The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Charles F Gilks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recommendations for surveillance of transmitted hiv drug resistance in countries scaling up antiretroviral treatment
Antiviral Therapy, 2008Co-Authors: Diane E Bennett, Mark Myatt, Silvia Bertagnolio, Donald Sutherland, Charles F GilksAbstract:Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) threshold Survey Method was developed for surveillance of transmitted HIVDR in resource-limited countries. The Method is being implemented with minimal resources as a routine public health activity to produce comparable results in multiple countries and areas within countries. Transmitted drug resistant HIV strains will be seen first in cities or health districts where antiretroviral treatment (ART) has been widely available for years. WHO recommends countries begin surveillance in these areas. Methods: Each Survey requires ≤47 specimens from individuals consecutively diagnosed with HIV to categorize resistance to each relevant drug class as 15%. Use of routinely collected information and remnant specimens is recommended to minimize costs. Site and individual eligibility criteria are designed to minimize inclusion of ARV-experienced individuals and individuals infected before ART was available. Results: Surveys have been implemented in 21 countries. In this supplement, seven countries report results of <5% transmitted HIVDR in areas where ART has been available for the longest time period. The main challenges in implementation are acquiring sufficient numbers of eligible specimens and optimizing specimen handling. Conclusion: The WHO HIVDR threshold Survey Method is feasible in resource-limited countries and produces information relevant to ART and drug resistance prevention planning.
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Recommendations for surveillance of transmitted HIV drug resistance in countries scaling up antiretroviral treatment.
Antiviral therapy, 2008Co-Authors: Diane E Bennett, Mark Myatt, Silvia Bertagnolio, Donald Sutherland, Charles F GilksAbstract:The World Health Organization (WHO) HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) threshold Survey Method was developed for surveillance of transmitted HIVDR in resource-limited countries. The Method is being implemented with minimal resources as a routine public health activity to produce comparable results in multiple countries and areas within countries. Transmitted drug resistant HIV strains will be seen first in cities or health districts where antiretroviral treatment (ART) has been widely available for years. WHO recommends countries begin surveillance in these areas. Each Survey requires < or =47 specimens from individuals consecutively diagnosed with HIV to categorize resistance to each relevant drug class as <5%, 5-15% or >15%. Use of routinely collected information and remnant specimens is recommended to minimize costs. Site and individual eligibility criteria are designed to minimize inclusion of ARV-experienced individuals and individuals infected before ART was available. Surveys have been implemented in 21 countries. In this supplement, seven countries report results of <5% transmitted HIVDR in areas where ART has been available for the longest time period. The main challenges in implementation are acquiring sufficient numbers of eligible specimens and optimizing specimen handling. The WHO HIVDR threshold Survey Method is feasible in resource-limited countries and produces information relevant to ART and drug resistance prevention planning.
Perry Naughton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Comparison Between Structure from Motion and Direct Survey Methodologies on the Warwick
Journal of Maritime Archaeology, 2015Co-Authors: Piotr Bojakowski, Katie Custer Bojakowski, Perry NaughtonAbstract:Structure from Motion, the process of turning two-dimensional digital images into a three-dimensional digital model, is recognized as an emerging Method in archaeological research. While some of the previous studies of Structure from Motion applied to underwater projects showed promise as an information rich and affordable Survey Method, the issue of accuracy remains. This study examined the efficacy of this new technology as a post-processing analytical tool on the early seventeenth-century shipwreck site, Warwick, from Bermuda. Using original digital images from the archaeological excavations, Structure from Motion was tested for suitability and accuracy, and the results compared against the Direct Survey Method. The outcome was an interdisciplinary effort that allowed for a better understanding of the process and the resulting limitations of Structure from Motion for underwater Surveys and excavations.
Diane E Bennett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recommendations for surveillance of transmitted hiv drug resistance in countries scaling up antiretroviral treatment
Antiviral Therapy, 2008Co-Authors: Diane E Bennett, Mark Myatt, Silvia Bertagnolio, Donald Sutherland, Charles F GilksAbstract:Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) threshold Survey Method was developed for surveillance of transmitted HIVDR in resource-limited countries. The Method is being implemented with minimal resources as a routine public health activity to produce comparable results in multiple countries and areas within countries. Transmitted drug resistant HIV strains will be seen first in cities or health districts where antiretroviral treatment (ART) has been widely available for years. WHO recommends countries begin surveillance in these areas. Methods: Each Survey requires ≤47 specimens from individuals consecutively diagnosed with HIV to categorize resistance to each relevant drug class as 15%. Use of routinely collected information and remnant specimens is recommended to minimize costs. Site and individual eligibility criteria are designed to minimize inclusion of ARV-experienced individuals and individuals infected before ART was available. Results: Surveys have been implemented in 21 countries. In this supplement, seven countries report results of <5% transmitted HIVDR in areas where ART has been available for the longest time period. The main challenges in implementation are acquiring sufficient numbers of eligible specimens and optimizing specimen handling. Conclusion: The WHO HIVDR threshold Survey Method is feasible in resource-limited countries and produces information relevant to ART and drug resistance prevention planning.
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Recommendations for surveillance of transmitted HIV drug resistance in countries scaling up antiretroviral treatment.
Antiviral therapy, 2008Co-Authors: Diane E Bennett, Mark Myatt, Silvia Bertagnolio, Donald Sutherland, Charles F GilksAbstract:The World Health Organization (WHO) HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) threshold Survey Method was developed for surveillance of transmitted HIVDR in resource-limited countries. The Method is being implemented with minimal resources as a routine public health activity to produce comparable results in multiple countries and areas within countries. Transmitted drug resistant HIV strains will be seen first in cities or health districts where antiretroviral treatment (ART) has been widely available for years. WHO recommends countries begin surveillance in these areas. Each Survey requires < or =47 specimens from individuals consecutively diagnosed with HIV to categorize resistance to each relevant drug class as <5%, 5-15% or >15%. Use of routinely collected information and remnant specimens is recommended to minimize costs. Site and individual eligibility criteria are designed to minimize inclusion of ARV-experienced individuals and individuals infected before ART was available. Surveys have been implemented in 21 countries. In this supplement, seven countries report results of <5% transmitted HIVDR in areas where ART has been available for the longest time period. The main challenges in implementation are acquiring sufficient numbers of eligible specimens and optimizing specimen handling. The WHO HIVDR threshold Survey Method is feasible in resource-limited countries and produces information relevant to ART and drug resistance prevention planning.
Mark Myatt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recommendations for surveillance of transmitted HIV drug resistance in countries scaling up antiretroviral treatment.
Antiviral therapy, 2008Co-Authors: Diane E Bennett, Mark Myatt, Silvia Bertagnolio, Donald Sutherland, Charles F GilksAbstract:The World Health Organization (WHO) HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) threshold Survey Method was developed for surveillance of transmitted HIVDR in resource-limited countries. The Method is being implemented with minimal resources as a routine public health activity to produce comparable results in multiple countries and areas within countries. Transmitted drug resistant HIV strains will be seen first in cities or health districts where antiretroviral treatment (ART) has been widely available for years. WHO recommends countries begin surveillance in these areas. Each Survey requires < or =47 specimens from individuals consecutively diagnosed with HIV to categorize resistance to each relevant drug class as <5%, 5-15% or >15%. Use of routinely collected information and remnant specimens is recommended to minimize costs. Site and individual eligibility criteria are designed to minimize inclusion of ARV-experienced individuals and individuals infected before ART was available. Surveys have been implemented in 21 countries. In this supplement, seven countries report results of <5% transmitted HIVDR in areas where ART has been available for the longest time period. The main challenges in implementation are acquiring sufficient numbers of eligible specimens and optimizing specimen handling. The WHO HIVDR threshold Survey Method is feasible in resource-limited countries and produces information relevant to ART and drug resistance prevention planning.
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recommendations for surveillance of transmitted hiv drug resistance in countries scaling up antiretroviral treatment
Antiviral Therapy, 2008Co-Authors: Diane E Bennett, Mark Myatt, Silvia Bertagnolio, Donald Sutherland, Charles F GilksAbstract:Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) threshold Survey Method was developed for surveillance of transmitted HIVDR in resource-limited countries. The Method is being implemented with minimal resources as a routine public health activity to produce comparable results in multiple countries and areas within countries. Transmitted drug resistant HIV strains will be seen first in cities or health districts where antiretroviral treatment (ART) has been widely available for years. WHO recommends countries begin surveillance in these areas. Methods: Each Survey requires ≤47 specimens from individuals consecutively diagnosed with HIV to categorize resistance to each relevant drug class as 15%. Use of routinely collected information and remnant specimens is recommended to minimize costs. Site and individual eligibility criteria are designed to minimize inclusion of ARV-experienced individuals and individuals infected before ART was available. Results: Surveys have been implemented in 21 countries. In this supplement, seven countries report results of <5% transmitted HIVDR in areas where ART has been available for the longest time period. The main challenges in implementation are acquiring sufficient numbers of eligible specimens and optimizing specimen handling. Conclusion: The WHO HIVDR threshold Survey Method is feasible in resource-limited countries and produces information relevant to ART and drug resistance prevention planning.
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field trial of applicability of lot quality assurance sampling Survey Method for rapid assessment of prevalence of active trachoma
Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 2003Co-Authors: Mark Myatt, Hans Limburg, Darwin C Minassian, Damson KatyolaAbstract:Objective To test the applicability of lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) for the rapid assessment of the prevalence of active trachoma. Methods Prevalence of active trachoma in six communities was found by examining all children aged 2–5 years. Trial Surveys were conducted in these communities. A sampling plan appropriate for classifying communities with prevalences 20% and 40% was applied to the Survey data. Operating characteristic and average sample number curves were plotted, and screening test indices were calculated. The ability of LQAS to provide a three-class classification system was investigated. Findings Ninety-six trial Surveys were conducted. All communities with prevalences 20% and 40% were identified correctly. The Method discriminated between communities with prevalences 30% and >30%, with sensitivity of 98% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 88.2–99.9%), specificity of 84.4% (CI = 69.9–93.0%), positive predictive value of 87.7% (CI = 75.7–94.5%), negative predictive value of 97.4% (CI = 84.9–99.9%), and accuracy of 91.7% (CI = 83.8–96.1%). Agreement between the three prevalence classes and Survey classifications was 84.4% (CI = 75.2–90.7%). The time needed to complete the Surveys was consistent with the need to complete a Survey in one day. Conclusion Lot quality assurance sampling provides a Method of classifying communities according to the prevalence of active trachoma. It merits serious consideration as a replacement for the assessment of the prevalence of active trachoma with the currently used trachoma rapid assessment Method. It may be extended to provide a multi-class classification Method.
Jrgen Margraf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Survey Method matters
Computers in Human Behavior, 2017Co-Authors: Xiao-chi Zhang, Lars Kuchinke, Marcella L. Woud, Julia Velten, Jrgen MargrafAbstract:Self-report inventories enable efficient assessment of mental attributes in large representative Surveys. However, an inventory can be administered in several ways whose equivalence is largely untested. In the present study, we administered thirteen psychological questionnaires assessing positive and negative aspects of mental health. The questionnaires were administered by four different data collection Methods: face-to-face interview, telephone interview, online questionnaire, and offline questionnaire. We found that twelve of the questionnaires differed in Survey Methods. Although, some studies showed that social desirability tends to be highest for telephone Survey and lowest for web Survey. Furthermore, the effects of social desirability should be the same for the online and offline samples. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the face-to-face and telephone samples for the anxiety scale, the stress scale, and the tradition scale. We also found that for eight scales, the online sample was statistically different from the offline sample in the respondent answers. Moreover, the Survey Method effects were only moderated by age. Finally, measurement invariance across the four Survey Methods was tested for each self-report measure. There was full strong measurement invariance established for nine of thirteen scales and partial strong measurement invariance for the remaining four scales across the four Survey Methods. These findings indicated that measurement invariance was affected by different Survey Methods. Face-to-face and Telephone samples yielded same results for three scales.Online and Offline samples yielded different results for eight scales.Measurement invariance was affected by different Survey Methods.
