The Experts below are selected from a list of 10629 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Susan E. Swithers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Artificial Sweeteners are not the answer to childhood obesity
Appetite, 2015Co-Authors: Susan E. SwithersAbstract:While no single factor is responsible for the recent, dramatic increases in overweight and obesity, a scientific consensus has emerged suggesting that consumption of sugar-sweetened products, especially beverages, is casually linked to increases in risk of chronic, debilitating diseases including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke. One approach that might be beneficial would be to replace sugar-sweetened items with products manufactured with artificial Sweeteners that provide sweet tastes but with fewer calories. Unfortunately, evidence now indicates that artificial Sweeteners are also associated with increased risk of the same chronic diseases linked to sugar consumption. Several biologically plausible mechanisms may explain these counterintuitive negative associations. For example, artificial Sweeteners can interfere with basic learning processes that serve to anticipate the normal consequences of consuming sugars, leading to overeating, diminished release of hormones such as GLP-1, and impaired blood glucose regulation. In addition, artificial Sweeteners can alter gut microbiota in rodent models and humans, which can also contribute to impaired glucose regulation. Use of artificial Sweeteners may also be particularly problematic in children since exposure to hyper-sweetened foods and beverages at young ages may have effects on sweet preferences that persist into adulthood. Taken as a whole, current evidence suggests that a focus on reducing sweetener intake, whether the Sweeteners are caloric or non-caloric, remains a better strategy for combating overweight and obesity than use of artificial Sweeteners.
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the effects of high intensity Sweeteners saccharin and acesulfame potassium on food intake and body weight regulation in rats
Appetite, 2007Co-Authors: S L Roy, T L Davidson, Susan E. SwithersAbstract:Foods containing artificial Sweeteners have become increasingly available; yet it is still unclear what role they may play in the regulation of energy balance. Our laboratory has suggested that rats exposed to saccharin, showed increased in body weight and caloric intake, compared to rats exposed to the caloric sweetener glucose. These data suggest that animals, including humans, use orosensory cues from foods to signal the nutritive consequences when eating, and a sweet taste that does not signal the arrival of these consequences may contribute to deficits in regulation of energy balance. In the present experiments, we examined whether these effects generalized to additional caloric and non-caloric Sweeteners. Rats were divided into 4 groups (glucose, sucrose, saccharin or acesulfame potassium [AceK d in addition to ad lib chow and water. During the 2 week diet exposure, animals that received the high-intensity Sweeteners gained significantly more weight than animals that received the caloric Sweeteners. Additionally, the high-intensity sweetener groups consumed significantly more total calories than the caloric sweetener groups. These data show that the effects on food intake and body weight gain are not directly related to the consumption of a particular high-intensity sweetener, but that consumption of high-intensity Sweeteners in general may disrupt energy balance.
Spyros Pantoulias - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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selective continuous monitoring and analysis of mixtures of acesulfame k cyclamate and saccharin in artificial sweetener tablets diet soft drinks yogurts and wines using filter supported bilayer lipid membranes
Analytical Chemistry, 2001Co-Authors: Dimitrios P Nikolelis, Spyros PantouliasAbstract:This work describes a technique for the rapid and sensitive electrochemical flow injection monitoring and analysis of mixtures of the artificial Sweeteners acesulfame-K, cyclamate, and saccharin using stabilized systems of filter-supported bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs). Injections of artificial Sweeteners were made into flowing streams of a carrier electrolyte solution, and a transient current signal with duration of seconds reproducibly appeared in less than < 1 min after exposure of the lipid membranes to the artificial Sweeteners. The magnitude of this signal was linearly related to the concentration of artificial Sweeteners, which could be determined at micromolar levels. Repetitive cycles of injection of artificial Sweeteners have shown no signal degradation during each cycle (30 sequential injections). The time of appearance of the transient response was different for each artificial sweetener and increased in the order of cyclamic acid, acesulfame-K, and saccharin. The difference in time of response has allowed selective detection and analysis of these artificial Sweeteners in mixtures. The effect of potent interferences, including a wide range of compounds usually found in foods, proteins, and lipids was investigated. The results showed no interferences from these constituents of real food samples. The major interference from proteins (most common in lipid-film-based biosensors) can be eliminated by modulation of the carrier solution that does not allow adsorption of these compounds in BLMs. The technique was applied in real food samples, that is, in artificial sweetener tablets, diet soft drinks, wines, and yogurts that contain mixtures of these artificial Sweeteners with aspartame and other compounds. A comparison of results using the present method and that of an Official Method of Analysis showed good agreement between the two methods.
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electrochemical transduction of the interactions of the Sweeteners acesulfame k saccharin and cyclamate with bilayer lipid membranes blms
Electrochimica Acta, 2001Co-Authors: Dimitrios P Nikolelis, Spyros Pantoulias, Ulrich J Krull, Jiang ZengAbstract:Abstract This work explores the interactions of the Sweeteners acesulfame-K, saccharin and cyclamate with bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs). BLMs composed of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) can be used for the direct electrochemical sensing of these Sweeteners. The interactions of these compounds with lipid membranes were found to be electrochemically transduced in the form of a transient current signal with a duration of seconds, which reproducibly appeared within 11 s after exposure of the membranes to the sweetener. The mechanism of signal generation was investigated by differential scanning calorimetric studies and monolayer compression techniques. These latter studies revealed that the adsorption of Sweeteners caused an increase of the average molecular area occupied by the lipids, and resulted in increased structural order of membranes. The alteration of lipid density can change the ‘effective area’ of the headgroup and the orientation/association of water, and therefore the electrostatic fields at the surface of the membranes. The magnitude of the transient current signal was related to the concentration of the sweetener in bulk solution in the micromolar range. The potential interferences of the present electrochemical transduction were investigated. The present technique can be used as a one shot sensor for the rapid detection of these Sweeteners.
Dimitrios P Nikolelis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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selective continuous monitoring and analysis of mixtures of acesulfame k cyclamate and saccharin in artificial sweetener tablets diet soft drinks yogurts and wines using filter supported bilayer lipid membranes
Analytical Chemistry, 2001Co-Authors: Dimitrios P Nikolelis, Spyros PantouliasAbstract:This work describes a technique for the rapid and sensitive electrochemical flow injection monitoring and analysis of mixtures of the artificial Sweeteners acesulfame-K, cyclamate, and saccharin using stabilized systems of filter-supported bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs). Injections of artificial Sweeteners were made into flowing streams of a carrier electrolyte solution, and a transient current signal with duration of seconds reproducibly appeared in less than < 1 min after exposure of the lipid membranes to the artificial Sweeteners. The magnitude of this signal was linearly related to the concentration of artificial Sweeteners, which could be determined at micromolar levels. Repetitive cycles of injection of artificial Sweeteners have shown no signal degradation during each cycle (30 sequential injections). The time of appearance of the transient response was different for each artificial sweetener and increased in the order of cyclamic acid, acesulfame-K, and saccharin. The difference in time of response has allowed selective detection and analysis of these artificial Sweeteners in mixtures. The effect of potent interferences, including a wide range of compounds usually found in foods, proteins, and lipids was investigated. The results showed no interferences from these constituents of real food samples. The major interference from proteins (most common in lipid-film-based biosensors) can be eliminated by modulation of the carrier solution that does not allow adsorption of these compounds in BLMs. The technique was applied in real food samples, that is, in artificial sweetener tablets, diet soft drinks, wines, and yogurts that contain mixtures of these artificial Sweeteners with aspartame and other compounds. A comparison of results using the present method and that of an Official Method of Analysis showed good agreement between the two methods.
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electrochemical transduction of the interactions of the Sweeteners acesulfame k saccharin and cyclamate with bilayer lipid membranes blms
Electrochimica Acta, 2001Co-Authors: Dimitrios P Nikolelis, Spyros Pantoulias, Ulrich J Krull, Jiang ZengAbstract:Abstract This work explores the interactions of the Sweeteners acesulfame-K, saccharin and cyclamate with bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs). BLMs composed of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) can be used for the direct electrochemical sensing of these Sweeteners. The interactions of these compounds with lipid membranes were found to be electrochemically transduced in the form of a transient current signal with a duration of seconds, which reproducibly appeared within 11 s after exposure of the membranes to the sweetener. The mechanism of signal generation was investigated by differential scanning calorimetric studies and monolayer compression techniques. These latter studies revealed that the adsorption of Sweeteners caused an increase of the average molecular area occupied by the lipids, and resulted in increased structural order of membranes. The alteration of lipid density can change the ‘effective area’ of the headgroup and the orientation/association of water, and therefore the electrostatic fields at the surface of the membranes. The magnitude of the transient current signal was related to the concentration of the sweetener in bulk solution in the micromolar range. The potential interferences of the present electrochemical transduction were investigated. The present technique can be used as a one shot sensor for the rapid detection of these Sweeteners.
E Vasco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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validation of an hplc dad uv method for the quantification of cyclamate in tabletop Sweeteners risk of exceeding the acceptable daily intake
Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment, 2017Co-Authors: B Sargaco, C Serra, E VascoAbstract:ABSTRACTCyclamate is widely used as intense sweetener in the European Union. The absence of a maximum limit for the use of cyclamate in tabletop Sweeteners and the growing demand for this type of product highlights the importance of developing robust analytical methods for the determination of its content to understand if the consumption of tabletop Sweeteners can have a negative impact on human health. The present work aimed at the optimisation and validation of an high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical method for cyclamate determination in tabletop Sweeteners based on the procedure of European Standard EN 12857. The validated method was then applied to the determination of this sweetener in different types of tabletop Sweeteners (liquid, powder and tablets). Both standards and samples solutions were submitted to a derivatisation procedure which converted cyclamate to N,N-dichlorocyclohexylamine. The derivatised product was separated and quantified using a reversed-phase column, a mobil...
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validation of an hplc dad uv method for the quantification of cyclamate in tabletop Sweeteners risk of exceeding the acceptable daily intake part a chemistry analysis control exposure risk assessment
Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment, 2017Co-Authors: B Sargaco, C Serra, E VascoAbstract:Cyclamate is widely used as intense sweetener in the European Union. The absence of a maximum limit for the use of cyclamate in tabletop Sweeteners and the growing demand for this type of product highlights the importance of developing robust analytical methods for the determination of its content to understand if the consumption of tabletop Sweeteners can have a negative impact on human health. The present work aimed at the optimisation and validation of an high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical method for cyclamate determination in tabletop Sweeteners based on the procedure of European Standard EN 12857. The validated method was then applied to the determination of this sweetener in different types of tabletop Sweeteners (liquid, powder and tablets). Both standards and samples solutions were submitted to a derivatisation procedure which converted cyclamate to N,N-dichlorocyclohexylamine. The derivatised product was separated and quantified using a reversed-phase column, a mobile phase composed of water (20%) and methanol (80%), isocratic flow of 1 ml min –¹, and detection by ultraviolet spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 314 nm. The analytical method was internally validated according to the following validation parameters: working range, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, sensitivity, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), and uncertainty. This method proved to be specific and selective for the determination of this sweetener, showing repeatability, RSD ᵣ ≤ 3%, intermediate precision, RSD R ≤ 3.3%, and recovery rates from 92% to 108% for the different tabletop Sweeteners. The method uncertainty was 9.4%. The concentration of cyclamate in the samples varied significantly, from 2.9% to 73.9%, which demonstrated that a possible excessive consumption of one of the analysed Sweeteners can lead to exceeding the acceptable daily intake for cyclamate.
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validation of an hplc dad uv method for the quantification of cyclamate in tabletop Sweeteners risk of exceeding the acceptable daily intake part a chemistry analysis control exposure risk assessment
Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment, 2017Co-Authors: B Sargaco, C Serra, E VascoAbstract:Cyclamate is widely used as intense sweetener in the European Union. The absence of a maximum limit for the use of cyclamate in tabletop Sweeteners and the growing demand for this type of product highlights the importance of developing robust analytical methods for the determination of its content to understand if the consumption of tabletop Sweeteners can have a negative impact on human health. The present work aimed at the optimisation and validation of an high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical method for cyclamate determination in tabletop Sweeteners based on the procedure of European Standard EN 12857. The validated method was then applied to the determination of this sweetener in different types of tabletop Sweeteners (liquid, powder and tablets). Both standards and samples solutions were submitted to a derivatisation procedure which converted cyclamate to N,N-dichlorocyclohexylamine. The derivatised product was separated and quantified using a reversed-phase column, a mobile phase composed of water (20%) and methanol (80%), isocratic flow of 1 ml min –¹, and detection by ultraviolet spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 314 nm. The analytical method was internally validated according to the following validation parameters: working range, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, sensitivity, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), and uncertainty. This method proved to be specific and selective for the determination of this sweetener, showing repeatability, RSD ᵣ ≤ 3%, intermediate precision, RSD R ≤ 3.3%, and recovery rates from 92% to 108% for the different tabletop Sweeteners. The method uncertainty was 9.4%. The concentration of cyclamate in the samples varied significantly, from 2.9% to 73.9%, which demonstrated that a possible excessive consumption of one of the analysed Sweeteners can lead to exceeding the acceptable daily intake for cyclamate.
Ashley Roberts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The safety and regulatory process for low calorie Sweeteners in the United States
Physiology and Behavior, 2016Co-Authors: Ashley RobertsAbstract:Low calorie Sweeteners are some of the most thoroughly tested and evaluated of all food additives. Products including aspartame and saccharin, have undergone several rounds of risk assessment by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), in relation to a number of potential safety concerns, including carcinogenicity and more recently, effects on body weight gain, glycemic control and effects on the gut microbiome. The majority of the modern day Sweeteners; acesulfame K, advantame, aspartame, neotame and sucralose have been approved in the United States through the food additive process, whereas the most recent sweetener approvals for steviol glycosides and lo han guo have occurred through the Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) system, based on scientific procedures. While the regulatory process and review time of these two types of sweetener evaluations by the FDA differ, the same level of scientific evidence is required to support safety, so as to ensure a reasonable certainty of no harm.
