research needs to research investments stems partly from a failure to consider the sponsorship process as a whole. Research has failed to account for the complexity of the sponsorship-linked marketing ecosystem that influences both audience response and management decision making. The authors develop a sponsoring process model, generalizable to all sponsorship contexts, as an organizing frame for the review and as a reorienting perspective for research and practice. To spur future work, they advance a series of research questions and, to support practice, provide managerial insights.
Sandra Kroger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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representation deficits and Surpluses in eu policy making
In: Representation and Democracy in the EU: Does one Come at the Expense of the Other? (pp. 1-21). (2016), 2016Co-Authors: Richard Bellamy, Sandra KrogerAbstract:© 2015 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved. Representation and democracy are not always complementary. Sometimes the one undermines the other. Too much democracy can create a representation deficit, as occurs when majorities oppress or neglect minorities. However, the opposite can also arise. The over representation of different groups can undermine the processes whereby representatives are authorised by and accountable to those they are supposed to serve. The EU offers multiple channels of representation. In some respects, this multiplicity reflects the diversity of the peoples, individuals and interests represented within the EU. Yet in overcoming a potential representation deficit in EU policymaking, this arrangement leads to a representation surplus and creates a democratic deficit.
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representation deficits and Surpluses in eu policy making
Journal of European Integration, 2013Co-Authors: Richard Bellamy, Sandra KrogerAbstract:Representation and democracy are not always complementary. Sometimes the one undermines the other. Too much democracy can create a representation deficit, as occurs when majorities oppress or neglect minorities. However, the opposite can also arise. The over representation of different groups can undermine the processes whereby representatives are authorised by and accountable to those they are supposed to serve. The EU offers multiple channels of representation. In some respects, this multiplicity reflects the diversity of the peoples, individuals and interests represented within the EU. Yet in overcoming a potential representation deficit in EU policy-making, this arrangement leads to a representation surplus and creates a democratic deficit.
Bo G Gustafsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reducing agricultural nutrient Surpluses in a large catchment links to livestock density
Science of The Total Environment, 2019Co-Authors: Annika Svanback, Michelle L Mccrackin, Dennis P Swaney, Helena Linefur, Bo G Gustafsson, Robert W Howarth, Christoph HumborgAbstract:Abstract The separation between crop- and livestock production is an important driver of agricultural nutrient Surpluses in many parts of the world. Nutrient Surpluses can be symptomatic of poor resource use efficiency and contribute to environmental problems. Thus, it is important not only to identify where Surpluses can be reduced, but also the potential policy tools that could facilitate reductions. Here, we explored linkages between livestock production and nutrient flows for the Baltic Sea catchment and discuss management practices and policies that influence the magnitude of nutrient Surpluses. We found that the majority of nutrients cycled through the livestock sector and that large nitrogen and phosphorus Surpluses often occurred in regions with high livestock density. Imports of mineral fertilizers and feed to the catchment increased overall Surpluses, which in turn increased the risk of nutrient losses from agriculture to the aquatic environment. Many things can be done to reduce agricultural nutrient Surpluses; an important example is using manure nutrients more efficiently in crop production, thereby reducing the need to import mineral fertilizers. Also, existing soil P reserves could be used to a greater extent, which further emphasizes the need to improve nutrient management practices. The countries around the Baltic Sea used different approaches to manage agricultural nutrient Surpluses, and because eight of the coastal countries are members in the European Union (EU), common EU policies play an important role in management. We observed reductions in Surpluses between 2000 and 2010 in some countries, which suggested the influence of different approaches to management and policy and that there are opportunities for further improvement. However, the separation between crop and livestock production in agriculture appears to be an underlying cause of nutrient Surpluses; thus, further research is needed to understand how policy can address these structural issues and increase sustainability in food production.
